Seasonal moisture sources and the isotopic composition of precipitation, rivers, and carbonates across the Andes at 32º-35.5°S

Constraining the influence of different moisture sources across the flanks of mountain ranges is important for understanding tectonic, geomorphic, and paleoclimate problems at geologic timescales, as well as evaluating climate change and water resources on human time scales. The stable isotope compositions of stream waters and precipitation are an ideal tool for this task. This study reports the results of a 2 year monthly precipitation sampling campaign on the eastern flank of the Andes in the Mendoza Province of Argentina, which began in September 2008. A total of 104 precipitation samples spanning some 2500 m of relief from nine sites were analyzed for δD and δ18O. In addition, 81 samples from Andean rivers collected on both sides of the range in 2002 and 2007 were analyzed. We employ a Rayleigh isotope fractionation modeling approach to explore spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and river water compositions. The results indicate that precipitation on the eastern slopes of the Andes at ~33°S, at elevations above 2 km, is largely derived from a westerly, Pacific-source component and a mixture of easterly and westerly sources below 2 km. Further south at ~35°S, river water compositions exhibit a strong winter influence. At 33°S, rivers have an isotopic minimum of ~ −18? across the core of the range, which has an average elevation of 4000 m, and are topographically offset from similar isotopic values of precipitation by +1000 m. Comparison of precipitation and river water data with temperature-corrected δ18O estimates from pedogenic carbonates illustrates that carbonates capture the range of variability observed in modern precipitation and Rayleigh fractionation models.Fil: Hoke, Gregory D.. Syracuse University. Department of Earth Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Aranibar, Julieta Nelida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Viale, Maximiliano. Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Geofísica. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Araneo, Diego Christian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Llano, Carina. Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael. Departamento de Antropología; Argentin

PELAKSANAAN PERALIHAN HAK MILIK MELALUI JUAL BELI DI KANTOR PERTANAHAN KABUPATEN BLORA

Land is a very important factor in people's lives. Besides clothing and human food also need the land as their place of residence. For provide legal certainty and secure land ownership to the right holders land, then they must have evidence called a certificate. Issues studied in This final task is how the process of transfer of ownership rights through selling and buying in The Blora District Land Office and what obstacles arose in the process transfer of property rights through the sale and purchase as well as steps to overcome obstacles the. This research method uses qualitative method. Retrieval technique data obtained from interviews and literature study. Taking informants using purposive sampling technique, the informant is Mr. Bayu Indarto, SH as Section Head of the Transition of Land Rights at the Land Office of Blora Regency. The results of the research show that the reality in the field of many people who do not understand how to handle the transfer of Right to Land on Sale and Purchase, this is caused also because the National Land Agency did not do socialization about regulations governing the transfer of Land Rights, the policy factor of the Head of Office often a constraint, in addition there are also obstacles arising from the Office employees Land, and the Community itself. However, these barriers are now can be resolved

Hydrogeology and hidrogeochemical modeling in phreatic aquifer of NE Mendoza, Argentina

The objectives of this study are to develop a conceptual hydrogeological model and evaluate groundwater hydrochemical characteristics of the aquifer in the Guanacache Travesía, in the central Monte desert of Mendoza (Argentina). The region has been granted to aboriginal communities for communal use and is experiencing economic development. The area has limited surface water resources and relies on groundwater for economic activities, and in many cases, for human consumption. There are no hydrogeochemical studies on the quality of this water as drinking water or its suitability for agriculture and raising livestock. The present study provides information on water quality and availability in the northeast of Mendoza Province. It includes a detailed review of relevant bibliography, including scattered and unpublished studies with geological and geomorphological data. It also includes water level measurements, a definition of water flow direction and hydrochemical analyses, including some trace elements and isotopic data. The hydrogeological model shows a discharge area characterized by vertical upward flows, evident by thermal waters, lakes, salt deposits and the presence of reduced arsenic in some boreholes. The dominance of fine sediments, low relief, scarce local precipitation, low recharge from precipitation, and low groundwater velocities result in long residence times for groundwater and poor renovation (with remote recharge area). Groundwater has high salt content and hardness, as well as trace elements such as fluoride and arsenic. Localized patches of low salinity waters are found along paleochannels. The isotopic signature of these waters indicates distant precipitation from the mountains, which could also have recharged the aquifer in historic times. In addition to the important geologic controls on surface and groundwater flows, human activities affect local conditions of the aquifer near livestock gathering areas, increasing nitrate concentrations and the proportion of As(III) relative to As(V).El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo hidrogeológico y evaluar las características hidroquímicas de las aguas subterráneas del acuífero de la Travesía Guanacache, en la zona central del desierto del Monte de Mendoza (Argentina). La región se ha cedido a las comunidades aborígenes para uso comunal y está experimentando un desarrollo económico. La zona cuenta con limitados recursos de agua superficial y depende de las aguas subterráneas para sus actividades económicas, y en muchos casos, para el consumo humano. No hay estudios hidrogeoquímicos sobre la calidad del agua para consumo humano, agrícola y ganadero. El presente estudio proporciona información sobre la calidad y disponibilidad del agua en el noreste de la provincia de Mendoza. Se incluye una revisión detallada de la bibliografía existente, incluyendo estudios geológicos y geomorfológicos dispersos y no publicados. En el presente estudio se recolectaron medidas de nivel estático, se definió la dirección del flujo de agua y se realizaron análisis hidroquímicos, incluyendo algunos elementos traza y estudios isotópicos. El modelo hidrogeológico evidencia una zona de descarga que se caracteriza por flujos verticales ascendentes, las aguas termales, lagunas, depósitos de sal y la presencia de especie reducida del arsénico en algunos pozos. El predominio de sedimentos finos, bajo relieve, la precipitación local escasa, baja recarga de las precipitaciones y bajas velocidades de agua subterránea como resultado largos tiempos de permanencia de las aguas subterráneas y baja renovación (con área de recarga alejada). El agua subterránea tiene alto contenido de sal y dureza, así como algunos elementos trazas, tales como fluoruro y arsénico. Algunas muestras de agua de baja salinidad se encuentran a lo largo de paleocanales. La firma isotópica de estas aguas indica precipitación distante en las áreas de montaña. Además del control que ejercen los procesos geológicos en y sobre los flujos de aguas subterráneas, las actividades humanas afectan a las condiciones locales del acuífero cerca de las zonas de corrales de ganado, pudiendo aumentar las concentraciones de nitratos y la proporción de As(III) con respecto a As(V)

