Sengketa Pulau Dokdo antara Jepang dan Korea Selatan

Dokdo Island\u27s dispute is a territorial dispute involving Japan and South Korea in the fight over an island located in the Sea of ​​Japan. Government of Japan and South Korea based their claim over Dokdo Island ownership on historical evidence and geographical connectivity. Dokdo Island\u27s dispute impede the process of negotiating maritime delimitation zone in the Sea of ​​Japan. It is necessary to immediately resolve the Dokdo Island dispute by setting limits of maritime zones Japan and South Korea, as well as provide legal certainty on the status of ownership of Dokdo Island. Claims to sovereignty over Dokdo Island is a core issue that must be resolved first. In an attempt to resolve the dispute Dokdo Island, the Government of Japan and South Korea have done several rounds of negotiations and did not find any way of settlement. Dokdo Island\u27s dispute resolution solutions can be made through the Joint Development Agreement, the settlement through diplomatic channels and settlement through legal channels. In order to avoid the dispute dragged on, the Government of Japan and South Korea should immediately take back the diplomatic negotiations in order to resolve Dokdo Island\u27s dispute

Polyfluorene as a model system for space-charge-limited conduction

Ethyl-hexyl substituted polyfluorene (PF) with its high level of molecular disorder can be described very well by one-carrier space-charge-limited conduction for a discrete set of trap levels with energy $\sim$ 0.5 eV above the valence band edge. Sweeping the bias above the trap-filling limit in the as-is polymer generates a new set of exponential traps, which is clearly seen in the density of states calculations. The trapped charges in the new set of traps have very long lifetimes and can be detrapped by photoexcitation. Thermal cycling the PF film to a crystalline phase prevents creation of additional traps at higher voltages.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Physical Review B (accepted, 2007

Study of Low-grade Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Men with Central Obesity: Cathepsin S Was Correlated with Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: There is a prevalence increase of overweight and obesity in Indonesia. Central obesity can lead a variety of chronic diseases through the inflammatory process. There are some markers for low-grade chronic inflammatory, such as cathepsin S, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1- beta (IL-1β). To our current interest that central obesity can lead to various chronic diseases through the inflammatory process, we conducted a study to investigate correlation of Cathepsin S, hs-CRP, IL-1β in men with central obesity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Seventy-eight selected subjects were examined to collect anthropometric data and prepared for sample collection. Collected samples were processed for the following biochemical analyses: fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), cathepsin S, hs-CRP, and IL-1β. Data distribution and variable correlation were then statistically analyzed.RESULTS: There were significant correlations between waist circumference (WC) and cathepsin S (p=0.030; r=0.214), hs-CRP and cathepsin S (p=0.007; r=0.276), triglyceride and IL-1β (p=0.019; r=-0.235), WC and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.003; r=-0.312), WC and fasting glucose (p=0.000; r=0.380), WC and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000; r=0.708).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that cathepsin S was correlated with central obesity, suggesting that cathepsin S could be a potential inflammatory marker in central obesity in the future

Studi Penggunaan Mesin Pencelupan Sistem Jet Tipe Soft Flow Untuk Pencelupan Kain Poliester Dan Kain Rayon

Studi ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum pencelupan kain poliester dan rayon pada mesin jet dyeing tipe soft flow. Untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum proses pencelupan poliester, dilakukan variasi kecepatan sirkulasi (rendah (42,84 m/menit), sedang (67,56 m/menit), dan tinggi (110,0 m/menit)), konstruksi kain (gramasi 65, 90 dan 175 g/m2) dan zat warna dispersi dengan berat molekul berbeda (BM 248.36, BM 519.93 dan BM 625.38). Proses pencelupan rayon dilakukan dengan variasi kecepatan sirkulasi (rendah (42,84 m/menit), sedang (67,56 m/menit), dan tinggi (110,0 m/menit). Hasil pencelupan diuji ketuaan warna (K/S), daya serap warna dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, gosokan kering dan basah, serta kekuatan tarik. Pada kain poliester, nilai K/S tertinggi didapatkan pada kain dengan gramasi rendah yang dicelup menggunakan zat warna dispersi dengan berat molekul paling kecil, sedangkan pada kain rayon K/S tertinggi diperoleh pada hasil pencelupan dengan kecepatan sirkulasi sedang. Kain poliester maupun rayon hasil pencelupan memiliki nilai ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, gosokan kering dan basah yang baik dan tidak mengalami penurunan kekuatan tarik yang signifikan. Mesin jet dyeing tipe soft flow ini lebih sesuai untuk digunakan pada proses pencelupan dengan kecepatan sirkulasi kain tidak lebih dari 110 meter/menit dan lebih disarankan untuk digunakan pada kain-kainringan. Sedangkan untuk kain rayon, proses pencelupan sebaiknya dilakukan pada kecepatan sirkulasi sedang (67,56 m/menit)

