Governance of substance use as a by-product of policing in Norway : a historical account

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Condition Assessment of Hydro Generator Stator Bar Insulation Examination of PD void activity versus AC voltage magnitude and frequency

Innføringen av væravhengige fornybare energikilde i det eksisterende nettet vil påvirke det nåværende driftsmønsteret fra strømproduksjon vi kjenner i dag. Når man kombinerer energikilder som sol- og vindkraft med kraftproduksjon fra vannkraft, blir driften endret hvor maskiner blir utsatt for flere start og stopp, samtidig som det kjøres med en tyngre last. Det er uunngåelig at dette påvirker tilstanden til generatorer, men i hvilken grad denne overgangen i kjøremønsteret er skadelig for vannkraftsgeneratorer over tid er ikke kjent. Dette gjør det nødvendig å ha tilstrekkelig diagnostikk og tilstands analyse tilgjengelig for å forlenge levetiden til generatorene. Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å adressere problemstillingen rundt PD analyse, og bruke tilgjengelige metoder for påvisning og karakterisering av partielle utladninger i høyspennings isolasjon. Målet er å vurdere effekten av høyspenning AC-testing ved veldig lave frekvenser og opp til 50Hz både teoretisk og eksperimentelt. En litteraturstudie og teoretisk bakgrunn er presentert som et grunnlag for arbeidet som presenteres i resultat og diskusjon. Det er to deler til denne oppgaven, en teoretisk analyse av PD-egenskaper og et eksperimentelt forsøk for et sett med generator staver for å undersøke PD-egenskaper med tanke på PDIV/PDEV og utladningsstørrelse. For den teoretiske delen har det blitt simulert et sylindrisk og sfærisk hulrom for å undersøke endringen i det elektriske feltet ved økende hulromslengde og bredde med FEM-simulering. Når lengde/bredde forholdet avtar, er feltet nær homogent uten tilsynelatende kanteffekt for hulrommet med 0.2mm bredde og 2mm lengde fordi det svært høye feltet er påvist gjennom hele hulrommet. Kanteffekten hadde en liten økning av det totale arealet som ble påvirket da hulrommet ble mindre, denne effekten avtok ved hulrom over 10mm. Det maksimale feltet i hjørnene økte sammen med en økende lengde av hulrommet ved konstant bredde. Det elektriske feltet til et sfærisk hulrom var lik den teoretiske ligningen for hulrom under 10mm i diameter, da den totale isolasjonstykkelsen økte tilsvarende. Ved måling under konstant isolasjonstykkelse for sfærisk hulrom med endring i lengde, ble det oppdaget avvik fra teorien da hulrommets diameter overskred 1/3 av isolasjonstykkelsen allerede ved 1mm. En frekvensavhengighet ble påvist for de sylindriske hulrommene under svært lave frekvenser. Et avvik på 14% i PDIV for et hulrom på 2.2mm ble observert for en VLF på 10-6 sammenlignet med ved 50Hz. I de eksperimentelle laboratorieundersøkelsene ble det testet to brukte generatorstaver fra nær HV terminal og to tilsvarende ubrukte back-up staver. En av back-up stavene viste en PDIV på 50% av gjennomsnittet av de tre andre test-objektene. Under maksimal spenning i drift har stavene blitt utsatt for en spenning på 1.9kV, mens PDIV viste 500V under denne grensen. Gjennomsnittet av de tre stavene med like PDIV/PDEV-nivåer kunne tilnærme seg den teoretiske estimeringen av PDIV, der et hulrom på 1.9mm forårsaket den samme PDIV verdien som i test objektene. Gjennomsnittlig utladningsstørrelse for stav S2 og R2 var begge avhengig av frekvensen og PDIV-nivået. Gjennomsnittlig utladningsstørrelse var 87% høyere for den brukte staven S2, enn back-up staven R2.The introduction of weather dependent renewable energy to the existing grid is affecting the current operating pattern of electricity production. When combining energy sources like PV and wind power to power production from hydro power, the operation is controlled with more starts and stops, and at a heavier load than known before. It is inevitable that this affects the condition of the generator, however in what degree this transition will be harmful for hydro generators over time is not clear. This makes proper diagnostic testing and condition assessment valuable to increase the lifetime of hydro generators. The main purpose of this thesis is to address the concerning issues using partial techniques for detection of internal critical voids in high voltage insulation. The aim is considering the effect of high voltage AC testing at very low frequencies to 50Hz both theoretically and experimentally. A literature survey is given together with the theory to provide a basis for the work presented in the results and discussion. There are two parts to this thesis, one theoretical analysis of PD characteristics and one experimental laboratory test for a set of stator rods testing their PD characteristics considering PDIV/PDEV and charge magnitude. For the theoretical part a cylindrical and spherical void has been simulated for their electric field with an increasing void length and gap distance in a FEM-tool. As the gap-length relation decreases, the field is close to homogeneous with no present edge effect for the void with 0.2mm gap distance and 2mm length due to the very high field throughout the field. The edge effect had a small increase in terms of total area affected as the void grew smaller, and no noticeable difference was proven with void lengths bigger than 10mm. The magnitude of the electric field at the very corners increased along with an increasing length when the gap distance was fixed. The electric field of a spherical void was equal to the theoretical limitation for voids under 10mm diameter when the total insulation thickness increased accordingly. With a fixed insulation thickness and the void diameter increasing, a deviation from the theory was seen already when the void diameter exceeded 1/3 of the insulation thickness by 1mm. A frequency dependency was proven for the cylindrical voids under very low frequencies. A 14% deviation in PDIV for a 2.2mm void was observed for a VLF of 10-6 compared to at 50Hz. In the experimental laboratory tests, two service aged near HV and 2 back-up stator rods from a Norwegian run-of-the-river power plant was tested. One of the back-up rods proved a PDIV of 50% of the average of the 3 other rods tested. The peak operating voltage for the rods were 1.9kV, while the PDIV was 500V under this limit. The average of the three rods with equal PDIV/PDEV levels could be approximated to the theoretical estimation of PDIV, where a void of 1.9mm could cause the equal PDIV in the rods. Rod, S2, with a low PDIV did not fit the theoretical model. The average charge magnitude for rod S2 and R2 were both dependent on the frequency and the PDIV level. The average charge magnitude was 87% higher for the service rod than the back-up rod at 50Hz

