Methodological Aspects of Project Techniques Selection for Innovation Project Management

Project Management offers a variety of methodologies which provides managers with different techniques and tools to use during project planning and implementation. At the same time there is a substantial lack of systematized approaches to the management of innovation projects. In this article key factors in the selection of appropriate techniques in innovation project management will first be identified. Theoretical analysis of different project management standards and possibility of their use will then be discussed. In addition how the techniques can be applied will be investigated through academic paper analysis. . This research makes a theoretical contribution to the field of project management by selecting and determining which project management techniques can be adapted and applied to innovation projects. Recommendations for practical application are based on theoretical findings of the research. These include two main factors, which are: influencing the choice of project management techniques and the structure of project selection process. The significance of the results obtained is confirmed by creation of theoretical knowledge, which permits to thoroughly understand and capture issues which may emerge during innovation project planning and implementation, through the use of established project management methodology. Keywords: Project management, Innovation, Project management standard, innovation project, PMBoK, PRINCE2, ICB

EM-TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERS PURIFICATION FROM BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of municipal waste waters purification. The present daysituation with waste water treatment facilities in Ukraine, existed methods of waste waters purification andsearch for new ones are described. Much attention is paid to such kind of pollutants as microbiological andbacterial. A comparatively new method of sewage waters purification from biological contaminants andpossibilities to apply this method in Ukraine is presented in the article.Keywords: biological pollutants, disinfection, effective microorganisms, EM-technology, treatmentfacilities, wastewaters

EM-TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERS PURIFICATION FROM BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of municipal waste waters purification. The present daysituation with waste water treatment facilities in Ukraine, existed methods of waste waters purification andsearch for new ones are described. Much attention is paid to such kind of pollutants as microbiological andbacterial. A comparatively new method of sewage waters purification from biological contaminants andpossibilities to apply this method in Ukraine is presented in the article.Keywords: biological pollutants, disinfection, effective microorganisms, EM-technology, treatmentfacilities, wastewaters

Methodological Aspects of Project Techniques Selection for Innovation Project Management

Project Management offers a variety of methodologies which provides managers with different techniques and tools to use during project planning and implementation. At the same time there is a substantial lack of systematized approaches to the management of innovation projects. In this article key factors in the selection of appropriate techniques in innovation project management will first be identified. Theoretical analysis of different project management standards and possibility of their use will then be discussed. In addition how the techniques can be applied will be investigated through academic paper analysis. . This research makes a theoretical contribution to the field of project management by selecting and determining which project management techniques can be adapted and applied to innovation projects. Recommendations for practical application are based on theoretical findings of the research. These include two main factors, which are: influencing the choice of project management techniques and the structure of project selection process. The significance of the results obtained is confirmed by creation of theoretical knowledge, which permits to thoroughly understand and capture issues which may emerge during innovation project planning and implementation, through the use of established project management methodology. Keywords: Project management, Innovation, Project management standard, innovation project, PMBoK, PRINCE2, ICB

ДОМІНУЮЧІ КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЇ У СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО КОЛЕДЖУ

The article presents the results of the ascertaining stage of the study of coping behaviour in students of medical college. The author carried out a theoretical analysis of generic concepts of sanogenic coping, such as sanogenic reflection, sanogenic thinking, coping strategies and coping behaviour. It has been investigated that the most frequent events that cause stress in medical college students are: the death of a close family member, changes in the financial situation, intersex relationships, starting college (for male respondents) and illnesses, changes in social activity, change of a place of residence, conflicts in a collective (dormitory), death of a family member or friend, change of a place of residence and study (for female respondents). The level of stress resistance was experimentally studied and coping strategies were chosen by students to overcome the current stressors. It has been found out that the threshold level of resistance to stress prevails in most students. Thus, students are forced to make a lot of effort and spend their own internal resources to fight against negative mental states that appear in the process of coping with stress. It was identified that there is a significant share of medical college students with low stress resistance – 25% of male respondents and 22% of female respondents, and quite a few individuals showed a high level of stress resistance – only 12% of male respondents and 12% of female respondents. It was found that problem-oriented coping and the search for social support are dominant among medical college students’ coping strategies; other types of strategies such as emotion-oriented coping, avoidance, and distraction are used somewhat less often by young people. It is emphasized that adaptive coping strategies contribute to effective coping with stressful situations.Based on the research, it was found that in most cases, the coping strategies chosen by the students led to an even greater increase in stress. Consequently, the problem of formation and development of productive copingstrategies among students of future medical workers remains relevant. The prospect of further research is the development of practical recommendations for effective coping with stressful and crisis situations in the activities of future medics.У статті викладено результати констатувального етапу дослідження копінг-поведінки у студентів медичного коледжу. Здійснено теоретичний аналіз родових понять саногенного копінгу, як-от: саногенна рефлексія, саногенне мислення, копінг-стратегії та копінг-поведінка. Експериментально досліджено рівень опірності стресу та обрані студентами копінг-стратегії для подолання наявних стрес-чинників. Визначено, що здебільшого в студентів переважає пороговий рівень опірності до стресу. З’ясовано, що панівним з-поміж копінг-стратегій студентів медичного коледжу є передусім проблемно-орієнтований копінг і пошук соціальної підтримки; інші види стратегій: копінг, орієнтований на емоції, уникнення та відвертання молодь застосовує дещо рідше. Підкреслено, що адаптивні копінг-стратегії сприяють ефективному переживанню стресових ситуацій

Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect of TiNi alloy single crystals

Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of [117]-oriented Ti49.7-Ni50.3 (at.%) alloy single crystals, with a B2–B190 martensitic transformation (MT), was studied after being electrolytically hydrogenated at a current density of 1500 A/m2 for 3 h at room temperature under isobaric tensile deformation. It was shown that, under the used hydrogenation regime, hydrogen was in a solid solution and lowered the elastic modulus of B190 martensite. The hydrogen in a solid solution increased (i) the yield strength 0.1 of the initial B2 phase by 100 MPa at Md temperature, (ii) the 0.1 of the stress-induced B2–B190 MT by 25 MPa at Ms temperature, and (iii) the plasticity of B190 martensite relative to the hydrogen-free crystals. At the same level of external stresses, the SME in the hydrogenated crystals was greater than that in hydrogen-free crystals. At external tensile stresses ex = 200 MPa, the SME was 4.4 0.2% in the hydrogenated crystals and 1.8 0.2% without hydrogen. Hydrogen initiated a two-way SME of 0.5 0.2% at ex = 0 MPa, which was absent in the hydrogen-free crystals. The physical reasons leading to an increase in the SME upon hydrogenation are discussed

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Opisthorchiasis: Development of Opisthorchis viverrini Antigen Detection in Urine

Background Many strategies to control opisthorchiasis have been employed in Thailand, but not in the other neighbouring countries. Specific control methods include mass drug administration (MDA) and health education to reduce raw fish consumption. These control efforts have greatly shifted the epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection over the last decade from presenting as densely concentrated heavy infections in single villages to widespread light OV infections distributed over wide geographical areas. Currently, the gold standard detection method for OV infection is formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT), which has limited diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity for light OV infections, with OV eggs often confused with eggs of minute intestinal flukes (MIFs) in feces. In this study, we developed and evaluated the diagnostic performance of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of OV excretory-secretory (ES) antigens in urine (urine OV-ES assay) for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis compared to the gold standard detection FECT method. Methodology We tested several methods for pre-treating urine samples prior to testing the diagnostic performance of the urine OV-ES assay. Using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) pre-treated urine, we compared detection and quantification of OV infection using the urine OV-ES assay versus FECT in OV-endemic areas in Northeastern Thailand. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the urine OV-ES assay using TCA pre-treated urine, and to establish diagnostic positivity thresholds. The Positive Predictive Value as well as the likelihood of obtaining a positive test result (LR+) or a negative test result (LR-) were calculated for the established diagnostic positivity threshold. Diagnostic risks (Odds Ratios) were estimated using logistic regression. Results When urine samples were pre-treated with TCA prior to use in the urine OV-ES assay, the analytical sensitivity was significantly improved. Using TCA pre-treatment of urine, the urine OV-ES assay had a limit of detection (LoD) of 39 ng/ml compared to the LoD of 52 ng/mL reported for coprological antigen detection methods. Similarly, the urine OV-ES assay correlated significantly with intensity of OV infection as measured by FECT. The urine OV-ES assay was also able to detect 28 individuals as positive from the 63 (44.4%) individuals previously determined to be negative using FECT. The likelihood of a positive diagnosis of OV infection by urine OV-ES assay increased significantly with the intensity of OV infection as determined by FECT. With reference to FECT, the sensitivity and specificity of the urine OV-ES assay was 81% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion The detection of OV-infection by the urine OV-ES assay showed much greater diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity than the current gold standard FECT method for the detection and quantification of OV infection. Due to its ease-of-use, and noninvasive sample collection (urine), the urine OV-ES assay offers the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of liver fluke infection and provide an effective tool for control and elimination of these tumorigenic parasites

