MyOcean Scientific Validation Report (ScVR) for WP9 – Med-MFC

This report was written for MyOcean ProjectPublished4.6. Oceanografia operativa per la valutazione dei rischi in aree marinereserve

Carta de restauração dos fósseis

A Itália é um país com forte tradição no campo da restauração. Não surpreende, portanto, que a Carta de Restauração dos Fósseis tenha nascido em contexto italiano. O documento, publicado em 1998, organiza e sistematiza informações sobre cada atividade que possa influenciar na longevidade do fóssil, desde a escavação até o momento de guarda em uma instituição. Apesar de muitos dos pontos abordados serem intrínsecos do “fazer paleontologia”, algumas questões nos parecem relevantes para profissionais que queiram tratar de fósseis. Algo importante a enfatizar, por exemplo, é a inclusão de informações de campo, de preparação e conservação na documentação do registro na coleção científica – dados já apontados para uma documentação museológica. Outro ponto importante a destacar é a necessidade das instituições de prover laboratórios de preparação, restauração e conservação para os vários objetos de pesquisa, com profissionais qualificados nas diversas áreas de conhecimento necessárias para estas atividades. Infelizmente, isso ocorre pontualmente em certas instituições. Acreditamos que as normas de restauração e de conservação de fósseis, normalmente dispersas em várias bibliografias, foram habilmente sintetizadas na presente carta, favorecendo o conhecimento dos princípios básicos dos critérios de base e normas a serem seguidas para a coleta, preparação, restauração e conservação de material fóssil. E, ainda que a realidade italiana seja diversa da brasileira em muitos aspectos, as boas práticas indicadas no texto têm o potencial de servir de norte para políticas de gestão de coleções paleontológicas. Por fim, agradecemos ao Dr. Vittorio Borselli, coordenador da presente Carta, por conceder a autorização para tradução do documento, e assim, proporcionar sua difusão abrangente entre os profissionais que trabalham com a curadoria de material paleontológico no Brasil

The Copernicus Marine Service ocean forecasting system for the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Center (MED-MFC) is part of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and provides regular and systematic information on the time-evolving Mediterranean Sea physical (including waves) and biogeochemical state. The systems consist of 3 components: 1) Med-Physics, a numerical ocean prediction systems, based on NEMO model, that operationally produces analyses, reanalysis and short term forecasts of the main physical parameters; 2) Med-Biogeochemistry, a biogeochemical analysis, reanalysis and forecasting system based on the Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM) which provides information on chlorophyll, phosphate, nitrate, primary productivity, oxygen, phytoplankton biomass, pH and pCO2; 3) Med-Waves based on WAM model and providing analysis, forecast and reanalysis products for waves. The systems have been recently upgraded at a resolution of 1/24 degree in the horizontal and 141 vertical levels. The Med-Physics analysis and forecasting system is composed by the hydrodynamic model NEMO 2-way coupled with the third-generation wave model WaveWatchIII and forced by ECMWF atmospheric fields. The model solutions are corrected by the 3DVAR data assimilation system (3D variational scheme adapted to the oceanic assimilation problem) with a daily assimilation cycle of sea level anomaly and vertical profiles of temperature and salinity. The model has a non-linear explicit free surface and it is forced by surface pressure, interactive heat, momentum and water fluxes at the air-sea interface. The biogeochemical analysis and forecasts are produced by means of the MedBFM v2.1 modeling system (i.e. the physical-biogeochemical OGSTM-BFM model coupled with the 3DVARBIO assimilation scheme) forced by the outputs of the Med-Physics product. Seven days of analysis/hindcast and ten days of forecast are bi-weekly produced on Wednesday and on Saturday, with the assimilation of surface chlorophyll concentration from satellite observations. In-situ data are mainly used to estimate model uncertainty at different spatial scales. The Med-Waves modelling system is based on the WAM Cycle 4.5.4 wave model code. It consists of a wave model grid covering the Mediterranean Sea at a 1/24° horizontal resolution, nested to a North Atlantic grid at a 1/6° resolution. The system is forced by ECMWF winds at 1/8°. Refraction due to surface currents is accounted by the system which assimilates altimeter along-track significant wave height observations. On a daily basis, it provides 1-day analysis and 5-day forecast hourly wave parameters. Currently, wave buoy observations of significant wave height and mean wave period along with satellite observations are used to calibrate and validate the Med-waves modelling system.PublishedHalifax, Nova Scotia, Canada4A. Oceanografia e clim

The Mediterranean Forecasting System – Part 1: Evolution and performance

The Mediterranean Forecasting System produces operational analyses and reanalyses and 10 d forecasts for many essential ocean variables (EOVs), from currents, temperature, salinity, and sea level to wind waves and pelagic biogeochemistry. The products are available at a horizontal resolution of 1/24∘ (approximately 4 km) and with 141 unevenly spaced vertical levels. The core of the Mediterranean Forecasting System is constituted by the physical (PHY), the biogeochemical (BIO), and the wave (WAV) components, consisting of both numerical models and data assimilation modules. The three components together constitute the so-called Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Center (Med-MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Service. Daily 10 d forecasts and analyses are produced by the PHY, BIO, and WAV operational systems, while reanalyses are produced every ∼ 3 years for the past 30 years and are extended (yearly). The modelling systems, their coupling strategy, and their evolutions are illustrated in detail. For the first time, the quality of the products is documented in terms of skill metrics evaluated over a common 3-year period (2018–2020), giving the first complete assessment of uncertainties for all the Mediterranean environmental variable analyses.</p

Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

The 6th issue of the Copernicus OSR incorporates a large range of topics for the blue, white and green ocean for all European regional seas, and the global ocean over 1993–2020 with a special focus on 2020