Rock Classification in Organic Shale Based on Petrophysical and Elastic Rock Properties Calculated from Well Logs

This thesis introduces a rock classification technique for organic-rich shale that takes into account well-log-based estimates of compositional, petrophysical, and elastic properties. Well logs and laboratory core measurements were used to calculate depth-by-depth petrophysical and compositional properties of three wells in two organic-rich formations. Then, either acoustic well logs or effective medium theories helped estimate formation elastic properties. Estimates of total porosity, Total Organic Content (TOC), fluid saturation, volumetric concentrations of mineral constituents, and elastic properties facilitated identification of different rock classes, using an unsupervised artificial neural network. A good rock classification technique improves (a) petrophysical evaluation of organic-rich shale reservoirs, (b) fluid flow characterization, (c) detection of productive zones for fracturing jobs, and (d) prediction of hydraulic fracturing and stimulation effectiveness. Then, a rock classification method was then applied to the field examples from the Haynesville shale and Woodford shales for rock classification. The estimates of porosity, TOC, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and volumetric concentrations of minerals were obtained and then validated by comparing them to laboratory measurements. These calculated properties and well logs served as inputs to an artificial neural network to identify the different rock classes in both formations. Finally, the rock classes enabled identification of good candidate zones for fracture stimulation

The filters in the houses by Glenn Murcutt: before and after the encounter with Coderch in 1973

