The Nonanalytic Influence of Memory on Product Placement Consequences

In these studies, fluency-based perceptual processing was found to nonanalytically influenced participants' brand choice ratings after viewing brands during a product placement. Despite manipulating engagement and the activation of persuasion knowledge, which altered the deliberate assessment of the brand, brand choice ratings were guided by the nonanalytic influence of memory. [to cite]

Understanding the barriers to uptake of Property Flood Resilience (PFR) in Scotland

This research supports efforts to increase the uptake of Property Flood Resilience (PFR) measures in Scotland by: 1. exploring the reasons why people do not install PFR measures, using in-depth interviews with home and business owners who have been flooded; and 2. identifying what would help encourage owners to make resilient changes to their properties using lessons from Scotland, the UK and internationally, and across other disciplines, for example energy efficiency. Property owners interviewed for the study had minimal awareness of their flood risk prior to being flooded. Even when participants were aware of their property’s flood risk, from first-hand experience or information after they moved in, they struggled to accept it as an ongoing risk. The report uses a Theory of Change approach to illustrate the journey home and business owners need to go on to become fully resilient to flooding, and focuses on overcoming the lack of awareness and sense of responsibility as a priority. It identifies two priorities: Firstly, there is a clear need for general awareness raising pre-flood in areas at risk to shift attitudes towards greater risk awareness and risk acceptance. Secondly, this should be combined with a targeted communication campaign and signposting to help and inform at the crisis stage immediately after a flood. In addition a number of recommendations are made empower communities, and to create an environment around property owners that make uptake of PFR measures the easy choice. The need for information and support will increase as climate change increases the number of properties at risk of flooding in Scotland

Characteristics of an insert product placement as a part of marketing communication

The paper defined saturation of an insert product placement as a part of marketing communication. Product placement is known as a modern tool of marketing communication and so that product placement and its types and forms are not so casual used in the Czech Republic as in other parts of the world. The mentioned issues are explained from the perspectives of three groups: TV studios experts, directors and producers and other experts (media agencies and advertisers). Types and forms of this marketing communication tool as well as options of its utilization are also mentioned in the paper. The Czech Republic market where product placement occurs is very small - only few television companies. The primary aim of the paper is to identify the intensity of two essential areas expressing product placement using - natural (non-invasive) insert and contrived (invasive) insert. Moreover, conflicting interests of the interested parties (advertiser - ordering party, producer and television) are observed in the paper too. The last issue discussed in this paper is to what extent the degree of product placement implementation can affect the script and what impact on quality and specifics of an audiovisual work can this script modification have. © 2014 , Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. All rights reserved

The historiography of the military strategical aspects of the American War of Independence

ASV Neatkarības kara laikā Džordža Vašingtona īstenotā kara stratēģija, kas lielākoties izpaudās caur defensīvu karadarbību, tiek uzskatīta par galveno apstākli tam, kādēļ Lielbritānijai neizdevās apspiest revolūciju Ziemeļamerikas kontinentā. Kaut gan no otras puses britu karaspēkam izdevās ieņemt visas lielākās Amerikas pilsētas un noturēt stratēģisko iniciatīvu uz gandrīz visu karadarbības periodu. Līdz ar to bakalaura darba mērķis ir noskaidrot kā vēstures literatūrā tiek vērtētas britu un amerikāņu piekoptās stratēģijas un cik ļoti tās ietekmēja Neatkarības kara iznākumu. Apskatot dažādu autoru viedokļus, tika secināts, ka vairums vēsturnieku piekrīt koncepcijai, ka karadarbības rezultātu lielā mērā izšķīra britu armijas nespēja koordinēt savas stratēģiskās ieceres vienotā virzienā, ko galvenokārt ietekmēja pastāvīgā britu virspavēlniecības sašķeltība vadošo komandieru starpā.During the American War of Independence the strategy carried out by George Washington, which mostly manifested itself through a defensive warfare, is considered to be the main circumstance of the reason why Great Britain failed to suppress the Revolution in North America. While on the other hand the British army succeeded in taking all the largest American cities and holding the strategical initiative throughout most of the war period. Thus the objective of the bachelor’s thesis is to determine how the British and American strategies influenced the outcome of the Revolutionary War and how they are estimated in the historical literature. Examining the views of different writers, it was concluded that the majority of historians agree to the conception that the result of the warfare, which was mainly affected by a continuous dividedness among the top British commanders, was widely decided by the inability of the British army to coordinate its strategical intentions in a joint direction

