Erawatch Country Reports 2013: Latvia

The Analytical Country Reports analyse and assess in a structured manner the evolution of the national policy research and innovation in the perspective of the wider EU strategy and goals, with a particular focus on the performance of the national research and innovation (R&I) system, their broader policy mix and governance. The 2013 edition of the Country Reports highlight national policy and system developments occurring since late 2012 and assess, through dedicated sections: -National progress in addressing Research and Innovation system challenges; -National progress in addressing the 5 ERA priorities; -The progress at Member State level towards achieving the Innovation Union; -The status and relevant features of Regional and/or National Research and Innovation Strategies on Smart Specialisation (RIS3); -As far relevant, country Specific Research and Innovation (R&I) Recommendations. Detailed annexes in tabular form provide access to country information in a concise and synthetic manner. The reports were originally produced in December 2013, focusing on policy developments occurring over the preceding twelve months.JRC.J.2-Knowledge for Growt

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Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumusVĒDERA PRIEKŠĒJĀS SIENAS TRŪČU SLĒGŠANA AR POLIPROPILĒNA PROTĒZI, TĀS IZVĒRTĒJUMS DARBA MĒRĶIS. Analizēt iznākumus pēc vēdera priekšējās sienas elektīvu trūču slēgšanas ar polipropilēna protēzi virsmuskuļu pozīcijā no organisma agrīnas sistēmiskas iekaisuma reakcijas analīzes un klīnisko rezultātu monitorēšanas skatpunktiem. PACIENTI UN METODES. Prospektīvā pētījumā iekļauti pacienti, kuriem plānveidā operētas vēdera priekšējās sienas trūces ar polipropilēna protēzēm virsmuskuļu pozīcijā. Tika izvirzīti sekojoši uzdevumi: 1) noteikt vēdera priekšējās sienas trūču incidenci operētajiem pacientiem, sniegt pacientu demogrāfisko raksturojumu, analizēt veikto operāciju tehniskos datus, 2) izvērtēt komplikāciju veidus, biežumu, savstarpējo ietekmi un iznākumus, 3) analizēt komplikāciju cēloņus, riska faktorus un profilakses iespējas, 4) noskaidrot simultāni veikto operāciju iznākumus, 5) Izvērtēt agrīnas sistēmiskas organisma iekaisuma reakcijas izteiktību, to ietekmējošos faktorus un tās ietekmi uz klīniskiem rezultātiem, 6 ) analizēt izmantoto operācijas metožu un protēžu iespējamās problēmas. REZULTĀTI. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 504 pacienti ar 607 trūcēm un 579 implantētām protēzēm. No trūcēm 381 bija ingvinālas, 102 postoperatīvas 84 umbilikālas, 26 epigastrālas un 14 femorālas. Protēzes izraisītu komplikāciju biežums bija relatīvi neliels un, atkarībā no trūces grupas, iekļāvās diapazonā no 0,5 līdz 5 %. Protēzes svars neietekmēja hronisku sāpju, seromu vai protēzes infekcijas biežumu. Starp mono un polifilamentajām protēzēm netika konstatētas būtiskas atšķirības no komplikāciju un agrīnas sistēmiskas iekaisuma reakcijas analīzes skatpunktiem. Agrīna sistēmiska organisma iekaisuma reakcija bija atkarīga no audu traumas plašuma un nevis protēzes svara. Tika konstatēta pacientu individuāla sistēmiska iekaisuma reakcija uz audu traumu, kur pacientiem ar augstu reakciju pastāv īslaicīgs imūnās sistēmas nomākums, lai gan klīniski netika konstatētas ticamas atšķirības starp dažādas sistēmiskas iekaisuma reakcijas grupām. Simultāni veikto operāciju rezultāti būtiski neatšķirās no pacientu rezultātiem, kuriem tika veikta 1 operācija. Polipropilēna protēzes ievietošana virsmuskuļu pozīcijā neizraisa intraabdominālu saaugumu veidošanos un nepieciešamības gadījumā neapgrūtina, atkārtotas laparotomijas veikšanu. Izmantojot protēzes virsmuskuļu lokalizācijas operāciju metodes var būt grūtības adekvāti izvērtēt blakustrūču esamību. SECINĀJUMI. Polipropilēna protēzes ir efektīvas un drošas, tāpēc tās var rekomendēt jebkuru elektīvu vēdera priekšējās sienas trūču slēgšanai virsmuskuļu pozīcijā pieaugušajiem, neatkarīgi no pacientu vecuma un dzimuma. Jebkādas ģenēzes agrīna organisma sistēmiska iekaisuma reakcija neiespaido polipropilēna protēzes integrāciju un neietekmē vēlīnos klīniskos rezultātus. Simultāna vairāku polipropilēna protēžu ievietošana virsmuskuļu pozicijā, tīru vai potenciāli kontaminētu elektīvu operāciju gadījumā neietekmē klīniskos iznākumus no infekciozo un vispārējo komplikāciju aspekta.HERNIA REPAIR OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL WITH POLYPROPYLENE PROSTHESIS, ITS EVALUATION AIM OF THE WORK. To analyse outcomes after anterior abdominal wall elective hernia repair with polypropylene prosthesis in onlay position from viewpoints of early body systemic inflammatory reaction analysis and monitoring of clinical results. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Patients to whom elective surgery of anterior abdominal wall hernia with polypropylene prosthesis in onlay position has been performed were enrolled in the prospective study. The following tasks were advanced: 1) to establish incidence of anterior abdominal wall hernia in operated patients, to give demographic characteristics of patients, to analyse technical data of performed surgeries, 2) to assess types, frequency, mutual effects and outcomes of complications, 3) to analyse causes, risk factors and prevention possibilities of complications, 4) to find out outcomes of simultaneous surgeries, 5) to evaluate severity of early systemic body inflammatory reaction, factors affecting it and its effect on clinical results, 6) to analyse possible problems of used surgery methods and prosthesis. RESULTS. 504 patients with 607 hernias and 579 implanted prostheses were included in the study. 381 of hernias were inguinal, 102 incisional, 84 umbilical, 26 epigastric and 14 femoral. The frequency of complications caused by prosthesis was relatively small and depending on the hernia group it was in the range of 0.5 to 5%. The prosthesis weight did not influence frequency of chronic pain, seroma or prosthetic infections. There were no significant differences between mono- and polifilament prosthesis concerning complications and early systemic inflammation reaction analysis. The early systemic body inflammatory reaction was dependent on the extent of tissue trauma, not on the prosthesis weight. Individual systemic inflammatory reaction of patients to tissue trauma were established, where patients with high reaction have temporarily immunosupression, although clinically there were no significant differences between groups of different systemic inflammatory reaction. Results of simultaneous surgeries did not differ significantly from results in patients to whom 1 surgery was performed. Insertion of polypropylene prosthesis in onlay position does not cause formation of intraabdominal adhesions and in case of necessity does not obstacle performance of repeated laparatomy. Using surgery methods of onlay localization prosthesis there may be difficulties to asses existence of concomitant hernias. CONCLUSIONS. Polypropylene prostheses are effective and safe, therefore they may be recommended for closure of any elective abdominal wall hernias in onlay position for adults, irrespective of their age and gender. Early body systemic inflammatory reaction does not affect integration of polypropylene prosthesis and late clinical results. Simultaneous insertion of several polypropylene prostheses in onlay position in case of clean or potentially contamined elective surgeries does not affect clinical outcomes from aspect of infectious and general complications