This research work explores the use of filters as a sustainable design strategy and wellbeing in the houses by Glenn Murcutt. It examines how these filters improve the adaptation to the climate, the relationship with the exterior, comfort and environmental quality in the houses. It focuses on the influence of José Antonio Coderch after a trip the Australian architect made to Catalonia in 1973. Murcutt met Coderch and could visit much of his work. This influenced on his way to understand architecture. The present research work tackles too how philosophy as well as Coderch´s methods had an impact on Murcutt´s work afterwards, above all in the use of filters. The core of this work is divided into three chapters that analize the evolution of Murcutt´s design before and after meeting Coderch. Two houses are being studied in detail: the Laurie Short House (Sydney, 1972-74) and the Simpson-Lee House (Mount Wilson, 1988-93). The former is analised in two versions, i.e., a preliminary one and a final one, with the aim of showing how meeting Coderch influenced on the design changes. The latter was built twenty years later and it shows how the filters are also being used in a more contemporary work. In the preliminary version, the Laurie Short House has limitations as for the adaptation to the climate and the relationship with the exterior. However, the final version shows major improvements due to the use of filters and a greater integration with the natural environment. These changes show Coderch´s direct influence. The Simpson-Lee House shows the culmination of Murcutt´s techniques and philosophies. The house uses filters in a sophisticated way to control sunlight, ventilation and the views. These elements are integrated in the global design of the building. This integration improves the functionality and the energy efficiency and it also enhances the aesthetic value and the connection with the landscape. The conclusion of this work is that the filters in Murcutt´s houses contribute to a better adaptation to the climate, to a greater connection with the exterior and to greater environmental comfort. Apart from the practical functions of these elements, they also give an aesthetic and symbolic dimension to his works. Coderch´s influence, as for renewing modern architecture and using shading devices, is obvious in the evolution of Murcutt´s techniques. This work underlines the importance of the filters in Murcutt´s work and his constant search for perfectionism in the sustainable architectural design. Finally, two future lines of investigation are related to the present one. On one hand, visiting the works on site and interviewing the architect to confirm the obtained results and the conclusions. On the other hand, exploring the possibility to apply his techniques in Mediterranean climates, which are similar to the climate in some regions in Australia, and to assess their effectiveness in different contexts. Key words: Glenn Murcutt, José Antonio Coderch, filters, sustainability, bioclimatic architecture, vernacular architecture, architecture and landscape.El presente trabajo de investigación explora el uso de filtros como estrategia de diseño sostenible y de bienestar en las casas de Glenn Murcutt. En particular, se examina cómo estos filtros mejoran la adaptación climática, la relación con el exterior, el confort y la calidad ambiental en sus viviendas. El estudio pone el foco en la influencia de José Antonio Coderch, gracias a un viaje que el arquitecto australiano hizo en 1973 a Cataluña. En dicho viaje, Murcutt pudo conocer a Coderch y visitar una buena parte de su obra, la cual influyó significativamente en su manera de entender la arquitectura. Este trabajo también estudia cómo la filosofía y los métodos de Coderch impactaron en la obra posterior de Murcutt, especialmente en el uso de filtros. La parte central del trabajo se divide en tres capítulos que analizan la evolución del diseño de Murcutt antes y después de su encuentro con Coderch. Se estudian en detalle dos casas: la casa Laurie Short (Sydney, 1972-74) y la casa Simpson-Lee (Mount Wilson, 1988-93). La primera se analiza en dos versiones, una preliminar y otra final, para mostrar cómo el encuentro con Coderch influyó en los cambios de diseño. La segunda, construida veinte años después, muestra de que manera, el uso de filtros se ha continuado dando en una obra más contemporánea. La casa Laurie Short, en su versión preliminar, presenta limitaciones en cuanto a la adaptación climática y la relación con el exterior. Sin embargo, la versión final muestra mejoras significativas, gracias a la incorporación de filtros y a una mayor integración con el entorno natural. Estos cambios evidencian la influencia directa de las enseñanzas de Coderch. La casa Simpson-Lee, construida en la etapa madura de Murcutt, ejemplifica la culminación de sus técnicas y filosofías. La vivienda utiliza filtros de manera sofisticada para controlar la luz solar, la ventilación y las vistas, integrando estos elementos en el diseño global del edificio. Esta integración no solo mejora la funcionalidad y la eficiencia energética, sino que también realza el valor estético y la conexión con el paisaje. El estudio concluye que los filtros en las casas de Murcutt contribuyen significativamente a una mejor adaptación climática, una mayor conexión con el exterior y un confort ambiental superior. Estos elementos no solo cumplen funciones prácticas, sino que también aportan una dimensión estética y simbólica a sus obras. La influencia de Coderch, en términos de renovar la arquitectura moderna y utilizar mecanismos de control solar, es evidente en la evolución de las técnicas de Murcutt. Este trabajo destaca la importancia de los filtros en la obra de Murcutt y su continua búsqueda de perfeccionamiento en el diseño arquitectónico sostenible. Finalmente, se apuntan dos futuras líneas de investigación relacionadas con la presente investigación. Por un lado, visitar las obras in situ y entrevistar al autor para corroborar los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones. Y por otro lado, explorar la posibilidad de aplicar sus técnicas en climas mediterráneos, similar al de ciertas regiones australianas, para evaluar su eficacia en diferentes contextos

FONDOS DEL SISTEMA NACIONAL DE PENSIONES

The national pension system in Peru plays a crucial role in retirees\u27 economic stability. Over the years, it has undergone reforms and debates. This essay explores its history, structure, contributions, benefits, and challenges. It underscores the importance of understanding its operation and the necessary reforms to ensure a better quality of life for retirees.El sistema nacional de pensiones en el Perú es vital para la estabilidad económica de los jubilados. A lo largo de los años, ha experimentado reformas y debates. Este ensayo explora su historia, estructura, aportes, beneficios y desafíos. Se destaca la importancia de comprender su funcionamiento y las reformas necesarias para garantizar una mejor calidad de vida para los jubilados

Red Rover, Red Rover: Simulation of an Unpressurized Manned Rover for Use on Mars Surface

Continuing their work from last semester on the Unpressurized Manned Rover for Use on Mars Surface topic of the Fall 2003 TSGC Design Challenge, The Trinity Tigernauts have created a 1:6 scale model of their previously designed Mars rover. The TSGC project was again integrated into ENGR 4382, a senior-level design course in Trinity University\u27s engineering science curriculum, as many of the course\u27s requirements overlapped with those of the Design Challenge. This report is intended to provide an account of the completed Mars rover project. The Tigernauts and the group\u27s collaborators are introduced, and background information regarding the topic at hand is presented. This is followed by the group\u27s specific design objectives and the methodology followed in completing the project. Finally, design requirements and restraints of the project are discussed and a final design concept for the rover is presented