GIS based flood extent assessment using MODIS satellite remote sensing and spatial analysis

Out of all natural catastrophes, floods are one of the most destructive and common occurrences as it affects human lives, economy and environment. Pakistan is prone to flooding because it is greatly affected by climate change. Mianwali region, Pakistan was selected as study area because this region is vulnerable to floods and have been affected by major floods in Pakistan in 2010 and no proper study on vulnerability assessment and flood extent mapping has been done in this area. The current study was carried out to evaluate flood extent mapping of the Mianwali region by using MODIS and NDWI techniques and to develop a cumulative flood risk map for 10 years (2010–2020). For the Flood Extent Mapping MODIS Product “MODIS Combined 16-Day NDWI” was used. This product is generated from the MODIS/MCD43A4 surface reflectance composites and provides a single NDWI value for 16 daily composite images. (Earth Data Catalogue). The flood extent maps of years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were developed. These flood extent maps demonstrated Mianwali villages of high flood risk zones and shallow flood risk zones. Results revealed that the people living in villages named Dhup sari, Sheikhan Wala, Arsala Wala, Moza Zareef wala, Allah khel wala and Janay Khel wala are at a greater risk of experiencing natural disasters to their geographical location as they are located alongside river Indus. Due to the cloud coverage increase and being on the bank of river Indus Mianwali is hit by floods almost every year. Lastly a cumulative Flood Risk Map was produced by combining the all extents identified during the flooding events 2010–20. The cumulative Flood Risk zones are classified as High Risk Zones and Mixed Zones based on the NDWI values. Results clearly suggest that 7 out of 20 the communities in the study area are situated in the High Risk Flood Zone and whereas the remaining 13 communities lies in the Mixed Zone which could be an area with very high soil moisture due to shallow flooding. The apparent land cover of the study area is dominated by Agriculture upon which lively hood of the communities depend. It can be concluded that Mianwali is at high danger of flooding due to its location and lack of pre-disaster preparedness. The data obtained from this study is critical for emergency response and rehabilitation efforts. The findings can assist local disaster organizations, planners, researchers, line agencies and local government in managing flood hazards in the area

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in a 3 Years Old Boy in Bangladesh: A Case Report

Hand, foot &amp; mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious and emerging infectious disease caused by picorna viridae family. It was first reported in New Zealand in 1957 is caused by Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16), human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and occasionally by Coxsackie virus A6 and Coxsackie virus A10, are also associated with HFMD and herpangina. Though only small scale outbreaks have been reported from United States, Europe, Australia Japan and Brazil for the first few decades, since 1997 the disease has noticeably changed its character as noted in different Southeast Asian countries. In recent years Bangladesh also faces some cases of HFMD. Though HFMD is a mild disease but in rare cases may develop neurological complications. Early detection and good clinical assessment can prevent the fatal progression and also can reduce morbidity and mortality regarding HFMD.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2019;6(2):53-55</jats:p

Japanese Encephalitis-Emerging Disease in Bangladesh

Viral encephalitis remains a significant public health problem worldwide and one of the most important causes of mosquito borne viral encephalitis not only in Asia but all over the world. Its transmission is either from insect or environmental vectors or from human-to-human contact. It causes severe disease in humans, resulting in death or permanent neurologic deficits among the person who survives. As the risk of Japanese Encephalitis is persisting, implementation of strategies that will strengthen Japanese Encephalitis surveillance systems to understand the disease burden and apply vaccination protocols in national childhood immunization programs in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2018; 12 (2): 21-23</jats:p

Alarming Turn of Dengue Fever in Dhaka City in 2019

Abstract Not Available&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):1-2</jats:p

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Detection of Various Organisms: A Review

Disease diagnosis is important for implementation of proper therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Traditionally, disease diagnosis was depends upon isolation and identification of the causative organisms. This was followed by serology and after that molecular method. Molecular tests are valuable when early diagnosis is important. For this purpose, nucleic acid amplification (PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, self-sustained sequence replication, strand displacement amplification) is one of the most valuable tools not only for the diagnosis of infectious diseases but also used in advanced level research. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a unique nucleic acid amplification technique for diagnosis of various pathogens introduced at 2000 by Notomi and his colleagues which is simple, easy, rapid and cost effective when compared to PCR due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity. It uses a set of six primers and a DNA polymerase with stranddisplacement activity. Major advantage of LAMP method is its cost-effectiveness as it can be done simply by using waterbath or heating block.&#x0D; Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (2): 20-27</jats:p

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children with COVID-19

Abstract not available&#x0D; Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2020; 14 (1): 22-24</jats:p

Variation of Clinical Features of Covid19 Patients

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, began in China, which has now spread many countries around the globe in a form of pandemic, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. With a death toll exceeding that of the SARS-CoV outbreak, 2019-nCoV has led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations around the world on a high alert. Here, we presented an overview of the currently available information on the clinical presentation and complication of this virus.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S54-S57</jats:p

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Acute Hepatitis: A Case Report

Abstract not available Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 245-247</jats:p

Molecular Structure, Pathogenesis and Virology of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 n-CoV is a newly identified coronavirus which has a high similarity with SARS CoV. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted about 1850220 cases and 114215 deaths worldwide up to 13th April, 2020. The clinical criteria of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia range from mild to critically ill cases. To characterize and control the disease, Chinese authorities did an immediate investigation, including isolation of suspected people, close monitoring of contacts, epidemiological and clinical data collection from patients, and development of diagnostic and treatment procedures. SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant public health risk for human transmission via the S protein–ACE2 binding pathway. It’s spike (S) glyco protein promotes entry into cells. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been considered genetically more stable than other pandemic viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. The rapid global spread of 2019-nCoV, which prompted the PHEIC declaration by WHO, signals the urgent need for corona virus vaccines and therapeutics.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S36-S40</jats:p