Internalization pathways into cancer cells of gadolinium-based radiosensitizing nanoparticles

International audienceOver the last few decades, nanoparticles have been studied in theranostic field with the objective of exhibiting a long circulation time through the body coupled to major accumulation in tumor tissues, rapid elimination, therapeutic potential and contrast properties. In this context, we developed sub-5 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles that possess in vitro efficient radiosensitizing effects at moderate concentration when incubated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (SQ20B). Two main cellular internalization mechanisms were evidenced and quantified: passive diffusion and macropinocytosis. Whereas the amount of particles internalized by passive diffusion is not sufficient to inducein vitro a significant radiosensitizing effect, the cellular uptake by macropinocytosis leads to a successful radiotherapy in a limited range of particles incubation concentration. Macropinocytosis processes in two steps: formation of agglomerates at vicinity of the cell followed by their collect via the lamellipodia (i.e. the "arms") of the cell. The first step is strongly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the particles, especially their zeta potential that determines the size of the agglomerates and their distance from the cell. These results should permit to control the quantity of particles internalized in the cell cytoplasm, promising ambitious opportunities towards a particle-assisted radiotherapy using lower radiation doses

Hydroxy double salts intercalated with Mn(II) complexes as potential contrast agents

A series of Mn(II) aminophosphonate complexes were successfully synthesized and intercalated into the hydroxy double salt [Zn5(OH)8]Cl2·yH2O. Complex incorporation led to an increase in the interlayer spacing from 7.8 to 10–12 Å. Infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of the characteristic vibration peaks of the Mn(II) complexes in the intercalates' spectra, indicating successful incorporation. The complex-loaded composites had somewhat lower proton relaxivities than the pure complexes. Nevertheless, these intercalates may have use as MRI contrast agents for patients with poor kidney function, where traditional Gd(III)-based contrast agents cause severe renal failure

Atividades educativas para o controle da hipertensão arterial na comunidade Nossa Senhora do Carmo em Coronel Fabriciano - Minas Gerais

The municipality of Coronel Fabriciano has an estimated population for 2017 of 110,326 inhabitants in an area of 221,252 km² and is located in the region of the steel valley in the state of Minas Gerais. The health network of the municipality is composed of 13 Units of Primary Health Care and 14 teams of Family Health Strategy. The reference for medium and high complexity are the municipalities of Belo Horizonte and Ipatinga, Governador Valadares, Tarumirim, Bom Jesus do Galho, Muriaé and Sabinópolis. The area covered by the team has 934 families registered in its entirety. The morbidities found in the Basic Health Unit under study were Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia, Stroke and precordial pain. The problem was prioritized in the area of hypertension and its "critical nodes". The problems were categorized according to the importance, urgency and coping capacity of the team. Therefore we intend to draw up a proposal for the development of educational activities for the control of Hypertension in the area covered by the health team location our Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Coronel Fabriciano. We used the situational strategic planning method, making a situational analysis and, from a literature review, makes a description about the theme. It was concluded that the projects "Healthy habits and lifestyles in the square", "The control of hypertension is their responsibility" and "Know more to take care of better" are appropriate for the modification of the habits and lifestyle of hypertensive patients; make patients aware of the risk factors for non-adherence to drug treatment and the benefits of continued drug use; to train health professionals in the reception, care and strengthening of the professional / user relationship, providing them with a positive return on the quality of life and the health system in general. It is expected that the implementation of the plan of action makes it possible to reduce the high rate of hypertension and its consequences in the community.O município de Coronel Fabriciano possui uma população estimada para 2017 de 110.326 habitantes em uma área de 221.252 Km² e localiza-se na região do vale do aço no estado de Minas Gerais. A rede de saúde do município é composta por 13 Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde e 14 equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A referência para a média e alta complexidade são os municípios de Belo Horizonte e Ipatinga, Governador Valadares, Tarumirim, Bom Jesus do Galho, Muriaé e Sabinópolis. A área de abrangência da equipe apresenta 934 famílias cadastradas em sua totalidade. As morbidades encontradas na UBS em estudo foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia, Acidente Vascular Encefálico e dor precordial, sendo o problema priorizado na área de abrangência a hipertensão e seus nós críticos. Os problemas foram hierarquizados de acordo com a importância, urgência e capacidade de enfrentamento da equipe. Portanto pretende-se elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para o desenvolvimento de ações educativas para o controle da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica na área de abrangência equipe de saúde da localidade Nossa Senhora do Carmo em Coronel Fabriciano. Utilizou-se o método de planejamento estratégico situacional, fazendo uma análise situacional e, a partir de revisão de literatura, uma descrição sobre o tema. Concluiu-se que os projetos Hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis na praça, O controle da Hipertensão é de sua responsabilidade e Saber mais para cuidar Melhor sejam apropriadas para a modificação dos hábitos e estilo de vida dos pacientes hipertensos; conscientize os pacientes sobre os fatores de risco da não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e dos benefícios do uso contínuo de medicamentos; capacitem os profissionais da saúde para o acolhimento, atendimento e fortalecimento do vínculo profissional/usuário, proporcionando-lhes um retorno positivo sobre a qualidade de vida e o sistema de saúde em geral. Espera-se que a execução do plano de ações possibilite a redução do alto índice da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e suas consequências na comunidade

