A study of alternating current arcs

The purpose of this paper is to attempt a theoretical investigation of the conditions existing in the gap between electrodes of a short alternating current arc immediately after the current passes through its zero value and to apply a recently developed thttp://archive.org/details/astudyoflternati1094531605U.S. Navy (U.S.N.) author

Hydrogen sulfide pathway and skeletal muscle: an introductory review.

The presence of the H2 S pathway in skeletal muscle (SKM) has recently been established. SKM expresses the three constitutive H2 S-generating enzymes in animals and humans, and it actively produces H2 S. The main, recognized molecular targets of H2 S, that is, potassium channels and PDEs, have been evaluated in SKM physiology in order to hypothesize a role for H2 S signalling. SKM dysfunctions, including muscular dystrophy and malignant hyperthermia, have also been evaluated as conditions in which the H2 S and transsulfuration pathways have been suggested to be involved. The intrinsic complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling together with the scarcity of preclinical models of SKM-related disorders have hampered any advances in the knowledge of SKM function. Here, we have addressed the role of the H2 S pathway in E-C coupling and the relative importance of cystathionine β-synthase, cistathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in SKM diseases

Cytotoxicity effects and differentiation potential of ormocer-based and nanohybrid composite resins on human dental pulp stem cells

Objective: to compare conventional nanohybrid (Ceram.x Spectra) and ormocer-based (Admira fusion) dental composite resins effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in terms of cytotoxicity, self-renewal, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Methods: hDPSCs were cultured in presence of different dilutions (undiluted, form 1:2 to 1:100) of CeramX (CX) and Admira fusion (AD) eluates and viability assay in standard or osteogenic conditions were performed. Samples and eluates were prepared according to ISO 10993-12. In addition, apoptosis, self-renewal and migration activity evaluations were carried out. Osteogenic differentiation potential was tested by Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, alizarin red staining and gene expression of specific markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and COL1α1). Statistical analysis was performed by means of a One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by a Tukey's test for multiple comparison; results were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Results: Admira Fusion demonstrated to be highly biocompatible and showed positive effects on hDPSCs proliferation and differentiation; on the contrary, conventional nanohybrid composite showed to be more cytotoxic and without any notable effect on stem cells differentiation. Moreover, the obtained results were further corroborated by a significant upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers obtained in presence of ormocer-based composite resin eluate. Specifically, in AD 1:50 group expression levels of ALP, Runx2, Col1α1 were double than control (ALP, p = 0.045; Runx2, p = 0.003; Col1α1, p = 0.001) and CX 1:50 (ALP, p = 0.006; RUNX2, p = 0.029; Col1α1, p = 0.005). Moreover, in the same group, OPN and OCN resulted about 5 times more expressed as compared to control (OPN, p = 0.009; OCN, p = 0.0005) and CX 1:50 (OPN, p = 0.012; OCN, p = 0.0006). Significance: The less cytotoxicity obtained by AD than conventional nanohybrid composite may be attributed to a reduced monomers release in the oral environment, supporting the hypothesis of limited adverse effect and enhanced healing potential, mainly when the material is positioned in close contact with pulp tissue

Beyond dental radiographs, a radiomics-based study for the classification of caries extension and depth

Background/purpose:Traditionalcariesdetectionreliesonvisualandradiographic analysis.Whiledeeplearninghasbeenappliedtoclassifycariesextent,nostudiesclassify cariesdepthusingradiomicfeatures inintraoralphotographicimages.Thisstudyevaluated aradiomics-basedapproachwithmachinelearning(ML)toclassifycariesextentanddepth, traditionallyassessedviaradiographs,usingintraoralphotographs. Materialsandmethods:StandardizedintraoralphotographsweretakenwithaNikonD7500 andMacroFlashMF-R76.Onlyimagesofhealthyteethorcariouslesionswereincluded.Images wereresized, segmentedwithLabelme,andclassifiedusing ICDASandE-Dscales.Data augmentationincreasedsamplesize.Radiomicfeatureswereextractedforeachcolorchannel usingPyradiomics.Featureselectionmethods(AUC-ROC,ReliefF,LASSO,backwardselection) wereappliedwithin5-foldcross-validationtopreventbias.MLclassifiers(LDA,k-NN,SVM, NNET)evaluatedaccuracy,sensitivity,andspecificity.Modelexplainabilityassessedfeature influenceviapartialdependenceplots,residualanalysis,andbreakedownprofile. Results:NNETwithbackwardselectionachievedhighaccuracy(87.6é5.4%).Sensitivityand specificityrangedfrom61.5%to93%and73é0%,respectively.Greenandredchannel

The hydrogen sulfide releasing molecule acetyl deacylasadisulfide inhibits metastatic melanoma

Melanoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Given its high mortality, the interest in the search of preventive measures, such as dietary factors, is growing significantly. In this study we tested, in vitro and in vivo, the potential anti-cancer effect of the acetyl deacylasadisulfide (ADA), a vinyl disulfide compound, isolated and purified from asafoetida a foul-smelling oleo gum-resin of dietary and medicinal relevance. ADA markedly suppressed proliferation of human melanoma cell lines by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of melanoma cells with ADA reduced nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB, decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins c-FLIP, XIAP, and Bcl-2 and inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of both AKT and ERK proteins, two of the most frequently deregulated pathways in melanoma. Finally, the results obtained in vitro were substantiated by the findings that ADA significantly and dose-dependently reduced lung metastatic foci formation in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ADA significantly inhibits melanoma progression in vivo and could represent an important lead compound for the development of new anti-metastatic agents

