Error Analysis of Phonetic Fossilization Uttered by English Department Students University of PGRI Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe dan latar belakang fosilisasi fonetik yang diucapkan oleh mahasiswa semester 5 Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas PGRI Semarang tahun 2014/2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan data kualitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah para mahasiswa semester 5 yang mengambil mata kuliah English Phonology dengan jumlahmahasiswa 200. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas 5E, kelas yang paling aktif dan dominan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 15% kata di dalam kuesioner penelitian yang berhasil dilafalkan dengan baik oleh para responden. Itu artinya bahwa fosilisasi fonetik dilakukan lebih dari 75% responden. Tipe kesalahan yang dibuat adalah tipe fosilisasi fonetik baik dalam kategori perseorangan maupun kelompok, sementara itu alasan-alasan mereka melakukan kesalahan adalah; 1)Simbol fonetik yang masih tidak familier bagi mahasiswa semester. 2) Terdapat habituasi dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang merujuk pada dua faktor: internal dan eksternal. Faktor internalnya adalah mahasiswa itu sendiri, yang berarti motivasi untuk belajar dan hasrat untuk lebih dalam mempelajari simbol -simbol fonetik. Faktor eksternalnya merujuk pada proses pembelajaran dan sudut pandang dosen. 3) Metode yang digunakan oleh para dosen pengampu mata kuliah English Phonology and Pronounciation. Masalah ini harus diturunkan karena 90% dari mahasiswa menyatakan di dalam wawancara bahwa mereka sangat tertarik dengan subjek ini danjuga menyatakan bahwa para dosen tidak memberikan tekanan, namun faktanya persentase kesalahan dalam pelafalan di atas rata-rata.Berdasarkan pada hasil-haasil ini, peneliti memberika saran sebagai berikut; 1) Permasalahan ini menjadi tugas bagi seluruh dosen bahasa Inggris, tidak hanya dosen yang mengajar mata kuliah English Phonology and Pronunciation. 2) Simbolsimbol fonetik harus diterapkan secara intensif dan integral sehingga para mahasiswa dapat familier dengan simbol-simbol tersebut. 3) Kebutuhan akan penelitian lebih lanjut yang terkait dengan metode-metode yang digunakan oleh para dosen

Pengembangan Buku Ajar Biologi Sel dengan Pendekatan Bioinformatika

Textbooks are learning guide books used by students in order to help achieve the goals of national education. Development of textbooks is one of the ways in which to facilitate the achievement of learning indicators. Development of Cell Biology textbooks by using bioinformatics approaches Dick and Carey development model. Textbooks developed validated by subject matter experts, instructional media experts, individual testing 15 students, and 15 students were group trial. Validation results matter experts declared feasible by 84% in good categories. The results of the validation study media experts declared feasible by 82.4% in good categories.Buku ajar merupakan buku panduan pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh siswa guna membantu mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Pengembangan buku ajar merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk memfasilitasi tercapainya indikator pembelajaran. Pengembangan buku ajar Biologi Sel dengan pendekatan Bioinformatika menggunakan model pengembangan Dick and Carey. Buku ajar yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media pembelajaran, 15 mahasiswa uji coba perorangan, dan 15 mahasiswa uji coba kelompok sedang. Hasil validasi ahli materi menyatakan layak sebesar 84% dengan kategori baik. Hasil validasi ahli media pembelajaran menyatakan layak sebesar 82,4% dengan kategori baik

Surface stress of Ni adlayers on W(110): the critical role of the surface atomic structure

Puzzling trends in surface stress were reported experimentally for Ni/W(110) as a function of Ni coverage. In order to explain this behavior, we have performed a density-functional-theory study of the surface stress and atomic structure of the pseudomorphic and of several different possible 1x7 configurations for this system. For the 1x7 phase, we predict a different, more regular atomic structure than previously proposed based on surface x-ray diffraction. At the same time, we reproduce the unexpected experimental change of surface stress between the pseudomorphic and 1x7 configuration along the crystallographic surface direction which does not undergo density changes. We show that the observed behavior in the surface stress is dominated by the effect of a change in Ni adsorption/coordination sites on the W(110) surface.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures Published in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24 (2012) 13500

The atomic structure of low-index surfaces of the intermetallic compound InPd

The intermetallic compound InPd (CsCl type of crystal structure with a broad compositional range) is considered as a candidate catalyst for the steam reforming of methanol. Single crystals of this phase have been grown to study the structure of its three low-index surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions, using low energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). During surface preparation, preferential sputtering leads to a depletion of In within the top few layers for all three surfaces. The near-surface regions remain slightly Pd-rich until annealing to ∼580 K. A transition occurs between 580 and 660 K where In segregates towards the surface and the near-surface regions become slightly In-rich above ∼660 K. This transition is accompanied by a sharpening of LEED patterns and formation of flat step-terrace morphology, as observed by STM. Several superstructures have been identified for the different surfaces associated with this process. Annealing to higher temperatures (≥750 K) leads to faceting via thermal etching as shown for the (110) surface, with a bulk In composition close to the In-rich limit of the existence domain of the cubic phase. The Pd-rich InPd(111) is found to be consistent with a Pd-terminated bulk truncation model as shown by dynamical LEED analysis while, after annealing at higher temperature, the In-rich InPd(111) is consistent with an In-terminated bulk truncation, in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the relative surface energies. More complex surface structures are observed for the (100) surface. Additionally, individual grains of a polycrystalline sample are characterized by micro-spot XPS and LEED as well as low-energy electron microscopy. Results from both individual grains and “global” measurements are interpreted based on comparison to our single crystals findings, DFT calculations and previous literature