The Extradition of German Inhabitants from Eastern Prussia (1944–1949): the reasons, process, motivation

Bakalaura darbs veltīts bijušās Austrumprūsijas likvidācijai, atdalot to no Vācijas, teritorijas sadalei Polijas – PSRS starpā un vācu tautības iedzīvotāju izraidīšanai. Darbā aplūkotas: 1)politiskās norises, kuras bija par priekšnosacījumu Austrumprūsijas nonākšanai kaimiņu valstu pastiprinātas uzmanības lokā; 2)šo tendenču pastiprināšanās 2. pasaules kara laikā; 3)Polijas un PSRS motivācija vācu tautības iedzīvotāju izraidīšanai; 4)rietumu sabiedroto loma minētajos vēsturiskajos procesos; 5)izraidīšanas norise, tās atšķirības Polijas un PSRS pārvaldē nonākušajos apgabalos. Darbā izteiktie spriedumi un secinājumi pamatoti, balstoties uz publicētiem dokumentiem un zinātnisko literatūru.The work is devoted to East Prussian liquidation - partition it from the Germany, distribution of the territory between USSR and Poland and German population outlawry. At the work are regarded following up matters: 1.political events which cause a situation when the East Prussion become an interest object of neighboring countries;; 2.swelling of those tendencies in the World War 2; 3.USSR and Poland motivation in case of German population outlawry; 4.the West Allies role in those historical processes; 5.process of German population outlawry – the differences between slide down districts of USSR and Poland administration. Sentences and conclusions in this work are based on printed documentation and scientific literature

Soft orthotics to promote activity and participation in amateur veteran hockey league players

