Responsabilidades penales y concurso de acreedores de Balea, SA

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.DER). Dereito. Curso 2016/201

O impacto da política de cohesión europea na converxencia real rexional O caso de Galicia (1980-2016)

[Resumo]: O obxectivo deste traballo é analiza-lo impacto da política de cohesión da UE na converxencia real a nivel rexional, centrando a análise no caso galego para o período 1980-2016. En primeiro lugar, analizouse a evolución histórica da política de cohesión europea e os seus obxectivos no período 1986-2016, realizouse unha revisión bibliográfica da literatura científica sobre converxencia e identificáronse os factores determinantes do crecemento rexional e a converxencia real (evolución da poboación e movementos migratorios, dotación de infraestruturas, produtividade aparente do traballo, estrutura produtiva –entendida coma especialización sectorial–, capital humano, taxa de ocupación, capital tecnolóxico e investimento en I+D, grao de apertura comercial). Posteriormente, estudouse se a política de cohesión aplicada en Galicia tivo en conta os factores determinantes da converxencia e se incidiu adecuadamente nos mesmos, sendo a resposta afirmativa. Por outro lado, realizouse unha análise empírica da evolución das Comunidades Autónomas españolas no período 1980-2016. Atopando a existencia de concentración espacial da riqueza e da poboación e un proceso de diverxencia entre as Comunidades Autónomas máis ricas, que crecen por riba da media, e as máis pobres, que crecen por debaixo da media. Proceso ocultado, ó realizar unha análise agregada de σ-converxencia, polo proceso de rápida converxencia de Baleares e Estremadura. Ademais, realizouse unha análise empírica detallada de Galicia, na que se descubre que a converxencia en PIBpc coa media española se produce unicamente pola perda de poboación relativa, xa que Galicia perde peso económico dentro do conxunto do Estado de modo continuado, e que a converxencia en termos de IDH foi máis positiva. Tamén se analizou o papel xogado polos factores determinantes da converxencia galega coa media española considerados máis relevantes, sendo a evidencia empírica consistente coa optida ó analiza-la incidencia da política de cohesión aplicada en Galicia nos mesmos (incidencia positiva).[Abstract]: The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the cohesion policy of the EU in the real convergence at the regional level, focusing the analysis in the Galician case for the period 1980-2016. In the first place, the historical evolution of the European cohesion policy and its objectives in the period 1986-2016 were analyzed, a bibliographical review of the scientific literacy about convergence was conducted, and the key factors of the regional growth and the real convergence were identified (population evolution and migratory movements, infrastructures endowment, apparent productivity of labour, productive structure –understood as sectoral specialization–, human capital, employment rate, technological capital and R&D investment, and degree of trade openness). Subsequently, it was studied if the cohesion policy deployed in Galicia took into account the key factors of the convergence and if the cohesion policy had a positive impact in those, being the answer affirmative. On the other hand, an empirical analysis of the performance of the Spanish Autonomous Communities in the period 1980-2016 was conducted. We founded spatial concentration of the population and of the wealth and a process of divergence between the wealthier Autonomous Communities –those who grow above the mean– and the poorer Autonomous Communities –those who grow under the mean–. When an aggregate analysis of σ-convergence is conducted, this process is masked because of the fast convergence of the Balearic islands and of Extremadura. Also, a detailed empiric analysis of Galicia was conducted, which showed the fact that the convergence of Galicia with the Spanish mean –in terms of PIBpc– only took placed due to the loss of relative population of Galicia, since Galicia lost economic weight in a continuous basis, and the convergence in terms of HDI was more positive. The role played by the key factors of the convergence of Galicia with the Spanish mean was also studied, being the empirical evidence consistent with the results obtained when the analysis of the incidence of the cohesion policy deployed in Galicia was conducted (i.e. positive incidence).Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2016/201