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Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumu

Analysing time dependent problems

Inverse analysis for time dependent problems is discussed i n this chapter. When time dependent processes are analysed, further uncertainties c ome from initial conditions as well as from time dependent boundary conditions and loads , in addition to model parameters. Inverse modelling techniques have been specifi cally developed for this class of problems, which exploit the availability of a set of measurement and/or mon- itoring data at given locations at subsequent time instants . Sequential Bayesian data assimilation is introduced, and a brief review of filtering t echniques is given. In fil- tering the problem unknown is the time evolution of the proba bility density function of the system state, described by means of appropriate time d ependent variables and time invariant parameters, conditioned to all previous obs ervations. Particle filtering is chosen to conceptually illustrate the methodology, by me ans of two simple introduc- tory examples

The structure of insulin at the air/water interface: monomers or dimers?

The hydrophobic character of the air/water interface affects the oligomeric composition of insulin. By using interface-specific vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy and calculations of insulin monomer and dimer second-order nonlinear susceptibilities chi(2), we show that insulin monomers segregate to the air/water interface

Pseudobaeospora cyanea, a new agaric species from Catalonia

Pseudobaeofflora cyanea, una nueva especie agaticoide de Cataluña. La primera cita de Pseudobaeospora en España parece pertenecer a una nueva especie. Se describe Pseudobaeospora cyanea acompañada por fotografias en color y dibujos de los caracteres microscópicos, y se compara con algunas especies europeas próximas (P. diehroa, P. palhdAha P. Pyrifera).The first record of Pseudobaenspora in Spain appeared to belong to a new species. Pseudobaeospora eyanea is described, accompanied by a colour photograph and une drawings of microscopic characters. A comparison is made with related European species of Pseudobaeospora (P. diehroa,P. pailidifolia, P. pyrifera).Pseudobaeospora eanea, una nova espècie agaricoide de Catalunya. La primera cita de Pseudobaeospora a Espanya ha resultat pertànyer a una nova espècie. Es descriu Pseudobaeospora cyanea acompanyada per fotografies en color i dibuixos dels caràcters microscòpics i es compara amb algunes espècies europeas properes (P. dichroa, P. pallichibbá P. Pyrifera)