Translation of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, Form C in Patients with Headache

The MHLC-C is a condition-specific instrument measuring the internal and external loci of control beliefs, adaptable to various health conditions. Translated into Swedish and Chinese, this study aims to translate the MHLC-C into German using the FACID-Method. The English version is validated and reliable; the German version requires these validation steps

Effect evaluation of a tele-neurologic intervention in primary care in a rural area in Germany—the NeTKoH study protocol of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

Background Neurological disorders account for a large and increasing proportion of the global burden of disease. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the management of neurologic care, particularly in rural areas. The use of tele-neurology in primary care in rural areas is internationally considered to have the potential to increase access to health care services and improve the quality of care in these underserved areas. NeTKoH aims to address the existing knowledge gap regarding the effects of a tele-neurologic intervention in primary care under real-world conditions in a rural area in Germany. Methods NeTKoH is a cluster-randomized controlled trial with a stepped-wedge design involving 33 outpatient general practitioner's (GP) offices (clusters) in a rural area in Northeast Germany. During 11 predetermined steps, all clusters are randomized before they cross over into groups from the control to the intervention arm. The targeted sample size is 1,089 patients with neurologic symptoms that are continuously being recruited. In the intervention arm, tele-neurologic consultations will be provided via a face-to-face video conferencing system with a neurologic expert at a university hospital. The control arm will receive usual care. The primary outcome is the proportion of neurologic problems being solved at the GP's office. Secondary outcomes will comprise hospital stays and days, time until neurologic specialist appointments and diagnostics, patients' health status and quality of life, outpatient and inpatient referrals.A concurrent observational study, together with a process, implementation, and health economic evaluation, will also be conducted. Discussion Using a stepped-wedge cluster design in a real-life situation can help with logistic challenges and enhance the motivation of the participating GPs, as all, at some point, will be in the intervention phase. With the additional implementation evaluation pertaining to external validity, an observational study, and a health economic evaluation, NeTKoH will be able to provide an extensive evaluation for health policy decision-makers regarding the uptake into standard care

Acute neurological care in north-east Germany with telemedicine support (ANNOTeM): protocol of a multi-center, controlled, open-label, two-arm intervention study

Background: Both diagnosis and treatment of neurological emergencies require neurological expertise and are time-sensitive. The lack of fast neurological expertise in regions with underserved infrastructure poses a major barrier for state-of-the-art care of patients with acute neurological diseases and leads to disparity in provision of health care. The main purpose of ANNOTeM (acute neurological care in North East Germany with telemedicine support) is to establish effective and sustainable support structures for evidence based treatments for stroke and other neurological emergencies and to improve outcome for acute neurological diseases in these rural regions. Methods: A “hub-and-spoke” network structure was implemented connecting three academic neurological centres (“hubs”) and rural hospitals (“spokes”) caring for neurological emergencies. The network structure includes (1) the establishment of a 24/7 telemedicine consultation service, (2) the implementation of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) in the network hospitals, (3) a multiprofessional training scheme, and (4) a quality management program. Data from three major health insurance companies as well as data from the quality management program are being collected and evaluated. Primary outcome is the composite of first time of receiving paid outpatient nursing care, first time of receiving care in a nursing home, or death within 90 days after hospital admission. Discussion: Beyond stroke only few studies have assessed the effects of telemedically supported networks on diagnosis and outcome of neurological emergencies. ANNOTeM will provide information whether this approach leads to improved outcome. In addition, a health economic analysis will be performed. Study registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00013067, date of registration: November 16 th, 2017, URL: http://www.drks.de/DRKS0001306