Pre-flight experiments for the unmanned aerial monitoring system (UAMS) radioactive detection under its limitations

Over the past few years, drones have become a popular tool for a variety of applications related to nuclear activities, including outdoor and indoor surveys, and dose mapping. Drones have been employed by the industry in terms of improving worker safety, saving time, and reducing costs. In this study, an unmanned aerial monitoring system (UAMS) was designed and fabricated under its limitation to detect radioactive hotspots. The final goal is to map environmental radioactivity and extract radioactive concentration points; therefore, preliminary experiments were performed to reach a robust detection system and also to study effective flight altitudes that UAMS is able to detect anomalies. UAMS consisted of a detection system including a two-inch sodium iodine crystal, a data-acquisition system, and a mini-computer that all were installed under a drone body. One Cs-137 and two Co-60 sources were used for the initial monitoring of UAMS. The results showed that the system is able to detect the sources in the height range of 80 cm to 3 meters

One ring (or two) to hold them all. On the structure and function of protein nanotubes

Understanding the structural determinants relevant to the formation of supramolecular assemblies of homo-oligomeric proteins is a traditional and central scope of structural biology. The knowledge thus gained is crucial both to infer their physiological function and exploit their architecture for bionanomaterials design. Protein nanotubes made by one-dimensional (1D) arrays of homo-oligomers can be generated by either a commutative mechanism, yielding an “open” structure (e.g. actin), or a non-commutative mechanism, whereby the final structure is formed by hierarchical self- assembly of intermediate “closed” structures. Examples of the latter process are poorly described and the rules by which they assemble have not been unequivocally defined. We hereby collected and investigated examples of homo-oligomeric circular arrangements that form 1D filaments of stacked rings by the non-commutative mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Based on their quaternary structure, circular arrangements of protein subunits can be subdivided into two groups that we call Rings of Dimers (RoDs), e.g peroxiredoxin and SP1, and Dimers of Rings (DoRs), e.g. thermosome, depending on the sub-structures that can be identified within the assembly (and, in some cases, populated in solution under selected experimental conditions). Structural analysis allowed us to identify the determinants by which ring-like molecular chaperones form filamentous-like assemblies and to formulate a novel hypothesis by which nanotube assembly, molecular chaperone activity and macromolecular crowding may be interconnected

Retrospective Study: Type 1 Leprosy Reaction

Background: Type 1 reaction (T1R) of leprosy occurs due toaltered balance between cell mediated immunity and M. leprae bacilli in the skin and nerves, with upgrading/reversal or downgrading as final result. Leprosy subpolar types have unstable immunity, this cause them often experience recurrence T1R, especially BB type.Clinical findings of T1R are inflammation in the skin or nerves, and can lead to disability if not treated properly. Aim: To evaluate the distribution, diagnosis, trigger factors, and therapy of T1R. Methods: Retrospective study using medical record of leprosy new patients in Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, during 2010 – 2013. Database, anamnesis, examination, and T1R therapy were recorded. Results: The total of new leprosy patients with T1R within 2010-2013 were 117 patients (19,7% of all new leprosy  patients). Most of them were men (70,1%), aged between 15–34 years (42,8%), with BB as the most frequent type (70,9%). Skin symptom of T1R could be thickening of old lesion (52,1%). T1R most occurred when patients still consume MDT (71,8%). NSAID (37,6%) andcorticosteroid (38,5%)were prescribed as T1R therapy. Conclusions: T1R diagnosis should established accurately by history taking and physical examination.For recurrent T1R,trigger factors should be considered. Key words: type 1 reaction, CMI, reversal, downgrading

Simultaneous detection of lung fusions using a multiplex RT-PCR next generation sequencing-based approach:A multi-institutional research study

Contains fulltext : 195300.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

EVALUASI PERAN AUDIT INTERNAL DALAM MANAJEMEN RISIKO REPUTASI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keselarasan peran audit internal dengan strategi manajemen risiko reputasi di PT Bank X. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari Kepala Divisi Audit Internal, Kepala Divisi dan Kepala Departemen Manajemen Risiko serta pegawai pada level manajer dan supervisor. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan dokumen pendukung yang berkaitan dengan wawancara tersebut serta metode triangulasi yang digunakan sebagai metode analisis. Sebanyak 5 (lima) wawancara dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ruang lingkup peran Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) belum disebutkan dalam Piagam Audit dan Rencana Kerja Audit Tahunan, namun fungsi audit internal PT Bank X telah memenuhi indikator Governance, Risk, dan Compliance (GRC) partner dan trusted advisor, namun belum memenuhi sebagian besar indikator sebagai value driver. Sebagai lini ketiga, aktivitas audit internal selaras dengan strategi organisasi terhadap risiko reputasi. Namun fungsi audit internal masih berperan sebagai pemeriksa akhir dan belum terlibat dalam proses penyusunan strategi