Kuantifikasi Emisi Gas Co2 Ekuivalen Pada Konstruksi Jalan Perkerasan Kaku

The construction sector is one of the major contributors to national economic development, but has great potential in environmental degradation. CO2 emissions have been used as a measure of the effect of human activities on the environment. One of the construction process that allegedly resulted in relatively large CO2e emissions is road projects. This study assessed the carbon footprint generated by the process of material production, material transport, and implementation of highway construction rigid pavement. Data is collected through direct observation of Palur Flyover Project and interviews with the project team, and project data obtained from the companies and government agencies. Road project reviewed start from STA. 0 + 350 to STA. 0 + 450 2 line of a 3 m width CO2e emissions calculations using the conversion factor from the literature. The total CO2e emissions produced during the process of rigid pavement is 92.9 tonnes of CO2e. The amount of emissions generated by the off site material production, material transport, concrete production and concrete pouring are 88 166 tonnes of CO2e (94.9%), 3,168 tonnes of CO2e (3.4%), 1,567 tons of CO2e (1.7%) respectively. Material production, cement production accounted for the largest CO2e emission (86,2%). Therefore alternative materials to cement are needed

Evaluasi Pengerjaan Ulang (Rework) Pada Proyek Konstruksi Gedung Di Semarang

Reworks on construction projects caused by errors in planning, working procedure errors, lack of supervision makes the results of work are not in accordance with the initial design and the construction. They can result in some of loss, such as cost, time, quality of work, and a decreased motivation. This study intends to evaluate the rework on the building construction project in Semarang with the aim to identifying the causative factor of rework, to knowing the magnitude of the risk and the impact caused of rework, knowing the parties responsible for the occurrence of rework and to find a solution to minimize it. A method of gathering data is done by conducting preliminary interviews to 6 companies construction in Semarang and spread of the questionnaires to the 60 respondents, but the application answered as much as 41 questionnaires. The risk management framework was used to determine the impact of rework on the construction project in terms of time and costs with a scale of 1-5. The results showed that the most dominant factor causes rework is a managerial factors. The type of work that is often experienced on rework is finishing and complementary. the greatest impact of rework on finishing work and complementary, with the impact on the time at 3.65 and the impact on the cost at 3.21. Parties responsible if rework occurs as a whole according to the perspective of the respondents there was party contractor amounted to 79.16%. The solution to minimizes rework effectivelly is to improve communication, supervision in the field, improve teamwork between the parties

Nematoda Entomopatogen Indigenous dalam Uji Perbandingan Efikasi Pengendalian Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

The problems in cultivated cabbage is cabbage caterpillar (Plutella xylostella). Attack of P. xylostella can result in a loss of 100% yield. Entomopathogenic nematode (EPNs) are parasite nematode that attack specific insect larvae but is safe for animals and plants and has great opportunity for becoming pest control such as P. xylostella. The objective of this research was to compare the EPNs with synthetic pesticide to control P. xylostella. The research was conducted in Pandesari village, Pujon subdistrict, Malang district started on February until May 2014. The research used single-factor group of a randomized design with six treatments and four replications, designated as control (without treatment), EPNs 200 J1/ml, EPNs 400 J1/ml, EPNs 800 J1/ml, two pesticides with active ingredients klorpirifos and spinosad. Effectivity of insecticide (EI) from data were calculated with Abbot formula. Treatments that showed value greater than 70% was categorized as effective against target pest. The treatments gave significant effect to larvae population and damage percent incident variable. The result showed that EPNs was isolated from soil isolation in high populations (22.185 J1/ 0,25 ml). High doses give high control effectiveness and EPNs 800 J1/ml give best control effectiveness (78,36%)

Hubungan antara Kadar Creatine Kinase-MB dengan Mortalitas Pasien Infark Miokard Akut Selama Perawatan di RS. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makasar

Increase of CK-MB level is associated with myocardial infarction size and severity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the admission CK-MB level of acute myocardial patients and the in-hospital mortality. Secondary data of 60 acute myocardial infarction patientshospitalized in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from June 2010 to July 2011 were taken. Admission CK-MB levels between the period of 3 hours to 1 week after onset were then analyzed. The mean of admission CK-MB level in the in-hospital survived and non survived acute myocardial infarction patients were 89.52+121.59 U/l and 202.88+192.75 U/l respectively (Mann Whitney Test, p=0.005). There were significant mortality rate difference amongall CK-MB quartiles with mortality rate 13.3%, 6.7%, 40% and 46.7 % in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile respectively (Chi Square Test, p=0.031) but the odds ratio of mortality between quartiles were not different.. There was significant difference of admission CK-MB levels in the in-hospitalsurvived and non survived acute myocardial infarction.Keywords : CK-MB, myocardial infarction, mortalityAbstrakPeningkatan kadar CK-MB pada infark miokard akut menunjukkan luas dan parahnya penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar CK-MB pada pasien infark miokard akut saat masuk rumah sakit dan mortalitas pasien selama perawatan di rumah sakit.. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medis 60 pasien infark miokard akut yang dirawat di Unit Perawatan Jantung Intensif Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar periode Juli 2010 hingga Juni 2011. Kadar CK-MB diperoleh saat masuk rumah sakit antara 3 jam hingga 1 minggu setelah onset. Rerata kadar CK-MB pada penderita infark miokard akut yang survive dan meninggal selama perawatan adalah 89,52+121,59 U/l dan 202,88+192,75U/l (Uji Mann Whitney, p=0,005). Ditemukan perbedaantingkat mortalitas yang bermakna antar kuartil CK-MB masing-masing 13,3%, 6,7%, 40% dan 46,7% pada kuartil 1, 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut ( Uji Chi Square, p=0,031) tetapi risiko mortalitas antar kuartil tidak berbeda bermakna. Ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kadar CK-MB pada pasien yang survive maupun yang meninggal selama perawatan.Kata kunci : CK-MB, infark miokard, mortalita