Processo de mudança em psicoterapia psicanalítica

The research in the psychotherapy process studies how change occurs throughout the treatment. Its examination comprises the psychotherapeutic interaction and the important moments of change lived by the patient. These elements are supplied by the objective appointments taken at the psychotherapeutic sessions. In this context the objective of this study was to examine the moments of change in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Two studies were carried out. One theoretical and one empirical, presented as two sections. The theoretical section describes, through a non-systematic review of the literature about research in psychotherapy. Also presents what comprises in psychoanalytic psychotherapy and the based in evidence research characteristics of the psychotherapy. The empirical section examined moments of change in psychoanalytic psychotherapy trough the analyses of three sessions, representing the beginning, the middle and the end of treatment: the first, the twelfth and the eighteenth of a set of 21 sessions of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The design was the systematic case study (ECS) with a qualitative and naturalistic single-case methodology. In order to achieve this, it was utilized the Adherence to Psychoanalytic Technique Instrument (APT-I) to verify the adherence of each psychotherapeutic session to the psychoanalysis technique and to guarantee that the psychotherapeutic process really took place as a psychoanalysis psychotherapy. It was utilized also the Therapeutic Cycles Model (TCM) instrument in the identification of the moments of change in the therapeutic process through the language patterns of the psychotherapist and patient, taken from demarcation of the therapeutic cycles, which have associations to the idea of progress in the therapeutic process. It was found at the first session, four therapeutic cycles, three therapeutic cycles in the twelfth session and two cycles in the eighteenth session. The verbalizations of psychotherapist and patient in the therapeutic cycles were examined through its content analysis. Afterwards, each psychotherapeutic session was discussed taking into account the psychoanalysis theory together with the evaluation of the adherence to the psychoanalytic technique by the APT-I. The results allow us to conclude that the combination of objective measurements, derived from the cycle analysis by the TCM and the evaluation of adherence to the psychoanalytic technique by the APT-I, associated to the psychodynamics understanding of changes give us a profound apprehension of the case, especially the movements in the patient psychotherapist pair regarding to changes on the patient.A pesquisa do processo em psicoterapia estuda como ocorrem as mudanças ao longo do tratamento. Seu exame compreende a interação psicoterapêutica e os momentos significativos de mudança vivenciados pelo paciente, elementos estes fornecidos por registros objetivos nas sessões psicoterapêuticas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi examinar momentos de mudança em psicoterapia psicanalítica. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos, um teórico e um empírico, apresentados na forma de duas seções. O artigo teórico descreve, através de revisão assistemática da literatura sobre pesquisa em psicoterapia, o que se constitui psicoterapia psicanalítica e as características da pesquisa baseada em evidência em processo psicoterapêutico. Apresenta também justificativas para se realizar esse tipo de estudo e métodos de pesquisa em psicoterapia. A seção empírica examinou momentos de mudança em psicoterapia psicanalítica através da análise de três sessões, representativas de início, meio e fim de tratamento: a primeira, 12ª e 18ª de um processo de 21 sessões de psicoterapia psicanalítica. O delineamento foi de estudo de caso único sistemático (ECS) com abordagem qualitativa e naturalística. Para tanto, foi utilizado o Instrumento para Avaliação de Sessões Psicanalíticas (IASP) para verificar a aderência de cada sessão psicoterapêutica à técnica psicanalítica e garantir que o processo psicoterapêutico realmente se configurou como psicoterapêutico psicanalítico, e o instrumento Therapeutic Cycles Model (TCM, Modelo dos Ciclos Terapêuticos) na identificação de momentos de mudança no processo terapêutico nas verbalizações da dupla terapêutica, a partir da demarcação de ciclos terapêuticos, os quais se associam à ideia de progresso terapêutico. Foram encontrados na primeira sessão quatro ciclos terapêuticos, na 12ª sessão três ciclos terapêuticos e na 18ª dois ciclos terapêuticos. As verbalizações dos ciclos terapêuticos foram examinadas através da análise de conteúdo. Posteriormente, cada sessão psicoterapêutica foi discutida, a partir da teorização psicanalítica, juntamente com a avaliação da aderência à técnica psicanalítica pelo IASP. Os resultados permitem concluir que a combinação de medidas objetivas, derivadas da análise dos ciclos pelo TCM e da avaliação da aderência à técnica psicanalítica pelo IASP, associadas à compreensão psicodinâmica das mudanças, possibilitaram compreender de forma profunda o caso, em especial os movimentos da dupla paciente-psicoterapeuta relativos à mudança na paciente

Growth and reproduction in captivity unveils remarkable life-history plasticity in the smallnose fanskate, Sympterygia bonapartii (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes)