Rússia a caminho de construir uma Educação Transformativa (ET)

Transformative education (TE) comprises two primary levels: personal change and action. It is a process of identifying the structures of injustice and recognizing one's capacity to rectify those roots of injustice. The primary objective of the study is to analyze transformative education (TE) in modern Russia’s education system. A descriptive-analytical method is used to meet the aim of the study. In this article, the authors draw attention to the problems that, in their opinion, hinder the construction of a rule-of-law state and civil society in the country, in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. These include economic and legal issues, the fight against poverty, proper education, freedom of the press, and the formation of one's own development ideology. Speaking about the ongoing internal processes in Russia, it should be noted that Russia's great weakness is the lack of a Transformative education and forward-looking ideology.La educación transformadora (TE) comprende dos niveles principales: cambio personal y acción. Es un proceso de identificación de las estructuras de la injusticia y el reconocimiento de la propia capacidad para rectificar las raíces de la injusticia. El objetivo principal del estudio es analizar la educación transformadora (TE) en el sistema educativo moderno de Rusia. Se utiliza un método descriptivo-analítico para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio. En este artículo, los autores llaman la atención sobre los problemas que, en su opinión, dificultan la construcción de un Estado de derecho y sociedad civil en el país, de acuerdo con la Constitución de Rusia. Estos incluyen cuestiones económicas y legales, la lucha contra la pobreza, la educación adecuada, la libertad de prensa y la formación de la propia ideología de desarrollo. Hablando de los procesos internos en curso en Rusia, cabe señalar que la gran debilidad de Rusia es la falta de una educación transformadora y una ideología progresista.A educação transformativa (ET) compreende dois níveis primários: mudança pessoal e ação. É um processo de identificação das estruturas de injustiça e de reconhecimento da capacidade de retificar as raízes da injustiça. O objetivo principal do estudo é analisar a educação transformativa (ET) no sistema educacional da Rússia moderna. Um método descritivo-analítico é utilizado para atender ao objetivo do estudo. Neste artigo, os autores chamam a atenção para os problemas que, em sua opinião, dificultam a construção de um Estado de Direito e da sociedade civil no país, de acordo com a Constituição da Rússia. Isso inclui questões econômicas e jurídicas, a luta contra a pobreza, educação adequada, liberdade de imprensa e a formação da própria ideologia de desenvolvimento. Falando sobre os processos internos em curso na Rússia, deve-se notar que a grande fraqueza da Rússia é a falta de uma educação transformativa e uma ideologia voltada para o futuro

HIV and hepatitis C Virus in internally displaced people with and without injection drug use experience in the region of Shida Kartli, Georgia

Objective: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) can have limited access to HIV and hepatitis C Virus (HCV) treatment and prevention. IDPs comprise > 7% of Georgian population but prevalence and levels of HIV and HCV knowledge in this population remain unknown. We tested 100 IDPs in Georgia for HIV and HCV, many of whom had drug injecting experience, and interviewed them about their migration experience, sexual and drug injecting practices, and HIV/HCV transmission knowledge. Results: The average age of participants was 37.5 years (range 18–63); 31% were women. Almost half (N = 48) of participants reported ever injecting drugs; 17% of those (N = 8) started injecting drugs within the last year. Anti-HCV and HIV prevalence was 11% and 0%, respectively. Fewer people without drug use experience compared to people who inject drugs correctly answered all questions on the HIV knowledge test (13% vs. 35%, p = 0.015) or knew where to get tested for HIV (67% vs 98%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in HCV knowledge between the two groups. HIV and HCV prevalence remains low among Georgian IDPs, but levels of HIV knowledge were much lower than levels of HCV knowledge