Legal Challenges and Market Rewards to the Use and Acceptance of Remote Sensing and Digital Information as Evidence

Bakgrund I den nutida forskningen är det essentiellt att företag tar hänsyn till medarbetarnas motivation så att de gynnas av det arbetssätt som tillämpas. En arbetsmetod som blivit allt vanligare är konceptet Lean som ursprungligen kommer från den japanska bilindustrin. Lean har idag utvecklats till ett allmängiltigt koncept som tillämpas i flertalet branscher världen över. Trots att konceptet innebär flertalet positiva aspekter har det fått utstå stark kritik när det kommer till de mänskliga aspekterna och forskare har ställt sig frågan om Lean är "Mean". Kritiken härleds främst till medarbetares arbetsmiljö i form av stress och brist på variation, självbestämmande, hälsa och välmående. Få empiriska studier har däremot genomförts som undersöker konsekvenserna som Lean får på medarbetares upplevda motivation. Syfte Vårt syfte är att undersöka och öka förståelsen för medarbetares upplevelser av motivationen i företag som tillämpar Lean. Vidare har studien för avsikt att utreda om det föreligger en paradox mellan Lean och vad som motiverar medarbetare på en arbetsplats. Metod Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ metod via intervjuer. För att göra en djupare undersökning och analysera hur vårt fenomen, motivation, upplevs i en kontext med Lean tillämpade vi Små-N-studier. Vi har även haft en iterativ forskningsansats som förenat den deduktiva och induktiva ansatsen där studien pendlat mellan teorier och empiriska observationer fram tills det slutgiltiga resultatet. Slutsatser Utefter medarbetarnas upplevelser har vi identifierat att det inte föreligger någon paradox mellan Lean och motivation eftersom övervägande antal medarbetare upplevde att de är motiverade även om företaget tillämpar Lean. Dock har studien kunnat urskilja både stödjande och motverkande faktorer när det kommer till medarbetarnas upplevda arbetsförhållanden som i sin tur inverkar på motivationen. De motverkande faktorerna menar vi främst beror på att arbetsförhållandena i somliga fall innehåller höga prestationskrav, målstyrning samt standardiseringar. Vidare upplevs motivationen överlag som mer positiv när företagen använder en mjukare form av Lean där samtliga medlemmars intressen beaktas.Background In modern research, it is essential that companies consider employees’ motivation so that they benefit from the applied practices. A working method that has become increasingly common is the concept Lean, which has its origin in the Japanese automotive industry. Today, Lean has evolved into a universal concept that is applied in many industries worldwide. Although the concept involves numerous positive aspects it has endured strong criticism when it comes to the human aspects and researchers have raised the question if Lean is "Mean". Criticism is derived primarily to employees’ working conditions in terms of stress and lack, variation, autonomy, health and wellbeing. However, few empirical studies have been carried out that examines the impact that Lean has on employees’ experienced motivation. Aim The aim is to increase the understanding of employees’ experienced motivation in companies that practice Lean. Further on the study has the intention to investigate if there is a paradox between Lean and what motivates employees on work. Methodology The study has been conducted through a qualitative method by interviews and to be able to do a deeper examination and analyze how our phenomenon, motivation, is experienced in a Lean context we applied small-N-studies. Our strategy has been iterative, combining both a deductive and inductive approach, where the study has varied between theories and empirical observations until the final result. Conclusions We have identified that there is no paradox between Lean and motivation since the majority of employees’ experienced that they are motivated even though the company practice Lean. Nevertheless the study shows that there are both supportive and counteractive factors when it comes to the employees’ experienced working conditions. The counteractive factors consists foremost of high performance standards, goal steering and standardizations, and have in some cases a negative influence on the working conditions. Furthermore the experienced motivation is more positive overall when the companies use a softer form of Lean where all the members’ interests are taken into account

Feedback on trait or action impacts on caudate and paracingulum activity

There is a general conception that positive associations to one's trait, e.g. 'I'm clever', are beneficial for cognitive performance. Scientific evidence shows that this is a simplification. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we used written trial-based trait feedback 'you are clever', or task feedback 'your choice was correct', on each correct response of a rule-switching task, to investigate how the character of positive self-associations influences performance outcome. Twenty participants took part in this crossover design study. We found that trait feedback was less beneficial for motivation and performance improvement, and resulting in enhanced neural activation on more difficult bivalent rule trials. This indicates that the task was treated as more complex in this condition. For example, 'you are clever' feedback led to enhanced activation in anterior caudate nucleus, an area known to process uncertainty. We further observed that activation in anterior paracingulate cortex was sensitive to whether self-reflection was imposed by external feedback or generated from internal processes, where the latter activation correlated positively with performance when following after task feedback. Our results illustrate how feedback can evoke self-reflections that either help or hinder motivation and performance, most likely by impacting on processes of uncertainty. The results support social psychological models stipulating that trait focus take resources away from task focus

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in common vampire bats <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> and livestock in Peru

Antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial production of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) is a global threat to public health. ESBL resistance is most commonly hospital‐acquired; however, infections acquired outside of hospital settings have raised concerns over the role of livestock and wildlife in the zoonotic spread of ESBL‐producing bacteria. Only limited data are available on the circulation of ESBL‐producing bacteria in animals. Here, we report ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli in wild common vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and livestock near Lima, Peru. Molecular analyses revealed that most of this resistance resulted from the expression of blaCTX‐M‐15 genes carried by plasmids, which are disseminating worldwide in hospital settings and have also been observed in healthy children of Peru. Multilocus sequence typing showed a diverse pool of E. coli strains carrying this resistance that were not always host species‐specific, suggesting sharing of strains between species or infection from a common source. This study shows widespread ESBL resistance in wild and domestic animals, supporting animal communities as a potential source of resistance. Future work is needed to elucidate the role of bats in the dissemination of antibiotic‐resistant strains of public health importance and to understand the origin of the observed resistance

Update in the geographical distribution of the invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum in South of France: first attempts to identify factors favoring its establishment

Hyalomma marginatum, the main tick vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFv) in the Mediterranean Basin, has been reported for several decades in Corsica Island. However, its establishment in continental France is much more recent. Viable tick populations were observed for the first time in 2015; previous mentions only concerned isolated specimens that could have been likely introduced through bird mi-grations or terrestrial ungulate translocations. In order to investigate the current geo-graphical distribution of this tick species in south of France, two sampling campaigns were conducted at spring in 2017 and 2018. More than 80 horse structures were visited, since recent study conducted in Corsica demonstrated that horses are the most likely hosts for adult parasitic stages of H. marginatum and constitute good sentinels to de-tect its presence. We targeted structures with shrubby and grassy pastures for horses as they are considered suitable habitats for free-living stages of H. marginatum. During visits, the sampling pastures and the surrounding natural habitats were described and animal owners were questioned concerning their tick control practices, as well as an-imal movements as possible pathway for tick introduction. Combined with climatic conditions (at least temperature and humidity), all these parameters were considered as explanatory variables for modelling the occurrence and relative abundance of H. marginatum. Against all expectations, H. marginatum was detected among the entire Mediterranean region from the Pyrénées-Orientales (Spain border) to Var at the east. Local heterogeneity was highlighted with main presence hotspots around Perpignan, Montpellier, and Hyères, where the tick was fully absent from Camargue and Plain of Crau. Modelling analyses are under progress and results will be presented at the E-sove conference. As H. marginatum may have not filled yet its entire ecological niche, possi-ble approaches to monitor this invasion process will be discussed

Descriptions of Psycho-Social and Academic Support Systems in Schools for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Middle School and High School Students

This research explored the understanding of coming out, using qualitative methods. Through a semi-structured interview, the present study explored: individuals’ unique experiences of coming out in middle or high school, the challenges of coming out, supports available while in school, as well as ideas of how schools can support students who decide to come out. A central theme of the study was to uncover opportunities for schools to support GLBTQQ students who self-disclose a homosexual identity. The results of the current study suggest that schools are providing no supports to limited support systems for sexual minority youth. In reference to the unique experiences of coming out, four themes emerged, which include: Coming out as a process, Fear, Disclosure, and Psycho-Social. Themes extracted from the interviews were compared with Cass’ (1984) six-stage model of homosexual identity formation. The current study proposed a linear process, which includes: Self-Awareness, Self-Reflection, Self- Acceptance, Self-Confidence, and Self-Disclosure. In reference to challenges, results revealed that individuals faced bullying, rejection from peers and family members, depression and suicide attempts, running away and prostitution. In terms of supports, results revealed that schools should provide psycho-social supports (e.g., Gay-Straight Alliances, Teacher Mentors) and academic supports (e.g., inclusive curriculum, performing arts programs)

Formation and Evolution of Protoplanetary Discs

Protoplanetary discs and the protostars they surround are formed from the gravitational collapse of molecularcloud cores. These discs consist primarily of gas, with a small but important dust component. The roughlymm-sized grains that make up the dust component are the building blocks of planets. Over a timescale of upto a few million years, the dust in protoplanetary discs is lost. Some of the dust will be locked up intoplanetesimals and planets, but the majority of the decrease in the dust mass is likely caused by the radial driftof pebbles.In this thesis, I have studied the evolution of protoplanetary discs, with a focus on the evolution of the dustdisc through the radial drift of pebbles. I developed a numerical model that includes the formation of the discfrom a collapsing molecular cloud core, viscous evolution and photoevaporation of the gas disc, as well as thegrowth and radial drift of the dust disc.In Papers I and II, we explored the temporal evolution of the dust mass in protoplanetary discs due to radialpebble drift using a population synthesis approach. We found that discs undergoing radial pebble drift cansustain sufficient dust masses for long enough to explain the observed decrease in dust masses in observedprotoplanetary discs.In Paper III, we conducted synthetic observations of discs, comparing how the total flux emitted fromprotoplanetary discs evolves with their apparent size. We examined how this relationship depends on theinitial angular momentum of the cloud core from which the discs are created and on the efficiency of viscousheating. We found that discs with high angular momentum and weak viscous heating provide the bestagreement with measurements of real discs. Additionally, we found that discs undergoing radial drift aregenerally optically thin

Res Ipsa Loquitur

Res Ipsa Loquitu