Aspectos epidemiológicos dos pólipos e lesões plano-elevadas colorretais Epidemiological aspects of colorectal polyps and flat adenomas

INTRODUÇÃO: Os pólipos e as lesões plano-elevadas colorretais são importantes na prevenção do câncer colorretal pelo risco de malignização dos adenomas. OBJETIVO: traçar o perfil demográfico dos pacientes com diagnóstico endoscópico de pólipos e/ou lesões plano-elevadas colorretais no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e Torres Centro Médico. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 6.919 prontuários de 2002 a 2007, enfatizando-se as variáveis: idade, gênero, procedência e indicação; número, tamanho, morfologia, histologia, grau de displasia, topografia, lesões sincrônicas e metacrônicas, e diagnósticos associados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas 1.031 (13,51%) lesões em 935 exames, correspondendo a 826 pacientes, 46% masculino e 54% feminino. A idade variou de 3 a 96 anos, com média de 53,64. A distribuição topográfica mais frequente das lesões polipoides foi em reto e sigmoide (58,40%). As lesões eram sésseis em 52,80%, pediculadas em 27,90% e plano-elevadas em 19,30% dos casos. Ocorreram lesões sincrônicas em 23,48% e metacrônicas em 30,10% dos pacientes. Histologicamente, 43,36% eram adenomas, sendo 85,70% tubulares, 9,60% tubulo-vilosos e 4,70% vilosos; 30,64% eram pólipos hiperplásicos, 15,80% inflamatórios e 10,20% possuíam outros tipos histológicos. Os adenomas apresentavam displasia de baixo grau em 83,40% dos casos e alto grau em 16,60%. Sete eram adenocarcinomas, um carcinoide e um tumor gastrointestinal estromal. CONCLUSÕES: A colonoscopia e a polipectomia são importantes no diagnóstico e prevenção do câncer colorretal.<br>INTRODUCTION: Colorectal polyps and flat injuries are important for the prevention of colorectal cancer due to the malignancy of adenomas. OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic profile of patients with endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal polyps and/or flat injuries at University Hospital of Universidade Federal de Sergipe and Torres Medical Center. METHODS: A total of 6,919 records were evaluated from January 2002 to December 2007 with respect to the following variables: age, gender, origin, indication; injury evaluation os number, size, morphology, histology, dysplasia degree, topography; synchronics and metachronics injuries and associated diagnoses. RESULTS: 1,031(13.51%) colorectal polyps and flat injuries were found in 935 tests, accounting for 826 patients, 46% males and 54% females. The age ranged from 3 to 96 years with average of 53.64. The most frequent topographic distribution of polypoid injuries were rectum and sigmoid (58.40%). The injuries were sessile in 52.80% of the cases, pedicle in 27.90%, and flat injuries in 19.30%. There were synchronical injuries in 23.48% of patients and metachronic in 22 patients. Histologically, 43.36% were adenomas, being 85.70% tubular, 9.60% tubulovillous and 4.70% villous; hyperplastic polyps were found in 30.64% of the cases, inflammatory in 15.80% and 10.20% presented other histological types. The adenomas showed low-grade dysplasia in 83.40% and high degree in 16.60% of the patients. Seven were adenoma-carcinomas, one was carcinoid and one was gastrointestinal stromal tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The colonoscopy and polypectomy are important in diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer

Is the Distal Hyperplastic Polyp a Marker for Proximal Neoplasia?: A Systematic Review

CONTEXT: The current literature is unclear about the association between distal hyperplastic polyps and synchronous neoplasia (adenomatous polyps and cancer) in the proximal colon. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps. DATA SOURCES: Database searches (medline and embase from 1966 to 2001) and manual search of the bibliographies of included and excluded studies, case reports, editorials, review articles, and textbooks of Gastroenterology. STUDY SELECTION: Studies describing the prevalence of proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps. DATA EXTRACTION: Demographics, clinical variables, study design, and prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with various distal colorectal findings. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 18 included studies, 12 involved asymptomatic individuals in which the pooled absolute risk of any proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps was 25% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21% to 29%). In 4 studies where colonoscopy was performed irrespective of distal findings, the absolute risk was 21% (95% CI, 14% to 28%). The relative risk of finding any proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.8) compared to those with no distal polyps. Among 6 studies of patients with symptoms or risk factors for neoplasia, the absolute risk of proximal neoplasia was 35% (95% CI, 32% to 39%) in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps. In 2 studies of screening colonoscopy, advanced proximal neoplasia (cancer, or a polyp with villous histology or severe dysplasia, or a tubular adenoma ≥1 cm) was present in 4% to 5% of persons with distal hyperplastic polyps, which was 1.5 to 2.6 times greater than in those with no distal polyps. CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic persons, a distal hyperplastic polyp is associated with a 21% to 25% risk for any proximal neoplasia and a 4% to 5% risk of advanced proximal neoplasia, and may justify examination of the proximal colon. Further study is needed to determine the risk of advanced proximal neoplasia associated with size and number of distal hyperplastic polyps