Evaluation of Facial Profile and Dental Caries Among Patients Attending Private Dental College in Chennai- Observational Study

 There are conflicting opinions about the contribution of malocclusion and facial forms to the development of dental caries. This study aims to determine the association between facial profile and dental caries among patients attending private dental college. A retrospective study was conducted using 4645 case records of patients attending private dental college from July 2019- March 2020 .Facial profile was estimated by lateral view of photographs taken during diagnostic examination. Dental caries were assessed using DMFT index(decayed, missing, filling) and count of decayed teeth(dt) alone separately taken for analysis. Data analysis was done. Descriptive statistics and chi-square association was done. About 74.45% of participants have straight profiles followed by 16.34% and 8.93% have convex and concave profile respectively. 48% have a medium score of DMFT(7-15) followed by 47.16% have a low score of DMFT(0-6). No statistically significant association between facial profile and dental caries (p = 0.170) on chi-square association was found. In conclusion, no relationship between facial profile and dental status is found among the patients attending private dental college in Chennai

Association between Gender and Plaque Index- A Retrospective analysis of 86,000 patient records over nine months

Dental plaque is the community of microorganisms found on a tooth surface as a biofilm, embedded in a matrix of polymers of host and bacterial origin. If not removed regularly, the biofilm undergoes maturation and the resulting pathogenic bacterial complex can lead to dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Dental plaque is seen in both genders and it depends on each individual’s oral hygiene maintenance, which prevents progression of disease such as gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of gender with the amount of plaque. Retrospective study was conducted using patient records of University hospital. Consecutive case sheets with plaque index records were retrieved. Data was entered in excel and coded, then imported to SPSS. Descriptive statistics and Peasron’s chi square association tests were done. The results were represented in the form of stacked bars. In this study, it was observed that out of 1152 patients, 51% were males and 49% were females. In relation to distribution of plaque index interpretation, out of 1152 patients, 41.44% had good plaque index scores, 33.45% had fair plaque index scores and 25.11% had poor plaque index scores.Plaque index was good for males (22.59%) than females (18.85%). There was no statistically significant association found between gender and amount of plaque (Chi square test=5.266,p= 0.621). Amount of plaque accumulation is more in females with no association between gender and plaque index

Caries Risk Among 15-40 Years Old Patients Visiting Private Dental Institution - A Retrospective Study

Various models for predicting caries risk have been developed with good results. One such recently developed model is Cariogram. Cariogram systematize the evaluation of various risk factors for caries and recommend targeted preventive intervention based on caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries risk among 15-40 years adults in Chennai. A retrospective study was conducted using records of patients visiting private dental college during the month of Feb 2020 to March 2020. A total of 112 case records were retrieved and analysed. Descriptive statistics in terms of frequency distribution was done to present the result. Mean chance to avoid caries was high in 36-40 years (57.8±27.1). Mean bacterial count was high for in the age group 31-35 years (14.6±7.153). Mean susceptibility was high among 21-25 years(23.6±18.8). Mean diet sector was high among 31-35 years(11.6±5.66). The association of age and chances to avoid new caries was p=0.119, circumstances was p=0.386; bacterial sector was p=0.919; susceptibility was p value=0.358 and diet was p=0.513 which was found to be statistically not significant. Males and females of age group 31-35 years have high risk for caries. Young adults have higher risk for caries with no association between age and all five components of cariogram

Prevalence and extent of Alveolar dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects with different buccolingual inclinations of maxillary molar teeth: a CBCT study

Buccolingual position of teeth could affect the prevalence of alveolar bone defects. Presence of alveolar defects may have a deleterious effect on orthodontic treatment. The aim was to assess the prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects and correlate it with buccolingual inclinations(BL) of maxillary first molar teeth. Methods: This retrospective study involved 80 CBCTs of class I hyperdivergent subjects divided into two groups - group A (n=33) buccolingual inclination >9º and group B (n=47) buccolingual inclination <9º. Prevalence and extent of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestrations were measured in CBCTs using OSIRIX Lite software. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were done for evaluating intergroup differences and correlation with Buccolingual inclination. Results: Overall prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration in maxillary first molars was 60.95% and 5% respectively. In the buccal alveolar bone, prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group A (84.6%) for 16 and in the lingual alveolar bone prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group B (71.4%) for 26 . On intergroup comparison, the extent of lingual alveolar bone dehiscence (26) in group B was significantly higher (p value <0.05) than in group A. No significant correlation between the extent of dehiscence and fenestration with buccolingual inclination of molar teeth was noted. Conclusion: Molar teeth with BL inclinations of more than 9º had higher prevalence of dehiscence on the buccal side and molar teeth with BL inclinations less than 9 degrees had more dehiscence on the lingual side. But no significant correlation of BL inclination with prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration was noted

