Naafulu Soto Duwaa: Prayers for Prosperity

The entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images may be available upon request. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University)), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The owner inherited it from his father after his death.The manuscript is an original copy written in classical Arabic dealing with tawḥīd (oneness of God). It includes prayers for peace and prosperity. It was authored by Arfang Ibrahima Diadhiou, and copied by Arfang Bakary Samate

Kitaabu Kotoolu: Old Manuscripts

The entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images may be available upon request. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University)), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The owner inherited most of the manuscripts from his father who inherited them from his grandfather, Arfand Sada Kouyate. Arfang Sada Kouyate was born in Diattircounda where he received his advanced Islamic education and served as a marabout (religious leader, healer, and diviner) until his death in Norabantang.Contains a collection of several old Islamic manuscripts written in classical Arabic. They include texts in prose and poetry dealing with religious subjects, and prayers and numerological figures to address people’s preoccupations, including health-related concerns

Duwaa fo Kuntiyoolu se Lafi la: Prayers for Better Relations with Authorities

The entire manuscript is available for download as a PDF file(s). Higher-resolution images may be available upon request. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University)), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). For technical assistance, please contact [email protected] / Custodial history: The owner inherited it from his father after his death.The manuscript is an original copy written in classical Arabic. It includes prayers to improve people’s relationships with agents of temporal powers (government officials) and to protect them from having troubles in court. According to the owner, the manuscript was written during a time of oppression by local government officials

Effects of substrate on germination and growth of Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seedlings

Despite the importance of forests and trees, Senegal is facing to the loss of forests and the decline of tree diversity and density. This study focuses on Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. which constitute a significant source of food and economic value for the populations of Casamance.In addition to a germination test, a follow-up of seedlings on different substrates was carried out in the nursery, in order to determine the effect of substrates on some growth parameters (number of leaves, height, diameter and biomass).The substrates used were three potting mixtures of forest soil of Faidherbia albida (FSFA), Elaeis guineensis (FSEG) and Anacardium occidentale (FSAO) and sand with the following proportion: 1/3 sand + 2/3 forest soil). Based on species, the germination rate was higher for A. mellifera (84%) followed by M.oleifera (55%) and Z. mauritiana (50%). The germination rate was more important in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. For growth parameters, there was a significant effect (P<0.05) of substrate type on height, diameter, number of leaves and root biomass. In term of growth parameters, the seedling performed better in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. The species effect was also significant (P<0.05) with higher root biomass and diameter found in M. oleifera and height and number of leaves in A. mellifera. The most important total biomass was found in FSFA followed by FSEG. Comparing the fraction of biomass according to the part of the seedling, the stem and branch had the higher fraction of biomass for A. mellifera (43%) and M. oleifera (38%) and the leaves for Z. mauritiana (46%).However, thetype of substrate can affect seedling development and growth parameters and the better results were recorded in FSFA and FSEG substrates

Bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on termite pests Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma in the laboratory

In Senegal, several studies have shown the economic importance of termite damage to crops. Farmers use chemical methods that are dangerous for humans, animals, crops, soil, and environmental health. Thus, the use of entomopathogenic fungi would be an effective and environmentally eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticide use. The objectives of this study are to i) carry out infestations in the laboratory, ii) determine the lethal time (TL50) and iii) observe the germination of spores on the corpses of these species. The methodology is based on i) the infestation of 10 workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma with Metarhizium solutions, ii) the monitoring of mortalities, iii) the determination of the lethal time 50 (LT50) and iv) germination of spores on corpses. For the determination of LT50, the concentrations of 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L gave an LT50 of less than one day in workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma. For the concentration of 0.5 g/l, the LT50 is 2.5 days for workers of Psammotermes hybostoma and less than one day for those of Microtermes lepidus. Incubation revealed the appearance of spores on the cadavers, which were given a concentration of 0.5 g/l. This study shows that mortality is related to the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the shorter the LT50 time. The bioinsecticidal effect of Metarhizium anisopliae is not immediate, resulting in an LT50 of 1 to 2 days depending on the species

Bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on termite pests Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma in the laboratory