Analizamos el crecimiento y la reproducción de ejemplares de raya marmorada, Sympterygia bonapartii nacidas en cautiverio. Se obtuvieron ovicápsulas a partir de la oviposición de dos hembras capturadas en la naturaleza y mantenidas en el Acuario Temaikèn. Posteriormente a la eclosión, se analizó el crecimiento en 13 hembras y 21 machos hasta la madurez sexual. Se evaluó el patrón de oviposición y la performance reproductiva en seis de las hembras criadas en cautiverio. Se ajustaron cuatro modelos a los datos de crecimiento, entre los cuales la función logística fue la que logró el mejor ajuste. Para ambos sexos, la mayor tasa de crecimiento se registró durante el primer año de vida. Durante el segundo año, la tasa de crecimiento fue significativamente mayor en hembras que en machos. La talla de primera oviposición fue de 61,7 ± 3,5 cm LT, similar a la estimada en rayas silvestres. Sin embargo, las hembras criadas en cautiverio alcanzaron la madurez antes de los dos años de vida, es decir mucho antes que en el ambiente natural, lo que implica una plasticidad fenotípica significativa en esta especie. La similitud en la talla de madurez y la diferencia en la edad de madurez entre individuos cautivos y silvestres indican que hay un desacople de ambos parámetros mediado por la tasa de crecimiento. Los individuos nacidos en cautiverio se reprodujeron exitosamente y dejaron descendencia viable, lo que indica que el ambiente del Acuario Temaikèn es adecuado para que S. bonapartii complete su ciclo de vida.We analyzed growth and reproduction of captive-born smallnose fanskates Sympterygia bonapartii. Egg cases were obtained from oviposition of two females caught in the wild and held at Temaikèn Aquarium. Following hatching, growth was analyzed in 13 females and 21 males until sexual maturity. Pattern of oviposition activity and reproductive performance were evaluated in six of the captive-reared females. Four models were fitted to growth data, among which the logistic function was the one attaining the best fit. The highest growth rate for both sexes was recorded during the first year of life, whereas growth was significantly higher in females than in males during the second year. Size at first oviposition was 61.7 ± 3.5 cm TL, similar to wild specimens. However, captive-reared females reached maturity before two years of age, i.e. much earlier than wild skates, implying a significant phenotypic plasticity in this species. The similarity in size at maturity and the di ference in age at maturity between captive and wild specimens indicate that there is a decoupling of both parameters mediated through growth rates. Captive-born skates reproduced successfully and yielded viable offspring, indicating that the environment at Temaikèn Aquarium is suitable for S. bonapartii to attain its full life cycle.Fil: Jañez, Julieta. Fundación Temaikén; ArgentinaFil: Meijide, Fernando Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Lucifora, Luis Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; ArgentinaFil: Abraham, Carolina. Fundación Temaikén; ArgentinaFil: Argemi, Federico. Fundación Temaikén; Argentin

Design, implementation and analysis of a cloud federated learning architecture

This is a B-mode project carried out under an employment contract with the company Capgemini. In the recent years, it has been observed that clients are increasingly drawn to use cloud resources due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness and accessibility. Most of them have migrated their environments there, or are in the process of doing so. Simultaneously, the field of machine learning (ML) has expanded rapidly, becoming a standard for many customer processes and applications. Although having huge advantages, it is a method that requires a large amount of data to work, which is not always available in all areas or from the customers themselves, and also one that can arise some privacy concerns, as traditionally the data is centralized in a certain location. In order to circumvent this drawbacks, a privacy-preserved method to train ML models on decentralized data that can be used is federated learning (FL). After a thorough analysis of the situation of the company's current customers and the possible new services that could be offered, it was considered that it would be very beneficial to have the knowledge of how to develop a system where FL can be applied in a productive environment in the cloud. Therefore, the objective of this project is to design and implement a federated architecture in the cloud where models can be trained in a federated way, determining its feasibility, and additionally, also create a package that will be the basis from which coworkers can learn about this field and when facing a similar project, take into account all the options to adapt as much as possible to the customer's situation. For the first, a multi-cloud federated system based on VMs and the framework NVFlare has been deployed. Multiple experiments have been conducted in it, such as validating that federated models achieve similar results as central ones or how a federated model achieves better results than models trained with the isolate data. Results suggesting a similar or even superior performance than with the centralized design. For the later, in the thesis a solid FL background is provided, with two additionally studies on, first, all the possible cloud services from the three most popular cloud providers that could be used to deploy a federated architecture and how they may interconnect, and second, all the existing federated frameworks, evaluating them on its possible productive use