Comparative Evaluation of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Chip and Soft Tissue Diode Lasers as a Supplement to Phase i Periodontal Therapy in Localized Chronic Moderate Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction. The current trial aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of neem chip and diode laser as a local drug delivery (LDD) agent as a supplement to phase I periodontal therapy in treatment of localized chronic moderate periodontitis. Materials and Methodology. Fourteen systemically healthy participants with 4-6 mm deep periodontal pockets at least in three quadrants (with no alveolar bony defect amenable to respective or regenerative osseous surgery, as seen in orthopantomograph) were selected for the trial. One week after phase I therapy, 10% absorbable chip of neem (commercially prepared by staff of a pharmacy college, Sheriguda, India) was placed in the periodontal pocket on one site, and soft tissue diode laser pocket sterilization was performed on the other site of the arch. Remaining one site was considered as a control. Parameters recorded clinically were plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment level (RAL) measured at baseline, 21st day, and one month postoperatively. Results. Statistically significant improvements were observed in all clinical parameters at one month as compared to baseline for both treatment groups. Conclusion. Neem chip supplemented with phase I therapy showed best improvement in clinical parameters followed by laser supplemented with phase I therapy in comparison to phase I therapy alone at one month follow-up. Clinical Significance. Neem chips are nature's products, affordable without side effects, with a potential to be used as a local drug delivery agent in treating moderate chronic periodontitis

Human saliva as route of inter-human infection for mouse mammary tumor virus

Etiology of human breast cancer is unknown, whereas the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) is recognized as the etiologic agent of mouse mammary carcinoma. Moreover, this experimental model contributed substantially to our understanding of many biological aspects of the human disease. Several data strongly suggest a causative role of MMTV in humans, such as the presence of viral sequences in a high percentage of infiltrating breast carcinoma and in its preinvasive lesions, the production of viral particles in primary cultures of breast cancer, the ability of the virus to infect cells in culture. This paper demonstrates that MMTV is present in human saliva and salivary glands. MMTV presence was investigated by fluorescent PCR, RT-PCR, FISH, immunohistochemistry, and whole transcriptome analysis. Saliva was obtained from newborns, children, adults, and breast cancer patients. The saliva of newborns is MMTV-free, whereas MMTV is present in saliva of children (26.66%), healthy adults (10.60%), and breast cancer patients (57.14% as DNA and 33.9% as RNA). MMTV is also present in 8.10% of salivary glands. RNA-seq analysis performed on saliva of a breast cancer patient demonstrates a high expression of MMTV RNA in comparison to negative controls. The possibility of a contamination by murine DNA was excluded by murine mtDNA and IAP LTR PCR. These findings confirm the presence of MMTV in humans, strongly suggest saliva as route in inter-human infection, and support the hypothesis of a viral origin for human breast carcinoma

A dedicated caller for DUX4 rearrangements from whole-genome sequencing data

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024.Rearrangements involving the DUX4 gene (DUX4-r) define a subtype of paediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with a favourable outcome. Currently, there is no ‘standard of care’ diagnostic method for their confident identification. Here, we present an open-source software tool designed to detect DUX4-r from short-read, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Evaluation on a cohort of 210 paediatric ALL cases showed that our method detects all known, as well as previously unidentified, cases of IGH::DUX4 and rearrangements with other partner genes. These findings demonstrate the possibility of robustly detecting DUX4-r using WGS in the routine clinical setting

Tetracosahexaenoylethanolamide, a novel -acylethanolamide, is elevated in ischemia and increases neuronal output.

-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid-signaling molecules derived from fatty acids that regulate numerous biological functions, including in the brain. Interestingly, NAEs are elevated in the absence of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and following CO-induced ischemia/hypercapnia, suggesting a neuroprotective response. Tetracosahexaenoic acid (THA) is a product and precursor to DHA; however, the NAE product, tetracosahexaenoylethanolamide (THEA), has never been reported. Presently, THEA was chemically synthesized as an authentic standard to confirm THEA presence in biological tissues. Whole brains were collected and analyzed for unesterified THA, total THA, and THEA in wild-type and FAAH-KO mice that were euthanized by either head-focused microwave fixation, CO + microwave, or CO only. PPAR activity by transient transfection assay and ex vivo neuronal output in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens by patch clamp electrophysiology were determined following THEA exposure. THEA in the wild-type mice was nearly doubled ( 0.05) transcriptional activity of PPARs relative to control, but 100 nM of THEA increased ( < 0.001) neuronal output in MSNs of the nucleus accumbens. Here were identify a novel NAE, THEA, in the brain that is elevated upon ischemia/hypercapnia and by KO of the FAAH enzyme. While THEA did not activate PPAR, it augmented the excitability of MSNs in the nucleus accumbens. Overall, our results suggest that THEA is a novel NAE that is produced in the brain upon ischemia/hypercapnia and regulates neuronal excitation