Factors Affecting Honey Marketed Surplus of Beekeepers in Gera District of Oromia State, Ethiopia

Ethiopia has huge potential for beekeeping because of its endowment with diversity in climate and vegetation resources that potentially favor beekeeping. The gap in honey marketing is the main problem though Gera district is known for its high production of honey. Thus, this research attempted to analyze determinants of honey marketed surplus in Gera district of Oromia regional state. Multi stage sampling procedure was employed to draw sample of 139 honey producers. Descriptive statistics was used for characterizing farmers and econometrics analysis was used for identifying factors affecting honey marketed surplus. The two-stage least square regression model results showed that quantity of honey produced, family size, type of beehive used, beekeeping experience, distance to nearest market, frequency of extension contact and sex of the house hold head significantly affected honey marketed surplus. The study findings suggest that improving the input supply system, improving beekeeper’s knowledge, encouraging adult education, improving production of honey, expanding accessibility of market infrastructure and strengthening supportive institutions. Keywords: Two-stage least square regression: Marketed surplus; Honey. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/110-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

Investigating Users’ Perception about Biometric Security Mechanism: The Case of Ethiopia Banking Sector

Biometric identification is poised to gradually replace traditional approaches, such as passwords and PINs as a way of identifying and authenticating a person’s access to services that require identity verification. Despite benefits such as increased security and convenience for users concerns such as vulnerability to identity theft, and concerns about privacy and the security of biometric information may inhibit uptake. Drawing on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and using data collected from online banking users, this study will reports on the relative impacts of perceptions about biometric identification (i.e. its detractors and its benefits) on attitude towards biometric use. Implications for practice and future research will also be discussed

Investigating the Moderating Impact of National Culture in Information Systems Security Policy Violation: The Case of Italy and Ethiopia

Information systems security (ISS) has become one of the top agendas of companies located in the developed world. Despite this fact, there is an increasing trend in the types and frequency of ISS breaches. Most of the time researchers and practitioners focus on threat that are caused by external agents while most of the threats are originated from insiders. In addition to this, the majority of the investments and researches around ISS are limited to technically oriented solutions. It is now realized that the technical approach alone couldn’t bring the required level of ISS, and this led ISS researchers to embark on socio-technical approaches. One of the critical social factors that has been given little emphasis is culture. Thus, this research investigates the impact of national culture on employees’ ISS behaviour. Specifically, it answers the question “what is the moderating impact of national culture on the influence of ISS countermeasures on employees’ intention to violate ISS policies?” We will develop and test an empirical ISS compliance model, using rational choice theory and national culture constructs. Survey will be used to collect data from Italy and Ethiopia

Labor Induction

Introduction: Induction of labor is the process of artificially stimulating uterine contraction after the fetus has reached viability and before the spontaneous onset of labor for accomplishing vaginal delivery. It is a common obstetric procedure that is primarily indicated in the presence of complications that put continuing of pregnancy at risk. Its global rate is around 20% with great variation across regions. The most common indications are: postterm pregnancy, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, pre-labor rupture of membrane, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, abruption placenta, fetal congenital anomalies, and other medical disorders. Despite its huge significance in preventing neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity, induction of labor by itself has its own risks and complications compared to spontaneous labor, including a potential of failure to progress, leading to cesarean birth and its complications. When deciding undertaking induction of labor and after fulfilling the requirements for induction, the next step will be deciding which methods will be used to achieve it. Induction could be done medically, surgically, or both depending on the indication and other conditions

Study of clinical profile and surgical outcome of pterygium in adult patients at rural tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Pterygium is a benign, degenerative condition of the subconjunctival tissue, for which many surgical techniques ranging from McReynaud’s operation to conjunctival autograft and amniotic membrane graft, have been discussed in the literature. Grafts prevent a recurrence, acting as a barrier, and have proven to be the gold standard. Here we have studied the clinical profile and surgical outcome of pterygium surgery by various techniques at a Rural tertiary care hospital (RTCH). Aims/ Objectives: Our primary aim was to study demographical factors and clinical profile of pterygia along with the surgical outcome and postoperative complications of pterygium surgery by various techniques, at RTCH. Materials and Methods:  In this, hospital-based observational descriptive longitudinal study, we studied 75 patients, with primary progressive pterygium, who underwent pterygium surgery from September 2019- March 2021 and recorded their pre-operative, intraoperative, and postoperative data with a follow-up period of 3 months. Results: 74.6% of the population were females, with a bimodal peak incidence in 31-40 years and 61-70 years (22.6%).  Most common presentation in both eyes (46.6%) with 97.3% cases presenting with nasal pterygium. 66.6% of patients presented with a grade 2 pterygium. 50 patients had a pre-operative “with the rule astigmatism”. Pre-operative keratometry readings could not be assessed for 5 patients due to excessive distortion of the corneal surface. 37 patients underwent graft fixation with no suture no glue while 38 patients underwent graft fixation with sutures. The most common complication was graft edema which was seen in 53 patients, while recurrence was seen in 2 patients. Conclusion: The occurrence of pterygium is very common in rural areas, which in most cases, is neglected due to lack of awareness. Surgical excision with conjunctival autograft continues to be the gold standard of treatment for the same

Study of intraoperative challenges and early surgical outcome of phacoemulsification through temporal incision in patients with senile cataract at rural tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Temporal phacoemulsification (Phaco) gives a better surgical outcome in senile cataracts as it nullifies, “against the rule astigmatism” which is common in elderly patients. It is a well-established, effective and safe technique. We conducted this study to verify the surgical outcome of temporal phacoemulsification at a rural tertiary care hospital (RTCH). Aims and Objectives: To study the intra operative and early post-operative complications, post-operative UCVA (Uncorrected Visual Acuity) and BCVA (Best Corrected Visual Acuity) in patients with senile cataract who underwent temporal phacoemulsification.Materials and Methods: In this prospective, hospital-based observational study, we studied intraoperative and postoperative data of 42 patients, above 50 years of age, who underwent temporal phacoemulsification for senile cataracts from August 2019 to May 2020 after obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent from all patients. All patients underwent minimum 6 weeks of postoperative follow-up. Results: Out of 42 patients, 57.14% were females and the most common age group was 61-70 years. Intraoperative bleeding was seen in 19.04% of patients and the post-operative mild corneal stromal haze and mild uveitis were seen in 4.76% and 7.14% of patients on a postoperative day 1(POD 1) respectively. Reduction in preoperative “against the rule astigmatism” was seen in 68% of patients. All patients had a UCVA of >6/12 and a BCVA of 6/6 at the last follow-up. Conclusion: Temporal phacoemulsification gives a good UCVA and faster visual rehabilitation in patients with senile cataracts

Surgical outcome of optical penetrating keratoplasty in a rural tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Optical Penetrating Keratoplasty (OPKP) is the gold standard surgical treatment for full-thickness corneal lesions and it is a well-established effective and safe technique. We conducted this study to verify the surgical outcome of OPKP at our rural hospital. Aims and Objectives: To study the surgical outcome of OPKP in relation to corneal graft Clarity, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), and Post-Operative Complications (POC) Material and Methodology: In this prospective longitudinal hospital-based study we obtained postoperative data from patient’s records operated for OPKP from August 2018 to October 2019 after taking permission from IEC and patient’s consent. We included 22 patients who completed a minimum one-year follow-up. Results: Out of 22 OPKPs, 50.00% were males. 18.18% of patients were in the 41-50 yrs age group. 1) Graft clarity was seen in 59.09%. 2) BCVA > 6/18was observed in 9.09% pts. 3) POC – Graft failure was seen in 18.18%. Epithelial defect, Raised IOP, Uveitis, Cataract and Corneal vascularization were other problems. Conclusion: Though graft failure is a major complication, OPKP gives good BCVA and faster visual rehabilitation

Incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and predictors of positivity among HIV exposed infants in South Gondar public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: competing risk regression model.

BACKGROUND: The principal route of HIV infection in children is vertical transmission. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and predictors of positivity among HIV-exposed infants. METHOD: Institutions-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in South Gondar Public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia from December 2019 to November 2021. The data were taken from PMTCT logbooks and patient medical records, with death being the competing event. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and exported to STATA version 14 for final analysis. Both bivariable and multiple variable proportional subdistribution hazard analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value < 0.05 was level of significance. RESULT: A total of 469 exposed infant mother pairs records were included. The cumulative incidence rate at the end of the study period was 5.2 per 1000 person months (5.2; 95% CI: 3.4-8.0).Infants' absence of ARV prophylaxis at birth (aSHR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.33-10.48), Mothers with no PMTCT intervention (aSHR = 5.1; 95% CI: 1.83-14.03), home delivery (aSHR = 4.1; 95%CI: 1.46-11.63) and maternal disclosure of HIV status to partner/families (aSHR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.06-7.78) were predictors of HIV positivity. CONCLUSION: The study found that Infants' absence of ARV prophylaxis at birth, mothers without PMTCT intervention, home delivery and mothers who were not disclosing their HIV status to families were predictors of HIV positivity

Medicinal plants diversity among the oromo community in heban-arsi district of Ethiopia used to manage human and livestock ailments

IntroductionMedicinal plants are commonly employed mainly due their accessibility, affordability and potency. However, medicinal plants and the associated knowledge are disappearing at an alarming rate due to natural and anthropogenic causes and thus a need for their proper documentation conservation. This study was performed to document traditional knowledge related to use of medicinal plants in Heban-Arsi district, West-Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 185 informants to identify medicinal plants used in traditional therapies in the study area. Informant consensus factor (ICF), rank order priority (ROP) values were computed, and preference ranking exercises were performed to assess the relative importance of medicinal plants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to measure and compare medicinal plants knowledge between social groups.ResultsA total of 120 medicinal plants were identified for being used to treat different human and animal illnesses in the study area. Most of the medicinal plants (76.4%) were uncultivated ones obtained from different habitats. Leaf was the most frequently used plant part constituting 62.6% of preparations. Oral was the most commonly used route of remedy administration (46%) in treating diseases. Gastrointestinal ailments category had the highest ICF value (0.83). In the study area, the highest rank order priority (ROP) values were recorded for Dombeya torrida (J.F. Gmel.), Artemisia absinthium L., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Combretum pisoniiflorum Klotzsch) Engl., Celtis africana Burm. f, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lagenaria sp. for their uses against snake poison, tuberculosis, liver disorder, stomachache, tuberculosis, febrile illness and liver disorder, respectively, each scoring a value of 100. Significant differences in medicinal plant use knowledge were recorded between male and female informants of different educational level, age and experience. Anthropogenic factors were the primary threats to medicinal plants in the area.ConclusionThe study area was found to be rich in medicinal plants that are useful in treating a wide range of human and animal illnesses. In future pharmacological and phytochemical investigations, priority needs to be given to medicinal plants of the highest ROP values and those that were reported against ailment categories scoring the highest ICF values