Internet of Things (IoT) - Ecosystem and Indoor Climate Dashboard for Visualization in Domestic Homes

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a ubiquitous ”thing” that we are not aware of. It fits right into daily life as we do our chores, making it simpler without us knowing it in the background. IoT is a ”thing” that digitalizes everyday objects and generates a huge amount of data at our disposal. If the data are not handled with analytics or visualization to give meaningful insights it can be wasted. Design theory is a cornerstone in the process of designing a good dashboard. This thesis aims to validate the current design theory by applying it to a dashboard using an IoT ecosystem as its data source. This was done through iterative prototyping and user testing. The results show that some design theory elements are prevalent, while others are not so important. Having the human-in-the-loop approach and design theory combined is a necessity for creating good design. The final prototype reflects the results of the user testing and can be seen as an indicator of good design

Experimental gene expression modulation - A practical and theoretical approach

The aim of this project was to create a stable knockout cell model with the CRISPR/Cas9 method for programmable genome editing that would make it possible to run long term assays to further investigate the cellular function of the long non-coding RNA FAM83H-AS1. The CRISPR/Cas9 method is compared to gene knockdown with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) via the RNA interference (RNAi) system in cells. The cell lines T-47D, MDA-MB-468, and BT474 were transfected with the CRISPR/Cas9 components by electroporation and single cell sorted by flow cytometry. Wild type T-47D cells were transfected with siRNAs towards the target gene. knockout status of the CRISPR clones was determined by PCR, and the expression levels of FAM83H-AS1 and FAM83H was measured with RT-qPCR. Our attempt at creating a CRISPR knockout cell line resulted in eight T-47D CRISPR clones; three heterozygous knockout clones, and five clones where the FAM83H-AS1 gene remained intact in both alleles. We were not successful at making a homozygous knockout clone, or expanding CRISPR clones in MDA-MB-468 and BT474 cells. Analyses of the T-47D clones with RT-qPCR showed variable expression levels of FAM83H-AS1 in the three heterozygous clones. The expression level of FAM83H seems to follow the expression of FAM83H-AS1 in all clones. This was not seen with siRNA knockdown of FAM83H-AS1, and suggests a relationship between the sense, FAM83H, and antisense gene, FAM83H-AS1, at the transcriptional level. Conclusively, there are several advantages and disadvantages with each knockdown strategy, and as our results show the CRISPR/Cas9 method is not the most suitable option for long term knockout of gene expression in our epithelial cell lines. Knockdown with shRNA might prove to be a feasible alternative as stable gene silencing is possible and some of the methodological issues with the CRISPR/Cas9 technique is overcome