Ortozēšana - protezēšanaVeselības aprūpeOrthotics and ProstheticsHealth CarePētījuma nosaukums: Mīksto ortožu pielietojums aktivitātes un dalības veicināšanai amatieru veterānu hokeja līgas spēlētājiem. Pētījuma dizains: kvantitatīvs, neeksperimentāls, šķērsgriezuma tipa pētījums. Pētījuma autors: Edijs Ansons. Pētījuma vadītājs: Dārta Rūse. Aktualitāte: Lai gan, salīdzinot ar jaunatnes un profesionālajām hokeja līgām, amatieru veterānu hokeja līgas spēles noteikumi ir vērsti uz to, lai jaunu traumu rašanās risks tiktu samazināts, tomēr jāņem vērā vairākas sekojošas lietas. Pirmkārt, vairumam spēlētāju ir ievērojama hokeja pieredze, spēlētāji nereti ar hokeju nodarbojas kopš bērnības vai pusaudža vecuma, pat, ja kaut kādu iemeslu dēļ, nav savu karjeru saistījuši ar profesionālo sportu. Otrkārt, spēles specifika neatkarīgi no līgas saglabājas tāda pati, respektīvi, spēlētāju pārvietošanās ātrums uz ledus ir liels, līdz ar to, traumu rašanās risks saglabājas. Treškārt, hokejisti, kas sasnieguši 40 un vairāk gadus, ķermeņa elastība un atgūšanās spējas var samazināties, kas var palielināt traumu risku. Vecumā ķermenis sāk zaudēt muskuļu masu, kaulu blīvumu un elastību, kas var novest pie paaugstināta traumu riska. Vecāki hokejisti var būt mazāk spēcīgi un mazāk noturīgi pret sasitumiem vai sastiepumiem. Turklāt, nervu sistēmas reakcijas laiks var samazināties, kas nozīmē, ka vecākiem spēlētājiem var būt grūtāk novērst traumas situācijas. Jo ilgāks ir spēlētāja hokeja stāžs, jo vairāk mazāku vai lielāku traumu spēlētājs ir pieredzējis. Nereti rehabilitācija pēc traumām ir ilga un iespējams saglabājas zināmi funkcionāli ierobežojumi, kas ietekmē spēlētāja spēju pilnvērtīgi piedalīties treniņos un spēlēs (Mosenthal et al, 2017). Pētījuma mērķis: Noskaidrot kādas mīkstās ortozes tiek pielietotas amatieru veterānu hokeja līgas spēlētāju vidū, lai mazinātu traumu risku un veicinātu spēlētāju dalību treniņu un spēļu procesā. Datu iegūšanas un apstrādes metodes: tiešā anketēšana, datu apstrāde Microsoft Excel un SPSS vidē. Rezultāti: Kopumā pētījumā piedalījās 43 amatieru veterānu līgas spēlētāji. Pilnīgi visi pētījuma dalībnieki bija vīrieši un to vidējais vecums bija 52,1 gadi. Korelācija starp tehnisko palīglīdzekļu lietošanu un hokeja treniņu apmeklēšanas biežumu ir 0,445. Secinājumi: Biežāk lietotie tehniskie palīglīdzekļi bija elastīgās saites, ortopēdiskās zolītes un muguras mīkstās ortozes. Hokeja treniņu un spēļu laikā biežāk tiek traumēti pirksti un to locītavas, potītes locītava, ceļa locītava, pēdas un elkoņa locītava. Starp tehnisko palīglīdzekļu lietošanu un hokeja treniņu apmeklēšanu pastāv vidēja pozitīva korelācija. Atslēgas vārdi: mīkstās ortozes, hokejs, traumas. Darbs satur 32 lapas un 14 pielikumi.Methodical review of subject: Soft orthotics to promote activity and participation in amateur veteran hockey league players. Research design: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. Author: Edijs Ansons. Work adviser: Dārta Rūse. Topicality of subject: Although, compared to youth and professional hockey leagues, the rules of the Veteran Amateur Hockey League are aimed at reducing the risk of new injuries, there are a number of things to consider. Firstly, most players have significant hockey experience, often having played hockey since childhood or their later teenage years, even if they have not, for whatever reason, pursued a career in professional sport. Secondly, the specifics of the game remain the same regardless of the league, i.e. the speed at which players move on the ice is high, so the risk of injury remains. Thirdly, as hockey players reach 40 years of age or older, the flexibility and recovery capacity of the body may decrease, which may increase the risk of injury. As they age, the body begins to lose muscle mass, bone density and flexibility, which can lead to an increased risk of injury. Older hockey players may be less strong and less resistant to bruises or sprains. In addition, nervous system reaction time may be reduced, meaning that older players may find it more difficult to prevent injury situations. The longer a player's hockey experience, the more minor or major injuries he or she has experienced. Rehabilitation after injury is often lengthy and some functional limitations may remain, affecting the player's ability to fully participate in training and games (Mosenthal et al, 2017). The aim of work: To find out which soft orthoses are used among players in a veteran amateur hockey league to reduce the risk of injury and boost player participation in training and games. Methods of data acquisition and processing: direct questionnaire survey, data processing in Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Result: A total of 43 veteran amateur league players took part in the study. All participants were male and the average age was 52.1 years. The correlation between the use of technical devices and the frequency of attending hockey training was 0.445. Conclusion: The most commonly used prophylactic technical devices were elastic bands, orthopedic foot insoles and soft spinal orthoses. Injuries to the fingers and their joints, ankle joint, knee joint, foot and elbow joint are more common during hockey training and games. There is a moderate positive correlation between the use of technical aids and attendance at hockey training. Key words: Soft orthoses, ice hockey, injuries. Work contains 32 pages and 14 attachments.