Atividades educativas para o controle da hipertensão arterial na comunidade Nossa Senhora do Carmo em Coronel Fabriciano- Minas Gerais

O município de Coronel Fabriciano possui uma população estimada para 2017 de 110.326 habitantes em uma área de 221.252 Km² e localiza-se na região do vale do aço no estado de Minas Gerais. A rede de saúde do município é composta por 13 Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde e 14 equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família. As referências para a média e alta complexidade são os municípios de Belo Horizonte e Ipatinga, Governador Valadares, Tarumirim, Bom Jesus do Galho, Muriaé e Sabinópolis. A área de abrangência da equipe apresenta 934 famílias cadastradas em sua totalidade. As morbidades encontradas na UBS em estudo foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia, Acidente Vascular Encefálico e dor precordial, sendo o problema priorizado na área de abrangência a hipertensão e seus "nós críticos". Os problemas foram hierarquizados de acordo com a importância, urgência e capacidade de enfrentamento da equipe. Portanto pretende-se elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para o desenvolvimento de ações educativas para o controle da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica na área de abrangência equipe de saúde da localidade Nossa Senhora do Carmo em Coronel Fabriciano. Utilizou-se o método de planejamento estratégico situacional, fazendo uma análise situacional e, a partir de revisão de literatura, uma descrição sobre o tema. Concluiu-se que os projetos "Hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis na praça", "O controle da Hipertensão é de sua responsabilidade" e "Saber mais para cuidar Melhor" sejam apropriados para a modificação dos hábitos e estilo de vida dos pacientes hipertensos; para concientizar os pacientes sobre os fatores de risco da não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e quanto aos benefícios do uso contínuo de medicamentos; capacitar os profissionais da saúde no acolhimento, atendimento e fortalecimento do vínculo profissional/usuário, proporcionando-lhes um retorno positivo sobre a qualidade de vida e o sistema de saúde em geral. Espera-se que a execução do plano de ações possibilite a redução do alto índice da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e suas consequências na comunidad

Videojuego para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje de matemática de los estudiantes de primaria en la Institución Educativa Signos de Fe De La Salle Trujillo, 2022

La presente investigación consideró como objetivo general mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje matemático en la institución educativa Signos de Fe de la Salle de Trujillo en el año 2022. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada de grado experimental puro, para el desarrollo del videojuego se utilizó la metodología SUM, la cual cuenta con las siguientes fases: Concepto, Planificación, Elaboración, Beta y Cierre, complementando con la fase de Gestión de Riesgos. Los resultados obtenidos para el grupo experimental fueron, que existe un incremento significativo en el nivel de intervenciones en clase logrando un 40.67% de aumento en comparación a lo evidenciado en el grupo control, también se logró la reducción del tiempo promedio de resolución de problemas en un 63.24% después de la implementación del videojuego, por otro lado se tuvo un gran incremento en el promedio bimestral de los estudiantes en un 18% en comparación a lo evidenciado en el grupo control. Debido a que la muestra fueron los 30 registros relacionados con proceso de aprendizaje matemático en la institución educativa Signos de Fe de la Salle, se empleó la prueba de normalidad Shapiro Wilk para procesar los resultados del grupo control y grupo experimental, y con estos, se usó la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann Whitney y paramétrica T-Student para analizar los indicadores. La investigación se compone en introducción, marco teórico, metodología, resultados, discusión, conclusiones, recomendaciones y, por último, la metodología de desarrollo de videojuego, concluyendo que el uso de un videojuego si mejora el proceso de aprendizaje matemático en la institución educativa Signos de Fe de la Salle de Trujillo en el año 2022

Strategies for Systems Change: Lessons Learned from the Transforming Early Educator Lead Teacher Preparation Programs Through Multi-Partner Innovation Grant Program