La Historia de la Ciencia en el actual panorama de la divulgación científica

Es reseña de: La herencia de Eva: del instinto de curiosidad a la ciencia moderna Carmen Estrada Taurus, 2024. ISBN 9788430626465 Entre venenos Carmel Ferragud, José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez Valencia : PUV, 2023 El canon oculto José Manuel Sánchez Ron Barcelona : Crítica, 2024 Historia de la tecnología a través de veinte objetos Pedro Ruiz Castell Diputación Provincial de Valencia = Diputació de València, Institució Alfons el Magànim, 2023. ISBN 978-84-1156-014-6 Lo que sueñan los androides David Calle Madrid : Aguilar, 202

New scaffolds encapsulating TGF-β3/BMP-7 combinations driving strong chondrogenic differentiation

The regeneration of articular cartilage remains an unresolved question despite the current access to a variety of tissue scaffolds activated with growth factors relevant to this application. Further advances might result from combining more than one of these factors; here, we propose a scaffold composition optimized for the dual delivery of BMP-7 and TGF-β3, two proteins with described chondrogenic activity. First, we tested in a mesenchymal stem cell micromass culture with TGF-β3 whether the exposure to microspheres loaded with BMP-7 would improve cartilage formation. Histology and qRT-PCR data confirmed that the sustained release of BMP-7 cooperates with TGF-β3 towards the generation of chondrogenic differentiation. Then, we optimized a scaffold prototype for tissue culture and dual encapsulation of BMP-7 and TGF-β3. The scaffolds were prepared from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and BMP-7/TGF-β3 were loaded as nanocomplexes with heparin and Tetronic 1107. The scaffolds showed the sustained release of both proteins over four weeks, with minimal burst effect. We finally cultured human mesenchymal stems cells on these scaffolds, in the absence of exogenous chondrogenic factor supplementation. The cells cultured on the scaffolds loaded with BMP-7 and TGF-β3 showed clear signs of cartilage formation macroscopically and histologically. RT-PCR studies confirmed a clear upregulation of cartilage markers SOX9 and Aggrecan. In summary, scaffolds encapsulating BMP-7 and TGF-β3 can efficiently deliver a cooperative growth factor combination that drives efficient cartilage formation in human mesenchymal stem cell cultures. These results open attractive perspectives towards in vivo translation of this technology in cartilage regeneration experimentsFundación Ramón Areces (CIVP16A1832), Xunta de Galicia (Proxectos de Investigación Desenvolvidos por Investigadores Emerxentes, EM2013/042), Fundación BBVA, Proyectos de Investigación en Biomedicina (2014- PO0110) y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2014-58189-R)S

SUMOylation regulates AKT1 activity

Serine threonine kinase AKT has a central role in the cell, controlling survival, proliferation, metabolism and angiogenesis. Deregulation of its activity underlies a wide range of pathological situations, including cancer. Here we show that AKT is post-translationally modified by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein. Interestingly, neither SUMO conjugation nor activation of SUMOylated AKT is regulated by the classical AKT targeting to the cell membrane or by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. We demonstrate that SUMO induces the activation of AKT, whereas, conversely, down-modulation of the SUMO machinery diminishes AKT activation and cell proliferation. Furthermore, an AKT SUMOylation mutant shows reduced activation, and decreased anti-apoptotic and pro-tumoral activities in comparison with the wild-type protein. These results identify SUMO as a novel key regulator of AKT phosphorylation and activity

Scalable Copper Sulfide Formulations for Super‐Resolution Optoacoustic Brain Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window

Optoacoustic imaging offers label‐free multi‐parametric characterization of cerebrovascular morphology and hemodynamics at depths and spatiotemporal resolution unattainable with optical microscopy. Effective imaging depth can greatly be enhanced by employing photons in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. However, diminished absorption by hemoglobin along with a lack of suitable contrast agents hinder an efficient application of the technique in this spectral range. Herein, copper sulfide (CuS) micro‐ and nano‐formulations for multi‐scale optoacoustic imaging in the NIR‐II window are introduced. Dynamic contrast enhancement induced by intravenously administered CuS nanoparticles facilitated visualization of blood perfusion in murine cerebrovascular networks. The individual calcium carbonate microparticles carrying CuS are further shown to generate sufficient responses to enable super‐resolution microvascular imaging and blood flow velocity mapping with localization optoacoustic tomography