A Managed Care System with Telemedicine Support for Neurological Emergencies

Objectives: Telemedicine is frequently used to provide remote neurological expertise for acute stroke workup and was associated with better functional outcomes when combined with a stroke unit system-of-care. We investigated whether such system-of-care yields additional benefits when implemented on top of neurological competence already available onsite. Methods: Quality improvement measures were implemented within a "hub-and-spoke" teleneurology network in 11 hospitals already provided with onsite or telestroke expertise. Measures included dedicated units for neurological emergencies, standardization of procedures, multiprofessional training, and quality-of-care monitoring. Intervention effects were investigated in a controlled study enrolling patients insured at 3 participating statutory health insurances diagnosed with acute stroke or other neurological emergencies. Outcomes during the intervention period between November 2017 and February 2020 were compared with those pre-intervention between October 2014 and March 2017. To control for temporal trends, we compared outcomes of patients with respective diagnoses in 11 hospitals of the same region. Primary outcome was the composite of up-to-90-day death, new disability with the need of ambulatory or nursing home care, expressed by adjusted hazard ratio (aHR). Results: We included 1,418 patients post-implementation (55% female, mean age 76.7 +/- 12.8 year) and 2,306 patients pre-implementation (56%, 75.8 +/- 13.0 year, respectively). The primary outcome occurred in 479/1,418 (33.8%) patients post-implementation and in 829/2,306 (35.9%) pre-implementation. The aHR for the primary outcome was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.99, p = 0.04) with no improvement seen in non-participating hospitals between post- versus pre-implementation periods (aHR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95-1.15). Interpretation: Implementation of a multicomponent system-of-care was associated with a lower risk of poor outcomes

Perfusions-CT und CT-Angiographie als Prädiktor des neurologischen Outcome nach intraarterieller Thrombolyse bei akuten ischämischen Schlaganfällen im anterioren Stromgebiet