In Senegal, several studies have shown the economic importance of termite damage to crops. Farmers use chemical methods that are dangerous for humans, animals, crops, soil, and environmental health. Thus, the use of entomopathogenic fungi would be an effective and environmentally eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticide use. The objectives of this study are to i) carry out infestations in the laboratory, ii) determine the lethal time (TL50) and iii) observe the germination of spores on the corpses of these species. The methodology is based on i) the infestation of 10 workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma with Metarhizium solutions, ii) the monitoring of mortalities, iii) the determination of the lethal time 50 (LT50) and iv) germination of spores on corpses. For the determination of LT50, the concentrations of 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L gave an LT50 of less than one day in workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma. For the concentration of 0.5 g/l, the LT50 is 2.5 days for workers of Psammotermes hybostoma and less than one day for those of Microtermes lepidus. Incubation revealed the appearance of spores on the cadavers, which were given a concentration of 0.5 g/l. This study shows that mortality is related to the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the shorter the LT50 time. The bioinsecticidal effect of Metarhizium anisopliae is not immediate, resulting in an LT50 of 1 to 2 days depending on the species

Bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on termite pests Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma, in the laboratory

In Senegal, many studies have shown the economic importance of termite damage to crops. The majority of farmers use dangerous chemicals on human beings, animals, crops, soil, and environment health. Thus, the use of entomopathogenic fungi would be an effective and environmentally eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticide use. The objectives of this study are to i) carry out infestations in the laboratory, ii) determine the lethal time (LT50) and iii) observe the germination of spores on the corpses of these species. The methodology is based on i) the infestation of 10 workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma with Metarhizium solutions, ii) the monitoring of mortalities, iii) the determination of the lethal time 50 (LT50) and iv) germination of spores on corpses. For the determination of LT50, the concentrations of 1 g/L and 1.5 g/L gave an LT50 of less than one day in workers of Microtermes lepidus and Psammotermes hybostoma. For the concentration of 0.5 g/l, the LT50 is 2.5 days for workers of Psammotermes hybostoma and less than one day for those of Microtermes lepidus. Incubation revealed the appearance of spores on the cadavers, which were given a concentration of 0.5 g/l. This study shows that mortality is related to the concentration of the solution. The higher the concentration, the shorter the LT50 time. The bioinsecticide effect of Metarhizium anisopliae is not immediate, resulting in an LT50 of 1 to 2 days, depending on the species

Climate-Smart Maize Breeding: The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Improving Yield, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance, and Carbon and Nitrogen Sink Efficiency

Maize is part of the essential food security crops for which yields need to tremendously increase to support future population growth expectations with their accompanying food and feed demand. However, current yield increases trends are sub-optimal due to an array of biotic and abiotic factors that will be compounded by future negative climate scenarios and continued land degradations. These negative projections for maize yield call for re-orienting maize breeding to leverage the beneficial soil microbiota, among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMS) hold enormous promises. In this chapter, we first review the components relevant to maize-AMF interaction, then present the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) to maize growth and yield in terms of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and improvement of yield and yield components, and finally summarize pre-breeding information related to maize-AMF interaction and trait improvement avenues based on up-to-date molecular breeding technologies

Evaluation of Genomic Prediction Algorithms for Reducing Selection and Breeding Cycles in Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa)

Abstract. The focus of this study was to determine the genomic prediction (GP) algorithms with the highest prediction accuracies for reducing the breeding and selection cycles in Vitellaria paradoxa. The efficiency of the GP algorithms were compared to evaluate five Shea tree growth traits in 708 genotypes with 30734 Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNPs) markers, which were reduced to 27063 after removing duplicates. Five hundred forty-nine (77.54%) Shea tree training population and 159 (22.46%) training population were genotyped for 30734 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for five Shea tree growth traits. We built a model using phenotype and marker data from a training population by optimizing its genomic prediction accuracy for effectiveness of GS. The phenotype and marker data were used for cross validation of the prediction accuracies of the different models. Prediction accuracies varied among the genomic prediction algorithms based on the five phenotypic traits. We determined the best genomic algorithm that is more suitable for reduction of selection and breeding cycles in Vitellaria paradoxa. The GP algorithms were evaluated and we conclude that rrBLUP is the best for improving the prediction accuracy for reducing the breeding cycle in Shea tree