In 2021–22, The Collaborative awarded eight grants in support of partnerships between institutions of higher education (IHEs) and states/territories/tribal nations to transform their preparation programs for early educators. To support our grantees in their work, The Collaborative engaged School Readiness Consulting (SRC) to develop a learning community to foster peer learning and collective problem-solving.Two years into this work, The Collaborative and SRC provided grantees with an opportunity to reflect on their experiences through the lens of an overarching question: How have the IHEs and their partners made meaningful, systemic changes to address barriers on their campuses, in their communities, and in the field at large?This report describes the strategies grantees used for systems change, as well as their reflections on next steps and sustainability.Key insights from the report include:Grantees readily leveraged policies, practices, and resources to create immediate and measurable impacts on their institutions and their students. Strategies include centering equity in student recruitment and retention, enhancing coursework offerings and strengthening classes related to culturally relevant practices, and investing in resources driven by the actual needs of their students.In addition, grantees identified strategies to create the conditions needed to maintain progress and enable further changes to best support their students. These strategies include strengthening and creating connections, shifting power dynamics, and changing mental models

Subverting The Narrative: Reconnecting Opportunity Youth

The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations in order to dismantle barriers to a population of students who have often been forgotten and left behind in the dominant structures and paradigms of K-12 education as well as higher education. Opportunity Youth are a population between the ages of 16 and 24 who are no longer in school and are also not currently employed. The majority of this population are People of Color which consequently begs the question: who is served and supported in the K-20 educational system as it currently stands, and who is not (Danziger & Ratner, 2010; United Way King County, 2008)? This paper aims to answer this question through the research of existing structures that cause students to leave education and furthermore, suggest recommendations pertaining to what courses of action can be taken from a systemic level in order to prevent students from leaving education, reach youth who already have, and support youth who want to re-engage the education system again

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de shampoo en barra elaborado a base de aceite de palta (Persea Americana), manteca de cacao (Theobroma Cacao) y aceite de lino (Linum Usitatissimum)

En la presente investigación se evaluó la viabilidad económica, comercial, social, tecnológica y medio ambiental para la instalación de una planta productora de shampoo en barra a base de aceite de palta. En el capítulo I se definen los aspectos generales, determinándose el alcance y objetivos del estudio. En el capítulo II, Estudio de Mercado, se realizó una descripción del producto y se calculó la demanda objetivo la cual fue de 21,326 barras de shampoo. La población objetivo pertenece a los NSE A, B y C, desde los 18 años a más. En el capítulo III: Localización de Planta, se selecciona la localización de planta en base al análisis de ranking de factores para macrolocalización y microlocalización en Perú, resultando seleccionado como lugar Lima centro. En el capítulo IV: Tamaño de Planta, se determina el tamaño óptimo de la planta, para lo cual se consideró como factor concluyente al tamaño – mercado con 21, 326 barras/año. En el capítulo V: Ingeniería del Proyecto, se describe el producto, el proceso productivo, entre otros aspectos técnicos. El cuello de botella de la producción es la operación de segunda mezcla con 2813 barras / año. El área total de la planta es de 270 m2. En el capítulo VI: Organización y Administración, se describe la formación de la organización funcional de la empresa y su naturaleza como Sociedad Anónima Cerrada. En el capítulo VII: Presupuestos y Evaluación del Proyecto, se analiza la parte económica financiera del proyecto, calculando ciertos indicadores como el VAN y TIR con resultados de S/. 59,350.67 y 14.49%. Se validó que el VAN es mayor a cero, lo que significa que el proyecto dará una buena rentabilidad, mientras que el TIR siendo mayor que el COK (9.98%) y el CPPC (8.99%), indica que el proyecto es viable. Por último, en el capítulo VIII: Evaluación Social, se determina el impacto social y beneficios generados por el proyecto mediante indicadores sociales.This study evaluated the economic, commercial, social, technological and environmental feasibility of installing an avocado oil-based shampoo bar production plant. Chapter I defines the general aspects, determining the scope and objectives of the study. In Chapter II, Market Study, a description of the product was made and the target demand was calculated, which was 21,326 shampoo bars. The target population belongs to the NSE A, B and C, from 18 years of age and older. In Chapter III: Plant Location, the plant location was selected based on the analysis of the ranking of factors for macro and micro locations in Peru, resulting in the selection of Lima as the central Lima location. In Chapter IV: Plant Size, the optimum size of the plant is determined, for which the size - market with 21,326 bars/year was considered as the conclusive factor. Chapter V: Project Engineering describes the product, the production process, among other technical aspects. The production bottleneck is the second mix operation with 2,813 bars/year. The total area of the plant is 270 m2. Chapter VI: Organization and Administration describes the formation of the company's functional organization and its nature as a closed corporation. In Chapter VII: Budgets and Project Evaluation, the economic-financial part of the project is analyzed, calculating certain indicators such as NPV and IRR with results of S/. 59,350.67 and 14.49%. It was validated that the NPV is greater than zero, which means that the project will give a good profitability, while the IRR being greater than the COK (9.98%) and the CPPC (8.99%), indicates that the project is viable. Finally, in Chapter VIII: Social Evaluation, the social impact and benefits generated by the project are determined through social indicators

Nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. año 2017

RESUMEN El principal objetivo de esta investigación es diagnosticar el nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. del año 2017, ubicada en el departamento de Cajamarca; este estudio se enmarca dentro de una investigación no experimental, transversal, correlacional simple. Por medio de la observación, investigación bibliográfica y la evaluación que se ha establecido la relación de las variables; los datos estadísticos que sostienen esta investigación, vienen de los resultados obtenidos por la aplicación de instrumentos de recolección de datos, como fueron fichas de observación sobre los niveles de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C., año 2017; así mismo, con la búsqueda de información y el procesamiento de los datos recopilados con los instrumentos mencionados, se logró verificar la hipótesis planteada. Al determinar el nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad, se observó que el nivel de cumplimiento es regular con 40.59%. Se concluyó que el incumplimiento de los requisitos establecidos en cada uno de los procedimientos; influyen indirectamente en la morosidad de la empresa, esto debido a que si se mejora el nivel de cumplimiento, disminuirá la morosidad. En tal sentido, se recomienda mejorar el manejo de la evaluación de los créditos a los clientes, de acuerdo a sus procesos establecidos. Palabras Claves: Control Interno, Ventas al Crédito, Morosidad.ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to diagnose the level of compliance of the processes of internal control of sales credit and its impact on the slowness of Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. Company of the year 2017, located in the Department of Cajamarca; this study is part of a simple non-experimental, cross, correlational research. Through observation, bibliographic research and evaluation that has been established the relationship of the variables; statistical data supporting this research, come from the results obtained by the application of data collection instruments, as they were tokens of observation on the levels of compliance with internal control of sales processes to the credit and its impact on the slowness of Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. company, year 2017; Likewise, with the search for information and the processing of data collected with the mentioned instruments, was accomplished to verify the hypothesis. To determine the level of compliance of the processes of internal control of sales credit and its impact on delinquency, it was observed that compliance level is regular with 40.59%. It was concluded that failure to comply with the requirements established by each of the procedures; they indirectly influence in non-performing loans of the company, because that improves the level of compliance will diminish late payment. In this regard, it is recommended to improve the management of evaluation of loans to customers, according to their established processes. Key words: Internal Control, sales to credit, non-performing loans

Nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. año 2017

RESUMEN El principal objetivo de esta investigación es diagnosticar el nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. del año 2017, ubicada en el departamento de Cajamarca; este estudio se enmarca dentro de una investigación no experimental, transversal, correlacional simple. Por medio de la observación, investigación bibliográfica y la evaluación que se ha establecido la relación de las variables; los datos estadísticos que sostienen esta investigación, vienen de los resultados obtenidos por la aplicación de instrumentos de recolección de datos, como fueron fichas de observación sobre los niveles de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad de la empresa Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C., año 2017; así mismo, con la búsqueda de información y el procesamiento de los datos recopilados con los instrumentos mencionados, se logró verificar la hipótesis planteada. Al determinar el nivel de cumplimiento de los procesos de control interno de las ventas al crédito y su incidencia en la morosidad, se observó que el nivel de cumplimiento es regular con 40.59%. Se concluyó que el incumplimiento de los requisitos establecidos en cada uno de los procedimientos; influyen indirectamente en la morosidad de la empresa, esto debido a que si se mejora el nivel de cumplimiento, disminuirá la morosidad. En tal sentido, se recomienda mejorar el manejo de la evaluación de los créditos a los clientes, de acuerdo a sus procesos establecidos. Palabras Claves: Control Interno, Ventas al Crédito, Morosidad.ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to diagnose the level of compliance of the processes of internal control of sales credit and its impact on the slowness of Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. Company of the year 2017, located in the Department of Cajamarca; this study is part of a simple non-experimental, cross, correlational research. Through observation, bibliographic research and evaluation that has been established the relationship of the variables; statistical data supporting this research, come from the results obtained by the application of data collection instruments, as they were tokens of observation on the levels of compliance with internal control of sales processes to the credit and its impact on the slowness of Autonort Cajamarca S.A.C. company, year 2017; Likewise, with the search for information and the processing of data collected with the mentioned instruments, was accomplished to verify the hypothesis. To determine the level of compliance of the processes of internal control of sales credit and its impact on delinquency, it was observed that compliance level is regular with 40.59%. It was concluded that failure to comply with the requirements established by each of the procedures; they indirectly influence in non-performing loans of the company, because that improves the level of compliance will diminish late payment. In this regard, it is recommended to improve the management of evaluation of loans to customers, according to their established processes. Key words: Internal Control, sales to credit, non-performing loans