In der akuten Schlaganfallbehandlung nehmen die endovaskulären Revaskularisationsverfahren, insbesondere die intraarterielle Thrombolyse, einen wachsenden Stellenwert ein. Grundlage dafür ist die zentrumsspezifische Sicherheit und Durchführbarkeit, wobei nach den Zertifizierungskriterien der Deutschen Schlaganfallgesellschaft die intraarterielle Thrombolyse nur in zertifizierten überregionalen Stroke Units erfolgen sollte. Weiterhin existieren nur wenige Selektionsparameter zur Abschätzung des Risikos der intrakraniellen Blutung als wichtigste Komplikation gegenüber dem potenziellen Benefit der Behandlung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war 1. die Etablierung eines klinisch praktikablen Protokolls zur Entscheidung für eine intravenöse oder intraarterielle Thrombolyse sowie die systematische Untersuchung der zentrumsspezifischen Sicherheit und Durchführkeit der intraarteriellen Thrombolyse; 2. die Untersuchung des Einflusses der bekannten klinischen und radiologischen Faktoren, wie Zeit bis zur Thrombolyse oder Rekanalisation im vorliegenden Patientenkollektiv auf das neurologische Outcome; und 3. die Untersuchung der Perfusions-CT und der CT-Angiographie als Grundlage für weitere mögliche Selektionsparameter zur intraarteriellen Thrombolyse. Zwischen 02/2006 und 12/2008 konnten 26 Patienten eingeschlossen werden. Ein Patient verstarb innerhalb von 90 Tagen nach Schlaganfall aufgrund eines erneuten cerebrovaskulären Ereignisses. Die Rate der symptomatischen und asymptomatischen intrakraniellen Blutungen (8% bzw 8%) sowie die Rate der periprozeduralen Komplikationen sind trotz der eingeschränkten Vergleichbarkeit mit der Literatur als gleichwertig zu bewerten. Die Effektivitätsparameter Zeit bis Thombolyse (Durchschnitt +/- Standardabweichung: 4,03 ± 1,2), Rekanalisationsrate (73%) sowie das Ausmaß des guten funktionellen Outcome 90 Tage nach Schlaganfall (mRS <=2; 58%) sind ähnlich oder teilweise sogar besser als die in der Literatur veröffentlichen Ergebnisse für die intraarterielle und intravenöse Thrombolyse. Somit ist die intraarterielle Thrombolyse in dieser Studie als sicher und effektiv zu bewerten. Die Zeit bis zur Thrombolyse zeigte sich nicht signifikant mit dem neurologischen Outcome assoziiert, jedoch ergab sich ein Trend zu schlechterem Outcome mit größerer zeitlicher Latenz zwischen Symptom- und Therapiebeginn. Weiterhin konnte die Rekanalisaton als Prädiktor für das neurologische Outcome und die Infarktgröße bestätigt werden. Der prädiktive Wert des Ausmaßes der Kollateralen in der CT-Angiographie mittels eines von Tan et al. entwickelten Score für das finale Infarktvolumen konnte in diesem homogenen, hochselektionieren Patientengut bestätigt werden. Das Ausmaß der Kollateralen als ein neuer Selektionsparameter für die Thrombolyse sollte weiter detailiert untersucht werden. Weiterhin konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass mittels Perfusions-CT auf das kurzfristige Outcome mittels NIHSS zwischen Aufnahme und Entlassung geschlossen werden kann. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass der im Rahmen dieser Studie entwickelte Auswertealgorithmus der relativen Perfusions-CT-Parameter und der schon verwendete Algorithmus der ASPECTS-Perfusion, bezüglich der Vorhersagekraft des cerebralen Blutvolumens (CBV) gleichwertig sind, jedoch die relativen Perfusions-Parameter eine wesentliche bessere Interrater-Reliabiltät aufweisen. Bezüglich des cerebralen Blutflusses (CBF) ergab sich nach dem ASPECTS-Perfusions-Algorithmus keine Assoziation mit dem neurologischen Outcome. Bei den relativen Perfusionsparametern erreichte jedoch das CBF eine dem CBV vergleichbare Vorhersagefähigkeit gepaart mit einer besseren Interrater-Reliabilität als das CBV. Das aktuell weit verbreitete visuelle Abschätzen der Größe des tissue at risk zeigte weder eine Assoziation zum neurologischen Outcome nach intraarterieller Thrombolyse noch eine gute Interratervariabilität.In the acute treatment of stroke endovascular revascularization procedures in particular intra-arterial thrombolysis are of increasing importance. This is based on the center -specific safety and feasibility. Furthermore, there are only a few selection parameters to assess the risk of intracranial hemorrhage as the main complication compared to the potential benefit of treatment. The aim of this work was firstly the establishment of a clinically feasible protocol for decision-making for intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis , and the systematic study of the center -specific safety and feasibility of intra-arterial thrombolysis; secondly to study the influence of the known clinical and radiological factors, such as time to thrombolysis or recanalization on neurological outcome ; third to study the role of CT perfusion and CT angiography for further possible selection parameters for intra- arterial thrombolysis. Between 02 /2006 and 12/2008 26 patients were included. One patient died within 90 days after stroke due to a new cerebrovascular event. The rate of symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (8 % and 8 %) and the rate of periprocedural complications are despite the limited comparability equivalent with the literature. Efficacy parameters as time to thrombolysis (mean + / - standard deviation: 4.03 ± 1.2), recanalization rate (73 %) and the extent of good functional outcome 90 days after stroke onset (mRS < = 2, 58 %) are similar or partially even better than the results published in the literature for intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis. Thus intra-arterial thrombolysis in this study should be regarded as safe and effective. Time to thrombolysis was not significantly associated with neurologic outcome, but there was a trend towards worse outcome with greater temporal latency between symptom and initiation of therapy. Furthermore, recanalisaton was confirmed as a predictor of neurological outcome and infarct size. The predictive value of the extent of collateral vessels in CT angiography using a score from Tan et al. for the final infarct volume was confirmed in this homogeneous, highly selected patient cohort. The extent of collaterals as a new parameter selection for thrombolysis should be further investigated in larger trials. Furthermore it could be shown that is a predictive value of perfusion CT parameters for short term outcome between admission and discharge assessed by NIHSS. The results demonstrated that the new algorithm of relative perfusion CT parameters and the algorithm of ASPECTS perfusion which has already been used in the literature, are equivalent with respect to the predictive power of the cerebral blood volume (CBV), but relative perfusion parameters showed a significant better interrater reliability. There was no association of cerebral blood flow (CBF) according to ASPECTS algorithm with neurological outcome. However, CBF according to relative perfusion parameters showed a similar predictive ability as CBV and in addition a better interrater reliability than CBV. The current widely used visual estimation of the tissue at risk showed neither an association with neurological outcome after intra-arterial thrombolysis nor a good interrater reliability

