Imbursement Array in Dental Practice Management A Review

Dentistry is a dignified healthcare profession but due to transient transformation in dental practice, dentistry has reached to its peak level. The main barrier to cater the dental services throughout all area including rural and urban is financial which has to be removed. Thus, to maintain the glory of the profession and to reach the people at their doorsteps, proper practice management of finance in terms of payment is very important. We present a review on imbursement array in dental practice management which was obtained from the literature search of published articles, online manuals and books

The changing trend of alloimmunization in antenatal females: experience from a tertiary care centre in north-western India

Background: Haemolytic disease of the foetus and new-born (HDFN) is a major concern during the antenatal period, especially in countries with low human development index (HDI). The guidelines for antenatal screening and management significantly vary from one geographical region to another. Since the introduction of RhIG immunoprophylaxis, the incidence of HDFN caused by alloimmunization to D antigen has markedly reduced, while that caused by other minor blood group antigens has not been addressed significantly and needs to be given due consideration.Methods: The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of alloimmunization and analyse various factors associated with HDFN in north-western India. A total of 1700 antenatal cases were evaluated over a period of 20 months, antibody screening and identification was performed on their samples and results were analysed.Results: Out of the 1700 cases, 21 were detected to have the presence of an alloantibody with a prevalence of 1.24%. Out of these, 11 were Rh (D) negative while the remaining 10 were Rh (D) positive. The rate for alloimmunization was higher in females who had a history of blood transfusion (1.24%), bad obstetric history (1.24%), and multigravida status (1.24%).Conclusions: Screening all pregnant females for alloimmunization to RBC antigens, irrespective of their Rh status will help in minimizing the incidence of the HDFN. The practice of providing partial phenotype matched blood to the females of the childbearing age group should be encouraged to reduce the overall incidence of alloimmunization and HDFN

Extraction and Analysis of Acephate from Soil and Water Samples by using SOLLE and LLE with Thin Layer Chromatography, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Gas Chromatography.

Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that has been used to control a wide range of pests, including insects, mites, and nematodes. It is commonly used in agricultural settings, as well as for residential and commercial pest control. In water, acephate can undergo degradation through hydrolysis, particularly under alkaline conditions. The half-life of acephate in water can range from a few days to several weeks, depending on factors such as pH and temperature. After degradation, the primary breakdown product is methamidophos, which can also exhibit toxicity to aquatic organisms. In soil, acephate can undergo various processes, including degradation, adsorption, and leaching. The persistence of acephate in soil depends on factors such as soil type, organic matter content, pH, and microbial activity. In general, acephate has a moderate to high potential for adsorption to soil particles, which can reduce its mobility and availability for degradation. The half-life of acephate in soil can range from a few weeks to several months.A rapid and highly sensitive UV-visible Spectrophotometer were used for the qualitative analysis of Acephate in soil and water. A solution of 500ppm Acephate powder was spiked in soil and water. The analyte was extracted using Sugaring/Salting Out Liquid Liquid Extraction (SOLLE) and Liquid Liquid Extraction (LLE). The solvent used for SOLLE method was Acetonitrile, Hexane and Acetone for LLE. The extract were analysed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography. Thin Layer chromatography was performed to find the best solvent system for Acephate. Gas Chromatography and UV-Visible spectrophotometer were used for quantification

Review on Long Range Solar Power Spy Robot

A Spy robot is a machine which can be controlled by the cell phone. The cell phone has twelve buttons to control the robot in four directions and also to perform other functionalities. This spy robot holding four technologies together, they are- Human Motion Detection using Passive Infrared Sensor, Metal Detection, Night Vision Wireless Camera and LED Flasher. PIR sensor detects the changes in the IR levels emitted by the humans. It can detect the levels of Infrared Radiations. Robot motion, Metal Detection, Night Vision Wireless Camera and LED Flasher is done by DTMF Technology. The system used two mobile phones, one to control the robot that sends DTMF commands via call to another mobile phone mounted on the robot vehicle. A DTMF decoder, metal detector and LED Flasher are interfaced with the microcontroller of 8051 family.

Review on Wireless Controlled Spy Robot

A spy robot is a combination of embedded systems to achieve the motive of surveillance, security and safety for the benefits of mankind. As the evolution of miniaturization of electronics components leads to development of electronic industry, it gives rise to the idea of creating a machine which is capable of performing tons of activities on place of human being more accurately and efficiently also consuming lesser time. One type of these machines is known as ‘robot’. Spy robots have the capabilities of moving around their environment and perform the specific tasks for which it has been created or in other words programmed. It can be controlled manually as well as automatically. With the development of electronic industry the scope of robotics also rises. Many types of robots have been introduced using embedded technology to perform different tasks

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Pattern of Nutritional status in Node Negative versus Node Positive Head and Neck Cancer patients undergoing treatment - a prospective cohort study

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to study the nutritional profile of node negative and node positive patients undergoing treatment for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Patients diagnosed with HNSCC, planned for treatment were enrolled after written informed consent. In Node negative(N0) and Node positive(N+) cohorts of patients, nutritional status was determined using- anthropometric measures and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale pre-treatment, during and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, p value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results 161 patients were analyses, 73 N0 and 88 N+ cohorts. Pre-treatment, 9.6 to 20.4% patients in N0 and 23.9 to 32.8% patients in N+ cohorts were malnourished. Incidence of malnutrition at completion of treatment was 40.8–52.5% overall, 20.5–41.1% N0, 39.5–62.8% N+. Mean reduction in weight (11.1% ±7.82 v/s 6.26% ±8.3, p=0.000), mean reduction in BMI (2.57 ±1.87 v/s 1.29 ±1.62, p=0.000), median reduction in MUAC (2cm v/s 1cm, p=0.000) and median increase in SGA score were higher (13 v/s 6, p=0.000) in multi-modality as compared to single modality treatment. Similar findings were noted in N0 and N+ cohorts. Conclusion As compared to N0, N+ patients had higher burden of malnutrition at diagnosis, more worsening of nutritional parameters during treatment. More decline in Nutritional status was seen in patients receiving multi-modality as compared to single modality treatment.</jats:p