Application of High Conductive Nanoparticles to Enhance Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Wood Composite

In the present work three different types of nanofillers such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), aluminum oxide nanoparticles and nanosize activated charcoal were mixed with UF resin and used in the preparation of medium density fiberboard(MDF). The process has improved heat transfer during hot pressing and achieved proper curing due to enhanced thermo physical properties of wood fibers. To improve the dispersion of nanofillers into UF matrix, high speed mechanical stirring and ultrasonic treatments were used. The MWCNTs were oxidized with nitric acid and the functional groups formed on its surface improved the dispersion and interaction with UF matrix. The dispersion of nanofillers in UF resin matrix was confirmed with XRD, FESEM, and DMA tests undertaken. The mixing of MWCNTs and Aluminum oxide with UF resin have reduced the curing time due to enhanced thermal conductivity of MDF matrix. The heat transfer during hot pressing of MDF improved significantly with the addition of MWCNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticle and activated charcoal did not have much effect on heat transfer. The curing rate of UF resin improved with all the three nanofillers, as the activation energy of UF curing decrease as shown by the DSC results. The physical and mechanical properties of MDF have improved significantly with MWCNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticle. The activated charcoal has significantly decreased the formaldehyde emission of MDF

Improved Hybrid Model of HMM/GMM for Speech Recognition

In this paper, we propose a speech recognition engine using hybrid model of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Both the models have been trained independently and the respective likelihood values have been considered jointly and input to a decision logic which provides net likelihood as the output. This hybrid model has been compared with the HMM model. Training and testing has been done by using a database of 20 Hindi words spoken by 80 different speakers. Recognition rates achieved by normal HMM are 83.5% and it gets increased to 85% by using the hybrid approach of HMM and GMM

Scattering and Diffraction in Magnetospheres of Fast Pulsars

We apply a theory of wave propagation through a turbulent medium to the scattering of radio waves in pulsar magnetospheres. We find that under conditions of strong density modulation the effects of magnetospheric scintillations in diffractive and refractive regimes may be observable. The most distinctive feature of the magnetospheric scintillations is their independence on frequency. Results based on diffractive scattering due to small scale inhomogeneities give a scattering angle that may be as large as 0.1 radians, and a typical decorrelation time of $10^{-8}$ seconds. Refractive scattering due to large scale inhomogeneities is also possible, with a typical angle of $10^{-3}$ radians and a correlation time of the order of $10^{-4}$ seconds. Temporal variation in the plasma density may also result in a delay time of the order of $10^{-4}$ seconds. The different scaling of the above quantities with frequency may allow one to distinguish the effects of propagation through a pulsar magnetosphere from the interstellar medium. In particular, we expect that the magnetospheric scintillations are relatively more important for nearby pulsars when observed at high frequencies.Comment: 19 pages, 1 Figur

Posterior migration of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in a patient with Reiger anomaly: a case report

BACKGROUND: To describe, a yet non-documented complication of GDI surgery (glaucoma drainage incision surgery) - anterior to posterior segment migration of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) tube. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a young 9 year old boy, diagnosed with refractory glaucoma with Reiger anomaly. History included of poor vision in both eyes, left more than right with glare since childhood. He underwent GDI surgery with AGV implantation following which he developed posterior migration of AGV tube. The detailed ocular history, ophthalmic findings, clinical course, surgical management and development of the posterior tube migration is discussed. CONCLUSION: Posterior Migration of AGV tube has yet not been described. Also there is a role of expectant management of the complication in this case as evidenced by the benign course of events

Fabricating eco-friendly binderless fiberboard from laccase-treated rubber wood fiber.

The emission of formaldehyde vapors from adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) is a main concern for the wood composite industry. The ability of laccase enzymes to modify the fiber in pulp industries has given hope to the wood composite industry to prepare composites without using external adhesives. In the present work, rubber wood fiber was treated with different amounts of laccase enzymes at varying time intervals. Although laccase is known to cause changes to lignin, FTIR analysis of treated fiber revealed no significant difference in the chemical composition of cellulosic fiber as compared to the untreated fiber. SEM analysis exhibited a thin uniform layer of lignin deposition on the fiber surface that may be precipitated back when the reaction reaches equilibrium. XRD showed a 10% increase (maximum) in the crystallinity index of treated fibers as compared to untreated fiber. The treated fibers were dried and pressed at different platen temperatures for various time intervals without any adhesive. Mechanical properties such as MOE, MOR, and IB were done to analyze the performance of binderless fiberboard as per ASTM D1037. Binderless fiberboard of density 750 (±10) MPa that was fabricated from the fiber treated at 6 U/g enzyme for 60 min and pressed at 200 °C for 6 min showed good performance

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE VARIATION IN LEPTIN GENE OF MURRAH BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)

Leptin is a 16 kD protein, synthesized by adipose tissue and is involved in regulation of feed intake, energy balance, fertility and immune functions. Present study was undertaken with the objectives of sequence characterization and studying the nucleotide variation in leptin gene in Murrah buffalo. The leptin gene consists of three exons and two introns which spans about 18.9kb, of which the first exon is not transcribed into protein. In buffaloes, the leptin gene is located on chromosome eight and maps to BBU 8q32. The leptin gene was amplified by PCR using oligonucleotide primers to obtain 289 bp fragment comprising of exon 2 and 405 bp fragment containing exon 3 of leptin gene. The amplicons were sequenced to identify variation at nucleotide level. Sequence comparison of buffalo with cattle reveals variation at five nucleotide sequences at positions 983, 1083, 1147, 1152, 1221 and all the SNPs are synonymous resulting no in change in amino acids. Three of these eight nucleotide variations have been reported for the first time in buffalo. The results indicate conservation of DNA sequence between cattle and buffalo. Nucleotide sequence variations observed at leptin gene between Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus species revealed 97% nucleotide identity

Room temperature magnetic entropy change and magnetoresistance in La_{0.70}(Ca_{0.30-x}Sr_x)MnO_3:Ag 10% (x = 0.0-0.10)

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline La0.70(Ca0.30-xSrx)MnO3:Ag 10% manganite have been investigated. All the compositions are crystallized in single phase orthorhombic Pbnm space group. Both, the Insulator-Metal transition temperature (TIM) and Curie temperature (Tc) are observed at 298 K for x = 0.10 composition. Though both TIM and Tc are nearly unchanged with Ag addition, the MR is slightly improved. The MR at 300 K is found to be as large as 31% with magnetic field change of 1Tesla, whereas it reaches up to 49% at magnetic field of 3Tesla for La0.70Ca0.20Sr0.10MnO3:Ag0.10 sample. The maximum entropy change (\DeltaSMmax) is 7.6 J.Kg-1.K-1 upon the magnetic field change of 5Tesla, near its Tc (300.5 K). The La0.70Ca0.20Sr0.10MnO3:Ag0.10 sample having good MR (31%1Tesla, 49%3Tesla) and reasonable change in magnetic entropy (7.6 J.Kg-1.K-1, 5 Tesla) at 300 K can be a potential magnetic refrigerant material at ambient temperatures.Comment: 11 pages text + Figs comments/suggestions ([email protected]

Review on Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Routing means to select path in a network and forward a packet through the network to another device on different network. Routing protocols play a vital role in computer network infrastructures. In this research comparison of various routing protocols is made. It been seen that OSPF and EIGRP are the protocols mostly used nowadays. On comparison, EIGRP is considered as the best routing protocol because it maintains the backup routes and also due to its simple configuration and also it supports the unequal cost load balancing which is not supported by other routing protocols