Centering the Marginalized Identities of Immigrant Students of Color in the Literacy Classroom

The widespread degradation of immigrant communities of color in the Unites States has made the correlation between racial and linguistic discrimination increasingly clear. This paper describes some of the ways that the co-construction of race and language, or raciolinguistic ideologies (Flores & Rosa, 2015), further marginalize children of immigrant communities in schools. Attention is particularly drawn to literacy classrooms of all grades, where students’ linguistic identities are pushed aside as monolingual middle-class White language practices set the standards for reading, listening, speaking, and writing instruction. The author calls for educators to embrace translanguaging (García, 2009) as a way to dismantle raciolinguistic hierarchies at the classroom level. Concrete examples of how a translanguaging approach can be implemented to center the identities of immigrant children and children of immigrant families in literacy classrooms are provided.Educatio

The Dynamics of Women’s Labour Supply in Developing Countries

This paper investigates cyclicality in women’s labour supply motivated by the hypothesis that it contributes to smoothing household consumption in environments characterised by income volatility. We use comparable individual data on about 1.1 million women in 63 developing and transition countries merged with country-level panel data on GDP during 1986-2006. The scope of these data is unprecedented in the small but growing literature on labour markets in developing countries. We find that the within-country relationship of women’s employment and income is, on average, negative in Asia and Latin America but positive in Africa. We suggest that amongst reasons why African women behave differently are that the conventional family structure with income pooling is less the norm, there are fewer opportunities for paid employment, and aggregate income shocks are more closely tied to rainfall variation. The findings are robust to controls for country-specific trends and potentially correlated shocks. In Asia and Latin America, characteristics that strengthen counter-cyclical responses include low education, being married, being married to men with low education, low wealth, no landownings, rural residence and fertility. These findings suggest that insurance motives underpin the dynamics of women’s work participation. Examination of cyclicality in the distribution of employment across types suggests that recessions in every region are associated with a rise in self-employment amongst women. In Asia and Latin America, there is a parallel rise in paid employment and a sharp drop in non-employment. In Africa, there is a decline in paid employment which overwhelms the rise in self-employment and this is how total employment comes to decline. The results have potentially important implications for understanding labour markets, fertility timing and child outcomes.insurance, women’s labour supply, added worker effect, business cycles, dynamics, Africa, Asia, Latin America.

Shadowable Points for flows

A shadowable point for a flow is a point where the shadowing lemma holds for pseudo-orbits passing through it. We prove that this concept satisfies the following properties: the set of shadowable points is invariant and a $G_{\delta}$ set. A flow has the pseudo-orbit tracing property if and only if every point is shadowable. The chain recurrent and nonwandering sets coincide when every chain recurrent point is shadowable. The chain recurrent points which are shadowable are exactly those that can be are approximated by periodic points when the flow is expansive. We study the relations between shadowable points of a homeomorphism and the shadowable points of its suspension flow. We characterize the set of forward shadowable points for transitive flows and chain transitive flows. We prove that the geometric Lorenz attractor does not have shadowable points. We show that in the presence of shadowable points chain transitive flows are transitive and that transitivity is a necessary condition for chain recurrent flows with shadowable points whenever the phase space is connected. Finally, as an application these results we give concise proofs of some well known theorems establishing that flows with POTP admitting some kind of recurrence are minimal. These results extends those presented in [10].Comment: 18 page