Excitability in ramped systems: the compost-bomb instability

Copyright © 2010 The Royal SocietyOpen Access articleThe paper studies a novel excitability type where a large excitable response appears when a system’s parameter is varied gradually, or ramped, above some critical rate. This occurs even though there is a (unique) stable quiescent state for any fixed setting of the ramped parameter. We give a necessary and a sufficient condition for the existence of a critical ramping rate in a general class of slow–fast systems with folded slow (critical) manifold. Additionally, we derive an analytical condition for the critical rate by relating the excitability threshold to a canard trajectory through a folded saddle singularity. The general framework is used to explain a potential climate tipping point termed the ‘compost-bomb instability’—an explosive release of soil carbon from peatlands into the atmosphere occurs above some critical rate of global warming even though there is a unique asymptotically stable soil carbon equilibrium for any fixed atmospheric temperature

Growth and magnetic characterization of Co nanoparticles obtained by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition

We present a detailed study on the morphology and magnetic properties of Co nanostructures deposited onto oxidized Si substrates by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition. Generally, Co disks of nanometric dimensions are obtained just above the ablation threshold, with a size distribution characterized by an increasingly larger number of disks as their size diminishes, and with a maximum disk size that depends on the laser power density. In Au/Co/Au structures, in-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed in all cases, with no indication of superparamagnetism regardless of the amount of material or the laser power density. Magnetic force microscopy observations show coexistence of single-domain and vortex states for the magnetic domain structure of the disks. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements point to saturation magnetization values lower than the bulk, probably due to partial oxidation of the Co resulting from incomplete coverage by the Au capping layer.Work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences (Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER46273), NSF FOCUS Center, the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (References No. PR2005-0017 and No.MAT2005-05524-C02), Comunidad de Madrid (Reference No. S-0505/MAT/0194 NANOMAGNET), and CSIC (Reference No. 200650I130). Support from the SRS staff during the XMCD experiments is greatly acknowledged. Y.H. and L.M. also acknowledge financial support from the “Ramón y Cajal” and “Juan de la Cierva” programs, respectively, from the Spanish Ministerio de Investigación y Ciencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Peer reviewe

Coinfección por SARS-CoV-2 y Legionella pneumophila

COVID-19; Legionella; SARS-CoV-2COVID-19; Legionella; SARS-CoV-2COVID-19; Legionella; SARS-CoV-

Argentina y el Alca: una reflexión.

En españolEs un estudio que trata de contextualizar la idea de crear la Asociación de Libre Comercio para las Américas, marcando los peligros que un rápido proceso puede ocasionar en los distintos países de América Latina ante las economías de Canadá, y principalmente de Estados Unidos. Tras analizar muy esquemáticamente el caso de México y su adhesión al NAFTA, tomando como parámetros los enunciados de algunas partes de las actas de la Primera y la Tercera Cumbre de las Américas, se analizan una serie de cuestiones centrales para el desarrollo económico y social de la Argentina.En inglésIt is a contextualization of the creation of the ALCA, pointing out the dangers that a rapid process can bring about in Latin America in front of the Canadian and American economies. It is analyzed the case of Mexico and its union to the NAFTA, taking into account some of the statements of some parts at the First and Third Summit of the Americas. All this points are analyzed within the frame of the globalizations of the economy and ideas

Structural elucidation of 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of tricarboxylic acid cycle acids and optimization of their fragmentation to boost sensitivity in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Carboxylic acids participate in many metabolic pathways including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Therefore, there have been ongoing attempts to develop sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods over the last decades. Derivatization of the carboxylic acids with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine presents a well-established methodology, and yet the derivatized species of polycarboxylic acids and their fragmentation in collision-induced dissociation have not been fully studied before. In our study, we elucidated how annotation of most abundant 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatives and optimization of their fragmentation in multiple reaction monitoring can boost the sensitivity, especially for polycarboxylic acids. Finally, the optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method allowed for low detection limits ranging from 10 pM for 2-oxoglutaric acid to 800 pM for pyruvic acid. All TCA carboxylates were quantified in 20 mu L of human plasma and the targeted method was validated in the same matrix. The same methodology with a modified gradient elution was also applied to untargeted screening of fatty acids by using high-resolution mass spectrometry enabling identification of 29 medium-to long-chain fatty acids in human plasma. The TCA carboxylates were also quantified in 105 of C2C12 mouse myuotube cells grown under different treatments to proof applicability of the methodology to biological studies in a wider sense. However, unfortunately all the TCA carboxylates were also found in the derivatized blanks in substantial amounts, which prevents from using the methodology for quan-tification of the carboxylates in less than 105 cells