Electronic monitoring in Latvia and USA

Latvijā, nosacītas pirmstermiņa atbrīvošanas no soda ietvaros, ir ieviesta elektroniskā uzraudzība. Tādēļ svarīgi pētīt, vai pašreizējais normatīvo aktu regulējums ļauj elektroniskai uzraudzībai savus mērķus izpildīt efektīvi. Bakalaura darba autors šajā darbā pētīja elektroniskās uzraudzības institūta izcelsmi, pašreizējo piemērojumu un iespējamo paplašināšanos Latvijā, balstoties uz Amerikas Savienoto Valstu pieredzi.The institute of early conditional release has been updated with the concept of electronic monitoring. Therefore it’s important to conclude if the actual goals of electronic monitoring are being fulfilled. Author researched the origin of electronic monitoring, current use, and the possible expansion of its use in Latvia, taking into account the conclusions reached from the development of electronic monitoring in United States of America

Savstarpējo saskaņošanas procedūru institūta ekskluzivitāte nodokļu strīdu risināšanā

The essence of mutual agreement procedure institute in practical application has been ambiguous. The topic has become increasingly relevant, as more taxpayers elect to use this procedure. Ever since the previous paper, there have been many actions taken by the state in order to increase the impact of legal certainty principle. Here, the author will address defining mutual agreement procedure institute with a focus on clearing any confusion between the institute and other tools for eliminating double taxation.</jats:p

International tax planing aspects

Nodokļu plānošanas ētiskā atspēkošana vai nosodīšanas aktualitātes iezīmējas Google, Amazon, un Starbucks nodokļu maksāšanas minimizēšanu Apvienotajā Karalistē. Tēma ir īpaši aktuāla arī šobrīd, pēc ASV Finanšu ministrijas Finanšu noziegumu apkarošanas tīkla ziņojuma par ABLV bankas darbību. Pirmskrīzes laikā apgalvojumam - „nevienam nav pienākums maksāt vairāk nodokļus, nekā tam ir ar likumu noteikts” piekristu lielākā daļa sabiedrības un industriāli attīstītās valstis. Pēc krīzes lielai sabiedrības daļai pasliktinājās finansiālais stāvoklis, pieauga nodokļu slogs. Savukārt valstīm bija jāpielieto dažādi taupības paņēmieni. Tajā pašā laikā sabiedrība uzzināja par nodokļu prakses “virtuves” noslēpumiem - starptautisku uzņēmumu pielietotajām nodokļu plānošanas metodēm. Šiem uzņēmumiem tika pārmests, ka tie nemaksā savu godīgo daļu. Darbā iegūtie rezultāti liecina, ka nodokļu plānošanas ētiskuma noskaidrošanā atbilde nav viennozīmīga. Ne vienmēr likumu ievērošana vērtējama kā ētiska darbība. Savukārt, likumu neievērošana var būt ētiska. Pētot pasaules dižāko prātu atziņas var secināt, ka nodokļu plānošana nav atbalstāma tādā valstī, kas nodokļus efektīvi organizē cēla mērķa vārdā, kas sabalansē sabiedrības intereses, nodrošina sabiedrības vājāko locekļu interešu aizsardzību, bet neaizskarot sabiedrības stiprāko locekļu bagātību tādā mērā, ka tie nevarētu baudīt sava kapitāla augļus.The ethical aspect of tax planning for wider public dates back to the legal, but outrageous schemes used by Google, Amazon, and Starbucks to minimize tax in the United Kingdom. The topic is also particularly relevant today, following the report by the US Department of Finance, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network on ABLV Bank. In the pre-crisis period, most of the society in industrialized countries would agree to the statement that "no one is obliged to pay more taxes than legally prescribed". After the crisis, a large part of the population was earning less than before, and taxes became especially painful. Countries had to resort to various austerity measures. Eventually the secrets of tax planning were revealed to the public, the unethical, yet legal methods of tax avoidance used by large multinational companies began to cause widespread sense of injustice. The results of the work show that when determining the ethics of tax planning the answer is ambiguous. Fulfillment of the letter of the law is not always considered ethical. At the same, failure to comply with the law may be ethical. Researching the views of the world's greatest minds suggests that tax planning cannot be supported in a country that efficiently organizes taxes in the name of protecting the interests of the weakest members of the society, but without affecting the wealth of the strongest members of society to such an extent that they cannot enjoy the results of their capital