The Dynamics of Women's Labour Supply in Developing Countries

This paper investigates cyclicality in women's labour supply motivated by the hypothesis that it contributes to smoothing household consumption in environments characterized by income volatility. We use comparable individual data on about 1.1 million women in 63 developing and transition countries merged with country-level panel data on GDP during 1986-2006. The scope of these data is unprecedented in the small but growing literature on labour markets in developing countries. We find that the within-country relationship of women's employment and income is, on average, negative in Asia and Latin America but positive in Africa. We suggest that amongst reasons why African women behave differently are that the conventional family structure with income pooling is less the norm, there are fewer opportunities for paid employment, and aggregate income shocks are more closely tied to rainfall variation. The findings are robust to controls for country-specific trends and potentially correlated shocks. In Asia and Latin America, characteristics that strengthen counter-cyclical responses include low education, being married, being married to men with low education, low wealth, no landownings, rural residence and fertility. These findings suggest that insurance motives underpin the dynamics of women's work participation. Examination of cyclicality in the distribution of employment across types suggests that recessions in every region are associated with a rise in self-employment amongst women. In Asia and Latin America, there is a parallel rise in paid employment and a sharp drop in non-employment. In Africa, there is a decline in paid employment which overwhelms the rise in self-employment and this is how total employment comes to decline. The results have potentially important implications for understanding labour markets, fertility timing and child outcomes.insurance, women's labour supply, added worker effect, business cycles, dynamics, Africa, Asia, Latin America

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation detection of Lactobacillus plantarum group on olives to be used in natural fermentations

At present there are very few studies on the bacterial diversity of olives and on the importance of the microbial species for the fermentation of olives aimed to table olives production. Most of the authors report on the occurrence of Lactobacillus plantarum as principal member of these communities or at least as the species responsible for the fermentation. In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 16S rRNA probes was used to evaluate the occurrence of L. plantarum in olives. A 18-bp oligonucleotide probe was used in FISH experiments to evaluate the specificity of detection among Lactobacillus species. The probe was tested against 30 Lactobacillus species and appeared to be specific for L. plantarum, L. paraplantarum and L. pentosus. The probe was then used to investigate the occurrence of these species in 25 samples of olives (cultivar “Leccino”) collected in Campania region (Southern Italy). The olives were washed in a saline solution and the suspensions were then analysed by FISH and observed by fluorescence microscopy. No hybridisation signal was detected in at least 30 fields of observation when the L. plantarum-specific probe was used, probably due to the low sensitivity of the FISH method. Olive samples were plated on Rogosa agar and about 40% of the samples did not give growth after 5 days. When colony growth was observed, bulk cells from Rogosa agar plates were collected and analysed by DNA extraction followed by 16S rDNA Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE). The different microbial species were identified by direct sequencing of DGGE bands. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was the most frequently found species, occurring in more than 50% of the samples that had shown growth on Rogosa agar. The closest relatives of the species of the genera: Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Pseudomonas and Raoultella were also identified suggesting that guided fermentation by using selected LAB starters is advisable for a safe and desired table olives production

School ties: An analysis of homophily in an adolescent friendship network

Homophily is the tendency to establish relationships among people who share similar characteristics or attributes. This study presents evidence of homophilic behaviour for an adolescent friendship network of 6,961 links in the West of England. We control for unobserved characteristics by estimating school and individual fixed effects and present evidence on the role of length and closeness of friendships on the degree of homophily. We also exploit the dynamics of the friendship by comparing similarities among existing and future friends. Results indicate that academic achievement, personality, educational aspirations, bad behaviour and mother’s education are essential in the friendship formation process. However, income and parents’ occupational class proved to be insignificant. We also show that the degree of homophily among friends selected from a random process is much lower than that of the observed friendships.Networks, Homophily, Segregation, Friendships, Adolescents

Variability in chemical and microbiological profiles of long-ripened Caciocavallo cheeses

