Feeding Preference Studies of Adult \u3ci\u3eNezara Viridula\u3c/i\u3e (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Morphs from India and the United States

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) morphs from India and the United States were studied in a laboratory comparison of feeding preferences for pods of soybeans, Glycine max, and green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. Adults of a morph from the U.S. apparently selected pods at random, while three sympatric morphs from India generally preferred green bean pods

Key Parameter Comparisons of Fungal Induced Mortality in Alfalfa Weevil Larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Key parameters of alfalfa weevil larval mortality by Entornophthora phytonorni were compared weekly in three alfalfa fields. Rainfall appeared to be the overriding factor in seasonal larval infection rates

Personal Volunteer Computing

We propose personal volunteer computing, a novel paradigm to encourage technical solutions that leverage personal devices, such as smartphones and laptops, for personal applications that require significant computations, such as animation rendering and image processing. The paradigm requires no investment in additional hardware, relying instead on devices that are already owned by users and their community, and favours simple tools that can be implemented part-time by a single developer. We show that samples of personal devices of today are competitive with a top-of-the-line laptop from two years ago. We also propose new directions to extend the paradigm

A Laboratory Infection of Alfalfa Weevil, \u3ci\u3eHypera Postica\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Larvae With the Fungal Pathogen \u3ci\u3eZoophthora Phytonomi\u3c/i\u3e (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae)

Larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, were infected by an in vitro colony of Zoophthora phytonomi. Two spore types (infective conidia, and resting spores) were produced from infection trials. The spore type produced may be influenced by the physiological state of the larvae. Trials using field collected larvae which would produce diapausing adults formed both conidia and resting spores. Trials using larvae from a nondiapausing colony, however, formed only resting spores

Evaluation of Two Systems Used to Extract Alfalfa Weevil Larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Alfalfa Samples

A modified Berlese funnel system was developed to extract alfalfa weevil larvae (Hypera postica) from quadrats 30.5 cm on a side. Data from this system were comp.wed with simultaneous data from a hand sorting extraction system. In most instances, the modified Berlese system was as efficient as the hand sorting method and the number of man hours required to process samples by hand was far greater than that required by the Berlese system

The Effect of Repeated Low Temperature on Eggs of the Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Three ages of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) eggs were exposed to repeated exposures of -15 and -20°C. Fresh-laid eggs were quite susceptible and 3- and 5day old eggs were relatively resistant to -15\u27C, but all ages of eggs showed considerable susceptibility to -20°C, with an average LT50 of 2.2 days. Comparison of this data with similar studies utilizing constant low temperature exposures showed the effect to be independent of temporal interruptions

Spectroscopy and Dynamics of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas on top of Ultrathin Helium Films on Cu(111)

Electrons in image-potential states on the surface of bulk helium represent a unique model system of a two-dimensional electron gas. Here, we investigate their properties in the extreme case of reduced film thickness: a monolayer of helium physisorbed on a single-crystalline (111)-oriented Cu surface. For this purpose we have utilized a customized setup for time-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE) at very low temperatures under ultra-high vacuum conditions. We demonstrate that the highly polarizable metal substrate increases the binding energy of the first (n = 1) image-potential state by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to the surface of liquid helium. An electron in this state is still strongly decoupled from the metal surface due to the large negative electron affinity of helium and we find that even one monolayer of helium increases its lifetime by one order of magnitude compared to the bare Cu(111) surface.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Considerações sobre o tratamento das hemorragias subaracnóideas espontâneas