A hidden Markov model approach for determining expression from genomic tiling micro arrays

BACKGROUND: Genomic tiling micro arrays have great potential for identifying previously undiscovered coding as well as non-coding transcription. To-date, however, analyses of these data have been performed in an ad hoc fashion. RESULTS: We present a probabilistic procedure, ExpressHMM, that adaptively models tiling data prior to predicting expression on genomic sequence. A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to model the distributions of tiling array probe scores in expressed and non-expressed regions. The HMM is trained on sets of probes mapped to regions of annotated expression and non-expression. Subsequently, prediction of transcribed fragments is made on tiled genomic sequence. The prediction is accompanied by an expression probability curve for visual inspection of the supporting evidence. We test ExpressHMM on data from the Cheng et al. (2005) tiling array experiments on ten Human chromosomes [1]. Results can be downloaded and viewed from our web site [2]. CONCLUSION: The value of adaptive modelling of fluorescence scores prior to categorisation into expressed and non-expressed probes is demonstrated. Our results indicate that our adaptive approach is superior to the previous analysis in terms of nucleotide sensitivity and transfrag specificity

En casestudie av kvalitetssystemet til en fiskeforedlingsbedrift

Masteroppgave i bedriftsøkonomi - Universitetet i Nordland - 201

Colloid chemistry and experimental techniques for understanding fundamental behaviour of produced water in oil and gas production

Due to increasing volumes of produced water and environmental concerns related to its discharge, water treatment has become a major challenge during the production of crude oil and natural gas. With continuously stricter regulations for discharging produced water to sea, the operators are obliged to look for ways to improve the treatment processes or re-use the water in a beneficial way, for example as a pressure support during oil recovery (produced water re-injection). To improve the knowledge of the underlying phenomena governing separation processes, detailed information of the composition and interfacial properties of produced water is undoubtedly useful and could provide valuable input for better understanding and improving separation models. This review article summarizes knowledge gained about produced water composition and the most common treatment technologies, which are later used to describe the fundamental phenomena occurring during separation. These colloidal interactions, such as coalescence of oil droplets, bubble-droplet attachment or partitioning of components between oil and water, are of crucial importance for the performance of various technologies and are sometimes overlooked in physical considerations of produced water treatment. The last part of the review deals with the experimental methodologies that are available to study these phenomena, provide data for models and support development of more efficient separation processes.acceptedVersion© 2020. This is the authors’ accepted and refereed manuscript to the article. Locked until 10.1.2022 due to copyright restrictions. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Elevenes kommunikasjon ved bruk av rollekategorier og dramaforløp. En kvalitativ casestudie som belyser hva som kjennetegner elevenes kommunikasjon gjennom bruk av dramaundervisning

Master i grunnskolelærerutdanning 5-10, Matematikk 4 - 202

Fitness cost and excision rate of the conjugative transposon Tn916

Dental infections are getting more difficult to treat because of the increasing amount of antibiotic resistant oral bacteria. A bacterium can acquire resistance by horizontal gene transfer, this allows a bacterial population to acquire antibiotic resistance genes at a great rate. Occasionally, newly acquired resistance can reduce bacterial fitness. However, bacteria can evolve quickly to compensate for any fitness loss. Mobile genetic elements are genetic elements capable of translocation in the same genome, or move between bacterial species or cross bacterial populations. Mobile genetic elements are important from a clinical point of view because they can mediate the transfer of antibiotic resistance. Tn916 is a type of mobile genetic element which can be transferred into a wide range of bacterial phyla. This study aimed to investigate the fitness cost of newly acquired Tn916 in Enterococcus faecium through investigation of growth curves of different strains of E. faecium with and without Tn916. This study will also investigate the excision rate of Tn916, using ddPCR