Reliability of a telephone interview for the classification of headache disorders

Objective: The study aimed to test the reliability of a semi-structured telephone interview for the classification of headache disorders according to the ICHD-3. Background: Questionnaire-based screening tools are often optimized for single primary headache diagnoses [e.g., migraine (MIG) and tension headache (TTH)] and therefore insufficiently represent the diagnostic precision of the ICHD-3, which limits epidemiological research of rare headache disorders. Brief semi-structured telephone interviews could be an effective alternative to improve classification. Methods: A patient population representative of different primary and secondary headache disorders (n = 60) was recruited from the outpatient clinic (HSA) of a tertiary care headache center. These patients completed an established population-based questionnaire for the classification of MIG, TTH, or trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC). In addition, they received a semi-structured telephone interview call from three blinded headache specialists individually. The agreement of diagnoses made either using the questionnaires or interviews with the HSA diagnoses was evaluated. Results: Of the 59 patients (n = 1 dropout), 24% had a second-order and 5% had a third-order headache disorder. The main diagnoses were as follows: frequent primary headaches with 61% MIG, 10% TAC, 9% TTH, and 5% rare primary and 16% secondary headaches. Second-order diagnosis was chronic migraine throughout, and third-order diagnoses were medication overuse headache and TTH. Agreement between main headaches from the HSA was significantly better for the telephone interview than for the questionnaire (questionnaire: κ = 0.330; interview: κ = 0.822; p < 0.001). Second-order diagnoses were not adequately captured by questionnaires, while there was a trend for good agreement with the telephone interview (κ = 0.433; p = 0.074). Headache frequency and psychiatric comorbidities were independent predictors of HSA and telephone interview agreement. Male sex, headache frequency, severity, and depressive disorders were independently predictive for agreement between the questionnaire and HSA. The telephone interview showed high sensitivity (≥71%) and specificity (≥92%) for all primary headache disorders, whereas the questionnaire was below 50% in either sensitivity or specificity. Conclusion: The semi-structured telephone interview appears to be a more reliable tool for accurate diagnosis of headache disorders than self-report questionnaires. This offers the potential to improve epidemiological headache research and care even in underserved areas

Translation and validation of an extended German version of ID MigraineTM as a migraine screening tool

Abstract Background and purpose:Diagnosing a patient with headache as a migraineur is critical for state-of-the-art migrainemanagement. Screening tools are imperative means to improve the diagnostic yield in the primary care settings andspecialized clinics. This study aims to translate and assess the diagnostic accuracy of a German version of theID Migraine™as a widely used and efficient screening instrument. Methods: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation methodology was used to translate theoriginal three-itemID Migraine™, including a fourth question for aura, from the English language into the German language.Diagnostic accuracy of the GermanID Migraine™and predictors of false screening results were assessed among patientspresenting to a headache outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center in Germany over a 6-month period. Results: The translation procedure yielded a harmonized GermanID Migraine™and its diagnostic accuracy was assessedin 105 patients (80 female, 46.5+17.2 years of age), including 79 patients (75.2%) with migraine. The three-item GermanID Migraine™provides a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 68%, and positive and negative predictive values of 90% and 95%,respectively, using a cutoff of� 2. Positive and negative predictive values in a general headache population are estimated tobe 74% and 98%, respectively. The aura question identified 18 out of 20 migraineurs with aura. Conclusions: The GermanID Migraine™is an accurate screening tool for migraine even in a challenging population of aspecialized outpatient clinic. Its diagnostic accuracy indicates a potential utility for screening in primary health care