The surgical treatment of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented in detail. In the great majority these cases are due to the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, located in 72 per cent of the cases in one of the principal branches of the internal carotid artery. Incidence and etiology are studied. The aneurysms are the result of incomplete em-bryological development of the arterial wall associated with a degenerative lesion. The clinical signs are absent until rupture occurs. Patient loses consciousness, goes into shock and presents involvement of some of the cranial nerves or superior centers. The presence of bloody spinal fluid and increased intracranial pressure are findings suggesting the diagnosis. Prognosis is severe since 40 per cent of the patients die in the first attack. About 30 per cent of the remaining cases expire during the second, third or fourth episodes occurring during the next ten years. The management in the acute phase is essentially conservative with absolute bed rest. After some days, arteriograms must be obtained. If the aneurysm is shown, surgical treatment must be carried out. The surgical technique is chosen after careful study of the location of the lesion, the degree of colateral circulation and the possibility of intracranial surgical attack. The indirect treatment must be combined with the direct treatment when possible. Ligation of one or more arteries in the neck and subsequent trapping of the aneurysm should be done. The different types of surgical techniques are studied. The mortality rate for conservatively treated patients is 48 per cent and 14 per cent for those treated with surgery. Five cases of intracranial aneurysms are studied and presented as illustrations of the clinical problems. These patients showed different clinical course and reflect the seriousness of the syndrome and show the necessity for prompt and adequate treatment.O tratamento das hemorragias subaracnóideas espontâneas é estudado pormenorizadamente. Com poucas exceções, êsses casos são devidos a rotura de um aneurisma intracraniano, situado em 72% dos casos na artéria carótida interna ou em um de seus ramos principais. A incidência e a etiologia dos aneurismas são discutidas. O aneurisma se deve a um imperfeito desenvolvimento das paredes vasculares, associado a uma lesão degenerativa. A sintomatologia está ausente, na grande maioria dos casos, até a rotura do aneurisma, quando o paciente perde a consciência, entra em choque, com sinais de comprometimento dos nervos cranianos ou dos centros superiores. A presença de sangue no líqüido cefalorraquídeo, com aumento da pressão, é achado diagnóstico. O prognóstico dos aneurismas é grave; 40% dos pacientes vêm a falecer com a primeira hemorragia; daqueles que resistem ao primeiro acidente, 30% virão a falecer no segundo, terceiro ou quarto episódios dentro de um período de 10 anos. O tratamento da fase aguda é conservador, com absoluto repouso no leito. Quando as condições o permitam, arteriografias devem ser obtidas para demons- tração do aneurisma. O tratamento cirúrgico deve então ser instituído, a técnica variando de acôrdo com a localização da lesão, condições da circulação colateral, possibilidade de acesso cirúrgico direto, etc. O tratamento indireto deve ser associado ao direto, sempre que possível; far-se-á, portanto, a oclusão de uma ou mais artérias no pescoço com subseqüente isolamento intracraniano do aneurisma. As diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas são discutidas. Nos casos tratados pelo método conservador a mortalidade é de 48% e nos casos tratados pela cirurgia, de 14%. Cinco casos de aneurismas intracranianos são apresentados com a finalidade única de ilustrar os problemas clínicos. Êsses casos demonstram os diferentes tipos de evolução clínica e refletem a gravidade do prognóstico dos aneurismas, mostrando a necessidade de imediato e adequado tratamento.Escola Paulista de MedicinaGeorge Washington University School of MedicineGallinger Municipal HospitalUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Reevaluating Recanting Witnesses: Why the Red-Headed Stepchild of New Evidence Deserves Another Look

Courts have generally disfavored evidence from recanting witnesses. This article examines the standards laid out in Berry v. State and Larrison v. United States that courts use when considering motions for new trials based on new evidence. It next explores some of the reasons courts have disfavored recantations. Recent cases involving DNA exonerations present useful lessons for evaluating recantations and weaken many of the reasons courts have used to reject such evidence. Because DNA evidence is not readily available in most cases, however, the current framework has led to incarceration of innocent defendants. Given these lessons, courts must find new means of assessing the testimony of recanting witnesses. Courts should adopt a modified version of the Larrison standard, which would require corroboration rather than proof of truth. Appellate courts should not apply a deferential standard of review to summary denial of motions for new trials based on recantations