Repotting the Geraniums: On Nested Graph Transformation Rules

We propose a scheme for rule amalgamation based on nested graph predicates. Essentially, we extend all the graphs in such a predicate with right hand sides. Whenever such an enriched nested predicate matches (i.e., is satisfied by) a given host graph, this results in many individual match morphisms, and thus many “small” rule applications. The total effect is described by the amalgamated rule. This makes for a smooth, uniform and very powerful amalgamation scheme, which we demonstrate on a number of examples. Among the examples is the following, which we believe to be inexpressible in very few other parallel rule formalism proposed in the literature: repot all flowering geraniums whose pots have cracked.\u

Atomic Action Refinement in Model Based Testing

In model based testing (MBT) test cases are derived from a specification of the system that we want to test. In general the specification is more abstract than the implementation. This may result in 1) test cases that are not executable, because their actions are too abstract (the implementation does not understand them); or 2) test cases that are incorrect, because the specification abstracts from relevant behavior. The standard approach to remedy this problem is to rewrite the specification by hand to the required level of detail and regenerate the test cases. This is error-prone and time consuming. Another approach is to do some translation during test execution. This solution has no basis in the theory of MBT. We propose a framework to add the required level of detail automatically to the abstract specification and/or abstract test cases.\ud \ud This paper focuses on general atomic action refinement. This means that an abstract action is replaced by more complex behavior (expressed as a labeled transition system). With general we mean that we impose as few restrictions as possible. Atomic means that the actions that are being refined behave as if they were atomic, i.e., no other actions are allowed to interfere

The Oxidative Coupling of 2,6-Xylenol Catalyzed by Polymeric Complexes of Copper, 2. Physicochemical Study on Copper(II) Complexes of Partially Dimethylaminomethylated Polystyrene

The polymeric catalyst formed by complexation of copper(II) chloride and partially dimethylaminomethylated polystyrene was investigated to explain its behaviour in the oxidative coupling of 2,6-xylenol. Viscometric studies indicated that at low polymer concentrations coordination of tertiary amine groups to copper(II) causes an intramolecular crosslinking. UV measurements and preliminary results of ESR point to a dimeric structure of these complexes with two amine groups per copper. A mechanism for the action of this polymeric catalyst is suggested, based on these results and on those described in Part 1. It appeared that some "free" copper(II) is essential for the catalytic activity, without which the reoxidation of copper(I) cannot take place.

Optical anisotropy of Ge(001)2x1

We have measured the change in the optical reflection anisotropy of a clean Ge(001) surface upon exposure to molecular oxygen up to saturation coverage. Both phase and amplitude changes have been recorded with a normal-incidence ellipsometer. They have been found to be related by a Kramers-Kronig transformation. The change in the complex reflection ratio could be interpreted as an anisotropy of the clean Ge(001)2 × 1 surface dielectric function, using a three-layer McIntyre-Aspnes approach and neglecting the oxygen overlayer. The surface dielectric function anisotropy can be described fairly well by optical selection rules, based on symmetry arguments. This model was applied to the possible optical transitions at this surface between filled dimers, dangling bonds and back-bonds and the empty dangling bonds and dimers

Ischemia burden on stress SPECT MPI predicts long-term outcomes after revascularization in stable coronary artery disease

Background: It is not entirely clear whether ischemia burden on stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) effectively identifies patients who have a long-term benefit from coronary revascularization. Methods: The study population consisted of 719 patients with ischemia on stress SPECT. Early coronary revascularization was defined as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting ≤90 days after SPECT. Patients who underwent late revascularization (>90 days after SPECT) were excluded (n = 164). Results: Of the 538 patients (73% men, mean age 59.8 ± 11 years), 348 patients had low ischemia burden (<3 ischemic segments) and 190 patients had moderate to high ischemia burden (≥3 ischemic segments). A total of 76 patients underwent early revascularization. During a median follow-up of 12 years (range 4-17), 283 patients died of whom 125 due to cardiac causes. Early revascularization was beneficial on all-cause mortality (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.46) and cardiac mortality (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.99). Conclusions: Patients with myocardial ischemia on stress SPECT who underwent early revascularization had a lower all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality during long-term follow-up as compared to patients who received pharmacological therapy alone. This difference in long-term outcomes was mainly influenced by the survival benefit of early revascularization in the patients with moderate to high ischemia burden

Stress in the USSR. On the Dissemination of Health Knowledge in the Soviet Public Sphere, 1960s–1991 Jan Arend

Wann wird Stress – verstanden als eine mit sozialem Wandel, Zeit- und Konkurrenzdruck assoziierte körperlich-psychische Empndung – zu einer&nbsp; gesellschaftsprägenden Thematik? Die historische Forschung hat das Thema bislang exklusiv im Westen verortet: Stress als Grundgefühl eines als westlich verstandenen Kapitalismus und / oder Neoliberalismus. Dieser Beitrag zeigt hingegen, dass Stress – der Begri kam in den 1960er Jahren über Wissenstransfers aus dem Westen in den sowjetischen Kontext – auch in der sowjetischen Öentlichkeit verbreitet thematisiert wurde. Anhand einer Untersuchung von drei der meistgelesenen sowjetischen Zeitungen beleuchtet dieser Artikel Narrative der Stressthematisierung im sowjetischen Kontext und zeigt damit, wie Stress als Phänomen des sowjetischen Alltags öentlich gedeutet wurde. Auf diese Weise wird die Vermittlung und Zirkulation von Gesundheitswissen im Spätsozialismus beleuchtet. Zugleich geraten bislang wenig beachtete blockübergreifende Ähnlichkeiten im Verständnis von Emotionen und Körperempndungen in den Blick.When and where does “stress” – a psychological and bodily condition associated with the pressure to perform – become a social concern? Previous historical research has situated the topic in the West, linking it to what is understood to be a Western type of capitalism and / or neoliberalism. This article departs from this line of research by demonstrating the broad dissemination of the topic of stress in the Soviet public sphere since the mid-1960s. Based on an examination of three of the most widely read Soviet state newspapers, the article shows how the notion of stress was conveyed to the Soviet public and thereby sheds light on the circulation of knowledge related to health in the period of late socialism. Stress, although the concept originally came to the Soviet context through a process of knowledge transfer from the West, had a life of its own in the Soviet Union. By analyzing how the concept of stress was adapted to a state socialistcontext, the article points to previously underexplored cross-bloc similarities with regard to perceptions of emotions and the body

Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter

Quantum frequency conversion (QFC), a nonlinear optical process in which the frequency of a quantum light field is altered while conserving its non-classical correlations, was first demonstrated 20 years ago. Meanwhile, it is considered an essential tool for the implementation of quantum repeaters since it allows for interfacing quantum memories with telecom-wavelength photons as quantum information carriers. Here we demonstrate efficient (>30%) QFC of visible single photons (711 nm) emitted by a quantum dot (QD) to a telecom wavelength (1,313 nm). Analysis of the first and second-order coherence before and after wavelength conversion clearly proves that important properties, such as the coherence time and photon antibunching, are fully conserved during the frequency translation process. Our findings underline the great potential of single photon sources on demand in combination with QFC as a promising technique for quantum repeater schemes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure