Improved components for engine fuel savings

The Engine Component Improvement (ECI) Project formulated to address near term improvements for current engines is described with emphasis on the development of component technologies to reduce the fuel consumption of CF6, JT9D, and JT8D engines. The technical and economical acceptability and the fuel saving potential of nine concepts are demonstrated. Descriptions of these concepts, results of testing, and the status as to entering airline service are presented. Also presented is the status of the remaining concepts still under development

Interplay between elastic fields due to gravity and a partial dislocation for a hard-sphere crystal coherently grown under gravity: driving force for defect disappearance

We previously observed that an intrinsic staking fault shrunk through a glide of a Shockley partial dislocation terminating its lower end in a hard-sphere crystal under gravity coherently grown in by Monte Carlo simulations [Mori et al., Molec. Phys. 105, 1377 (2007)]; it was an answer to a one-decade long standing question why the stacking disorder in colloidal crystals reduced under gravity [Zhu et al., Nature 387, 883 (1997)]. Here, we present an elastic energy calculation; in addition to the self-energy of the partial dislocation [Mori et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 178, 33 (2009)] we calculate the cross-coupling term between elastic field due to gravity and that due to a Shockley partial dislocation. The cross term is a increasing function of the linear dimension R over which the elastic field expands, showing that a driving force arises for the partial dislocation moving toward the upper boundary of a grain.Comment: 8pages, 4figures, to be published in Molecular Physic

Subdiffusion and the cage effect studied near the colloidal glass transition

The dynamics of a glass-forming material slow greatly near the glass transition, and molecular motion becomes inhibited. We use confocal microscopy to investigate the motion of colloidal particles near the colloidal glass transition. As the concentration in a dense colloidal suspension is increased, particles become confined in transient cages formed by their neighbors. This prevents them from diffusing freely throughout the sample. We quantify the properties of these cages by measuring temporal anticorrelations of the particles' displacements. The local cage properties are related to the subdiffusive rise of the mean square displacement: over a broad range of time scales, the mean square displacement grows slower than linearly in time.Comment: submitted to Chemical Physics, special issue on "Strange Kinetics

Local influence of boundary conditions on a confined supercooled colloidal liquid

We study confined colloidal suspensions as a model system which approximates the behavior of confined small molecule glass-formers. Dense colloidal suspensions become glassier when confined between parallel glass plates. We use confocal microscopy to study the motion of confined colloidal particles. In particular, we examine the influence particles stuck to the glass plates have on nearby free particles. Confinement appears to be the primary influence slowing free particle motion, and proximity to stuck particles causes a secondary reduction in the mobility of free particles. Overall, particle mobility is fairly constant across the width of the sample chamber, but a strong asymmetry in boundary conditions results in a slight gradient of particle mobility.Comment: For conference proceedings, "Dynamics in Confinement", Grenoble, March 201

Correlations of Structure and Dynamics in an Aging Colloidal Glass

We study concentrated colloidal suspensions, a model system which has a glass transition. Samples in the glassy state show aging, in that the motion of the colloidal particles slows as the sample ages from an initial state. We study the relationship between the static structure and the slowing dynamics, using confocal microscopy to follow the three-dimensional motion of the particles. The structure is quantified by considering tetrahedra formed by quadruplets of neighboring particles. We find that while the sample clearly slows down during aging, the static properties as measured by tetrahedral quantities do not vary. However, a weak correlation between tetrahedron shape and mobility is observed, suggesting that the structure facilitates the motion responsible for the sample aging.Comment: Submitted to Solid State Communication

Glasses in hard spheres with short-range attraction

We report a detailed experimental study of the structure and dynamics of glassy states in hard spheres with short-range attraction. The system is a suspension of nearly-hard-sphere colloidal particles and non-adsorbing linear polymer which induces a depletion attraction between the particles. Observation of crystallization reveals a re-entrant glass transition. Static light scattering shows a continuous change in the static structure factors upon increasing attraction. Dynamic light scattering results, which cover 11 orders of magnitude in time, are consistent with the existence of two distinct kinds of glasses, those dominated by inter-particle repulsion and caging, and those dominated by attraction. Samples close to the `A3 point' predicted by mode coupling theory for such systems show very slow, logarithmic dynamics.Comment: 22 pages, 18 figure

Phase separation in star polymer-colloid mixtures

We examine the demixing transition in star polymer-colloid mixtures for star arm numbers f=2,6,16,32 and different star-colloid size ratios. Theoretically, we solve the thermodynamically self-consistent Rogers-Young integral equations for binary mixtures using three effective pair potentials obtained from direct molecular computer simulations. The numerical results show a spinodal instability. The demixing binodals are approximately calculated, and found to be consistent with experimental observations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Affective Forecasting, der Diversification Bias und die Rolle von Emotionaler Kompetenz bei Entscheidungen aufgrund von Gefühlsvorhersagen