Chromosomal, epigenetic and microRNA-mediated inactivation of LRP1B, a modulator of the extracellular environment of thyroid cancer cells

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1B), encoding an endocytic LDL-family receptor, is among the 10 most significantly deleted genes across 3312 human cancer specimens. However, currently the apparently crucial role of this lipoprotein receptor in carcinogenesis is not clear. Here we show that LRP1B inactivation (by chromosomal, epigenetic and microRNA (miR)-mediated mechanisms) results in changes to the tumor environment that confer cancer cells an increased growth and invasive capacity. LRP1B displays frequent DNA copy number loss and CpG island methylation, resulting in mRNA underexpression. By using CpG island reporters methylated in vitro, we found that DNA methylation disrupts a functional binding site for the histone-acetyltransferase p300 located at intron 1. We identified and validated an miR targeting LRP1B (miR-548a-5p), which is overexpressed in cancer cell lines as a result of 8q22 DNA gains. Restoration of LRP1B impaired in vitro and in vivo tumor growth, inhibited cell invasion and led to a reduction of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in the extracellular medium. We emphasized the role of an endocytic receptor acting as a tumor suppressor by modulating the extracellular environment composition in a way that constrains the invasive behavior of the cancer cells

Selective interaction of PEGylated polyglutamic acid nanocapsules with cancer cells in a 3D model of a metastatic lymph node

Background Metastases are the most common reason of cancer death in patients with solid tumors. Lymph nodes, once invaded by tumor cells, act as reservoirs before cancer cells spread to distant organs. To address the limited access of intravenously infused chemotherapeutics to the lymph nodes, we have developed PEGylated polyglutamic acid nanocapsules (PGA-PEG NCs), which have shown ability to reach and to accumulate in the lymphatic nodes and could therefore act as nanotransporters. Once in the lymphatics, the idea is that these nanocapsules would selectively interact with cancer cells, while avoiding non-specific interactions with immune cells and the appearance of subsequent immunotoxicity. Results The potential of the PGA-PEG NCs, with a mean size of 100 nm and a negative zeta potential, to selectively reach metastatic cancer cells, has been explored in a novel 3D model that mimics an infiltrated lymph node. Our 3D model, a co-culture of cancer cells and lymphocytes, allows performing experiments under dynamic conditions that simulate the lymphatic flow. After perfusion of the nanocarriers, we observe a selective interaction with the tumor cells. Efficacy studies manifest the need to develop specific therapies addressed to treat metastatic cells that can be in a dormant state. Conclusions We provide evidence of the ability of PGA-PEG NCs to selectively interact with the tumor cells in presence of lymphocytes, highlighting their potential in cancer therapeutics. We also state the importance of designing precise in vitro models that allow performing mechanistic assays, to efficiently develop and evaluate specific therapies to confront the formation of metastasisThe authors acknowledge financial support given by the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (CP12/03150, PIE13/00024 and PI15/00828), ERA-NET EuroNanoMed 2009 (Lymphotarg PI09/2670) and EuroNanoMed 2013 (053 NICHE). The first author also acknowledges a fellowship received from the Fundación Ramón Domínguez, Spain. Abellan-Pose also acknowledges a fellowship from the Biomedical Sciences and Health Technologies Doctoral School-University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)S

Interplay between SUMOylation and NEDDylation regulates RPL11 localization and function

The ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) integrates different types of stress into a p53‐mediated response. Here, we analyzed the impact of the ubiquitin‐like protein SUMO on the RPL11‐mouse double‐minute 2 homolog‐p53 signaling. We show that small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO)1 and SUMO2 covalently modify RPL11. We find that SUMO negatively modulates the conjugation of the ubiquitin‐like protein neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8) to RPL11 and promotes the translocation of the RP outside of the nucleoli. Moreover, the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, is required for RPL11‐mediated activation of p53. SUMOylation of RPL11 is triggered by ribosomal stress, as well as by alternate reading frame protein upregulation. Collectively, our data identify SUMO protein conjugation to RPL11 as a new regulator of the p53‐mediated cellular response to different types of stress and reveal a previously unknown SUMO‐NEDD8 interplay