Five protected designation of origin (PDO) Caciocavallo Silano and 6 non-PDO Caciocavallo cheeses, ripened for 6mo and collected in the 5 Italian regions of the PDO area (Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, and Molise, Italy), were studied to assess their physico-chemical (pH, acidity, moisture, fat, ash, protein, and free amino acid composition) and microbiological profiles. Analyses evidenced a certain fluctuation of previous parameters among samples regardless of the kind of cheese evaluated (PDO and non-PDO). The PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis performed on the DNA directly extracted from cheeses gave different results, but a low number of bands was always observed. Only one band, corresponding to the species Streptococcus thermophilus, was detectable in 1 PDO and in 2 non-PDO cheese samples, whose free amino acid content was the lowest. Analyses were repeated on experimental Caciocavallo cheeses. Specifically, 2 productions were made, one mimicking the industrial technology (pasteurized milk and selected starter culture) and one the artisanal technology (raw milk and natural whey starter). Results obtained on experimental cheeses at 6mo of ripening showed that industrial samples had lower amounts of total free amino acids then the artisanal ones (1,188.2 vs. 7,523.67mg/100 g of dry matter). Moreover, the PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis evidenced the sole presence of S. thermophilus in the case of the industrial technology. These data sustain the hypothesis that, out of 11 cheeses analyzed previously, 1 PDO Caciocavallo Silano and 2 non-PDO Caciocavallo cheeses were obtained with the industrial technology. These results could be of help in the discrimination of PDO products, taking into account that the PDO production regulation does not allow the milk pasteurization, nor the use of selected starters

La contaduría forense en la investigación de delitos aduaneros

Trabajo de investigaciónEl trabajo investigativo que se presenta referido a la Contaduría Forense en la investigación de delitos aduaneros en el país surge del interés profesional del autor, en razón a su calidad de contador público, por estudiar de manera concreta las diferentes infracciones (administrativas, fiscales y penales) existentes en la normatividad y la necesidad de contar con elementos científicos para la investigación de esta especial criminalidad. Este breve estudio tiene varios matices partiendo de la normatividad legal vigente al momento de la elaboración de este documento, la determinación regulatoria en materia de pruebas, la aplicación de procedimientos y los mecanismos establecidos por las diferentes entidades para adelantar la valoración de información, junto con revisión de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia sobre la materia, los que ofrecen elementos suficientes para hacer una evaluación descriptiva sobre el alcance de la labor y el desempeño del profesional contador dedicado a esta rama de la contaduría.PregradoAbogad

Design and implementation of environmental education strategies for the integrated management of solid waste in Buenaventura’s coast guard

Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se busca mostrar la importancia en la gestión y el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos, ya que es un tema que concierne a todos, por ello los esfuerzos que se desarrollen para mejorar las etapas de su manejo, desde el momento de la generación hasta la disposición final no son vanos, puesto que se está aportando y mejorando la situación actual del medio ambiente de forma que se está previniendo posibles impactos ambientales negativos a corto, mediano y largo plazo, esto trasciende también a nivel global, ya que cualquier esfuerzo por la preservación del medio ambiente repercute en todo el mundo, por la intrínseca relación que existe entre nuestro nicho especifico y el planeta.Por consiguiente se planea conocer la condición actual del manejo de los residuos sólidos en la Estación De Guardacostas De Buenaventura por medio de una serie de actividades con el objeto de identificar cualitativa y cuantitativamente las características de los residuos y las condiciones reales de su manejo dentro de la estación, para así aportar información que contribuya a la realización de informes, actividades propuestas en el plan de acción y así mejorar las condiciones ambientales del área en donde se desarrollan las actividades administrativas y logísticas.With the development of this paper seeks to show the importance in the management and integrated management of solid waste, because it is an issue that concerns everyone, therefore efforts are developed to improve the stages of its operation, from the time of generation to final disposal are not in vain, since it is providing and improving the current state of the environment in a manner that is preventing possible negative short environmental impacts, medium and long term, it also transcends globally, since any effort to preserve the environment affects everyone, because of the intrinsic relationship between our specific niche and the planet. Therefore it is planned to determine the current status of the management of solid waste at Buenaventura´s Coast Guard Station through a series of activities in order to identify qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the waste and the actual conditions of their use within station, thus providing information that contributes to the production of reports, activities proposed in the environmental Action Plan and improve environmental conditions of the area where the administrative and logistical activities take place