Die Vorhersage emotionaler Reaktionen auf zukünftige Ereignisse wird als Affective Forecasting bezeichnet (Wilson & Gilbert, 2003). Auf Grundlage solcher Gefühlsvorhersagen werden im Alltag zahlreiche Entscheidungen getroffen. Allerdings unterlaufen häufig Fehleinschätzungen der Emotionen (MacInnis et al., 2005), die zu Entscheidungsfehlern führen. Einen Bereich des Affective Forecasting stellt die Vorhersage des Bedürfnisses nach Vielfalt dar. Das Phänomen, dass bei der kombinierten Auswahl von Gütern derselben Gattung (z.B. Snacks) für den künftigen sukzessiven Konsum mehr Vielfalt gewählt wird als bei der separaten Auswahl unmittelbar vor dem Konsum, wird Diversification Bias (Read & Loewenstein, 1995) genannt. Wird mehr Vielfalt gewählt als später gewünscht, wird dies als unbefriedigende Wahl empfunden (Read & Loewenstein, 1995). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde anhand von zwei Untersuchungsbedingungen - Simultane Wahl und Sequentieller Konsum sowie Sequentielle Wahl und Sequentieller Konsum - der Diversification Bias repliziert. Zusätzlich wurde ein etwaiger Einfluss des Umgangs mit eigenen Gefühlen, der Emotionalen Kompetenz (Mayer & Salovey, 1990), auf die Einschätzung des Bedürfnisses nach Vielfalt zur Erklärung interindividueller Unterschiede im Wahlverhalten untersucht. Ein solcher wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Auch konnte nicht gezeigt werden, dass gewählte Vielfalt als unbefriedigende Wahl nachträglich bedauert wird.Decisions are often based on predictions about the emotional reactions to future events, so-called Affective Forecasts (Wilson & Gilbert, 2003). As such predictions are often erroneous (MacInnis et al., 2005) they can lead to wrong decisions. Predicting one´s need for variety is one way of Affective Forecasting. Research has revealed a pattern of choice called diversification bias: If people make combined choices of quantities of goods (e.g. snacks) for future consumption, they choose more variety than if they make separate choices immediately preceding consumption (Read & Loewenstein, 1995). In fact, people do not feel satisfied with the variety they have chosen (Read & Loewenstein, 1995). In the present study the diversification bias is replicated by means of two conditions, simultaneous choice with sequential consumption and sequential choice with sequential consumption. Additionally, the study deals with the impact of the ability to reflect upon and manage one´s emotions, emotional intelligence (Salovey & Mayer, 1990), on decision making in the domain of variety seeking in order to identify interindividual differences. Significant differences could not be found. Finally, the study is concerned with the question of whether decisions in terms of the diversification bias lead to regret. The results, however, do not show an effect like this

Detached House with an estab

Abstrakt Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a vypracováním projektové dokumentace pro provedení stavby objektu rodinného domu v Prostějově, Čechovicích. Objekt se nachází na parcele č.318/14, v katastrálním území Čechovice. Dům je členěn na obytnou část pro čtyřčlennou rodinu a právní kancelář. Je situován v zastavěném okolí. Část pro bydlení má dvě nadzemní podlaží, provozovna jedno nadzemní podlaží, objekt je částečně podsklepen, součástí je garáž pro dva osobní automobily. Vedle pozemku se nachází místní komunikace IV.třídy. Návrh domu respektuje územní plán obce i uliční zástavbu. Projektová dokumentace je zpracována v souladu s aktuálním zněním platných zákonů, vyhlášek a norem. Obrys domu je nepravidelný, zastřešení řešeno třemi plochými střechami. Konstrukční systém stěnový, zděný. Objekt je situován na rovninném povrchu.Abstract This bachelor's thesis focuses on design and elaboration of documentation for construction of a detached house in Prostějov, Čechovice. The house is to be situated on plot number n.318/14, cadastre unit: Čechovice.The house is divided into living part for a family and establishment for a law office. The part for living is two floored, estabilishment only one, object is partial basement, includes a garage for two cars. A local road is located nearby the plot (class IV road). The proposition and the design of the building have respect for both commune plan and current buildings. The documentation is elaborated with regard to the contemporary Czech legislative and standards. Platform of the building has an irregular shape, roofs are designed as flat roofs. Structural system of the building is designed as wall-and-masonry structural system. The building is located in a flat terrain.