A new paradigm for the scientific enterprise: nurturing the ecosystem [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

The institutions of science are in a state of flux. Declining public funding for basic science, the increasingly corporatized administration of universities, increasing “adjunctification” of the professoriate and poor academic career prospects for postdoctoral scientists indicate a significant mismatch between the reality of the market economy and expectations in higher education for science. Solutions to these issues typically revolve around the idea of fixing the career "pipeline", which is envisioned as being a pathway from higher-education training to a coveted permanent position, and then up a career ladder until retirement. In this paper, we propose and describe the term “ecosystem” as a more appropriate way to conceptualize today’s scientific training and the professional landscape of the scientific enterprise. First, we highlight the issues around the concept of “fixing the pipeline”. Then, we articulate our ecosystem metaphor by describing a series of concrete design patterns that draw on peer-to-peer, decentralized, cooperative, and commons-based approaches for creating a new dynamic scientific enterprise

Identification and rejection of pile-up jets at high pseudorapidity with the ATLAS detector

The rejection of forward jets originating from additional proton–proton interactions (pile-up) is crucial for a variety of physics analyses at the LHC, including Standard Model measurements and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The identification of such jets is challenging due to the lack of track and vertex information in the pseudorapidity range |η| > 2.5. This paper presents a novel strategy for forward pile-up jet tagging that exploits jet shapes and topological jet correlations in pile-up interactions. Measurements of the per-jet tagging efficiency are presented using a data set of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector. The fraction of pile-up jets rejected in the range 2.5 < |η| < 4.5 is estimated in simulated events with an average of 22 interactions per bunch-crossing. It increases with jet transverse momentum and, for jets with transverse momentum between 20 and 50 GeV, it ranges between 49% and 67% with an efficiency of 85% for selecting hard-scatter jets. A case study is performed in Higgs boson production via the vector-boson fusion process, showing that these techniques mitigate the background growth due to additional proton–proton interactions, thus enhancing the reach for such signatures

Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD. The measurement uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 20.2 fb−1. The differential cross sections are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: |ηγ | < 1.37 and 1.56 < |ηγ | < 2.37. The measurement covers photon transverse energies 25 < Eγ T < 400 GeV and 25 < Eγ T < 350 GeV respectively for the two |ηγ | regions. For each jet flavour, the ratio of the cross sections in the two |ηγ | regions is also measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to leading-order and nextto-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central γ + b measurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to 27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions

A new paradigm for science: nurturing the ecosystem

The institutions of science are in a state of flux. Declining public funding for basic science, the increasingly corporatized administration of universities, increasing “adjunctification” of the professoriate and poor academic career prospects for postdoctoral scientists indicate a significant mismatch between the reality of the market economy and expectations in higher education for science. Solutions to these issues typically revolve around the idea of fixing the career "pipeline", envisioned being a pathway from higher-education training to a coveted permanent position, and then up a career ladder until retirement. In this paper, we propose and describe the term “ecosystem” as an appropriate way to conceptualize today’s scientific training and the professional landscape of the scientific enterprise. First, we highlight the issues around the concept of “fixing the pipeline”. Then, we articulate our ecosystem metaphor by describing a series of concrete design patterns that draw on peer-to-peer, decentralized, co-operative, and commons-based approaches to creating a new dynamic scientific enterprise.</jats:p

Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Lowland Tomato Plants and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents for Anthracnose Disease in Chili Plants at Green House

Abstract Anthracnose disease is one of important diseases of fruit crops that need to be controlled, influence of chili production in Indonesia, and cause significant yield loses of economic importance. Control of the disease until now using fungicides that have negative impact for the environment and the results have not been satisfactory. Based on that, alternative methods of control are studied. The control method is the use of endophytic fungi that isolated from tomato roots in the lowlands. The purpose of this study was to obtain candidates for endophytic fungi that could potentially be biological agents for controlling anthracnose disease. The stages of the research are antagonism test using dual culture method, identification, application suspension of endophytic fungi using root immersion method. Endophytic fungi be isolated from root lowland tomato plants (Jombang and Kediri) and was cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media to get pure culture so identified based on book Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi by H. L. Barnett, Barry B. Hunter (1998). Chilli plants were inoculated with pathogens (Colletotrichum sp.) using spray techniques on leaves then endophytic fungi was applied. The identification results get Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., antagonistic test get 7 candidate isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp., and application suspension of endophytic fungi showed that J8 had highest potential to suppress anthracnose disease in chili plants at greenhouse (51.94%).</jats:p

The Role of Aesthetic Preferences Similarity in Attraction

Similarity is a well-known contributor to attraction, but aesthetic preferences similarity in particular has not received much research attention. Study 1 was a correlational study with 54 couples from South Carolina and North Carolina. In these existing relationships, higher perceived relationship quality was found to be positively correlated with some measures of partner aesthetic preferences similarity. Study 2 was a “phantom other” experimental investigation of the effect of aesthetic preferences similarity on attraction to strangers involving 129 undergraduates at Indiana University East. It was found that manipulating music and movie rating similarity caused both platonic and romantic attraction to vary. Compared to a control condition, aesthetic preferences similarity enhanced attraction and dissimilarity decreased attraction, but the impact of dissimilarity was stronger. The results are discussed in terms of hypotheses about the relative importance of similarity and dissimilarity, and how aesthetic preferences similarity information could serve as a shortcut estimate of relationship compatibility and potential quality. </jats:p

A new paradigm for science: nurturing the ecosystem

The institutions of science are in a state of flux. Declining public funding for basic science, the increasingly corporatized administration of universities, increasing “adjunctification” of the professoriate and poor academic career prospects for postdoctoral scientists indicate a significant mismatch between the reality of the market economy and expectations in higher education for science. Solutions to these issues typically revolve around the idea of fixing the career "pipeline", envisioned being a pathway from higher-education training to a coveted permanent position, and then up a career ladder until retirement. In this paper, we propose and describe the term “ecosystem” as an appropriate way to conceptualize today’s scientific training and the professional landscape of the scientific enterprise. First, we highlight the issues around the concept of “fixing the pipeline”. Then, we articulate our ecosystem metaphor by describing a series of concrete design patterns that draw on peer-to-peer, decentralized, co-operative, and commons-based approaches to creating a new dynamic scientific enterprise.</jats:p