ASSOCIATION OF GENDER AND TOOTH LOSS DUE TO DENTAL CARIES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

The retention or loss of permanent teeth is of central importance to an individual's oral health status and to qualify for life. Prevalence of tooth loss and dental caries has been documented more among women than in men in many parts of the world. Smoking habits more performed by men had increased chance of development of dental caries progressively leading to tooth loss. Thus this study aimed to find association of gender and tooth loss. This retrospective study was conducted using records of patients visited private Dental College. A total of 644 consecutive case records of patient age ranging from 20-90 years were retrieved. Data on the number of missing teeth due to caries from their records were entered and subjected to statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was done to present the prevalence of missing teeth. Chi-square association was performed to find the association. Among the patients 53.88% males and 38.04% females had one tooth loss due to caries. About 0.93% of patients in age group 41-60 years, 0.78% in age group 20-40 years had four missing teeth due to caries. A significant association exists between age groups and missing teeth due to caries (p<0.05) whereas no significant association was observed between gender and missing teeth due to caries. Within the limits of the study, prevalence of tooth loss due to caries is higher in males compared to females with insignificant association

Association of Geographic location and Dental Caries - A Retrospective Study

 Dental caries is one of the most common global health problems today. Geographic variation in terms of culture and ethnicity plays an important role in oral health practices, which in turn contributes to major oral health diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.This study was aimed to find the association between geographic location and dental caries.This retrospective study was conducted using records of patients visited private Dental College. A total of 150 consecutive case records of patient age ranging from 15-90 years were retrieved. Data on the number of “D” component of Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth Index from their records were entered and subjected to statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was done to present the proportion of decayed teeth. Chi-square association was performed to find the association. A minimum of one to five decayed teeth was present in 32.67% of rural patients and 50% of urban patients. Seven to ten decayed teeth was more prevalent (16%) in rural patients and less prevalent (0.67%) in urban patients. A maximum of eleven to fifteen decayed teeth was seen only in rural patients. A statistical significant association was found between geographic location and dental caries (p=0.000). This necessitates to provide oral health awareness on food habits among people in the rural population

Prevalence of irreversible pulpitis among male and female children - a retrospective study

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases of adults and children in both developed and developing nations. The incidence of caries can cause irritation to the pulp and periradicular tissues which may result in inflammation. Inflammation over an extended period of time on the other hand can cause irreversible damage to the pulp. This study focuses on the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis among different genders of children. A retrospective cross- sectional study was conducted using the patient case records of a University hospital from June 2019 until March 2020, and children who were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis were selected. Data was collected and then subjected to statistical analysis. Microsoft Excel 2016 data spreadsheet was used to collect data and later exported to the SPSS software. Among 244 children, males recorded slightly higher frequency with irreversible pulpitis, about 54% while females recorded approximately 46%. Based on age, 4-6 years children were more prevalent to irreversible pulpitis, surpassed 50% overall. The prevalence of irreversible pulpitis among children in this study seems to be slightly higher in males than female children

Association Between Tobacco Dependence And Dental Caries

Tobacco is considered as the greatest disease-inducing substance globally associated with prevalent addictive habits and harmful influence on the behaviour of an individual and public health. Several studies have discussed the association between dental caries and tobacco consumption particularly in terms of smoking habits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of smoking and chewing tobacco habits and its dependence on prevalence of dental caries. A retrospective study was conducted using case records of University hospital. Descriptive statistics was done to present the distribution of DMFT scores. Chi-square association was done to find the association. A total of 941 consecutive case records with registered DMFT index scores of age above 18 years was retrieved and analysed. All 941 consecutive case records were evaluated in this study. Patients of age group 21-30 years were predominantly seen with tobacco dependence (32.3%) when compared to the other age groups. Tobacco dependence was high with males (97.46%) when compared to females (2.55%). Most of the patients with tobacco dependence had DMFT scores of 0-5 (67.47%). A statistically significant association exists between tobacco dependence with age and gender (p<0.05) but no association with dental caries (p>0.05). Within the limits of the present study, tobacco dependence is associated with age and gender where males of age group 21-30 years show higher tobacco dependence. However, tobacco dependence and dental caries are not associated with more prevalence of dental caries among individuals with very low tobacco dependence

Vacuum-Formed Retainers Versus Lingual-Bonded Retainers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Stability of Treatment Outcomes in Orthodontically Treated Patients

Objective:This review aimed at analyzing the literature comparing vacuum-formed retainers and lingual-bonded retainers for maintaining treatment stability and periodontal health and evaluating retainer failure and patient satisfaction.Methods:Electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were involved. Risk of bias was evaluated using Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Meta-analysis was performed and certainty of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.Results:Five randomized controlled trials were included for qualitative analysis and 2 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Two studies concluded that lingual-bonded retainers were more effective than vacuum-formed retainers in maintaining treatment stability. Two studies had a high risk of bias and 3 studies had some concerns. No statistically significant difference in Little’s Irregularity Index (standard mean difference = −0.10; P value = .61), inter-canine width (standard mean difference = 0.66; P value = .09), inter-molar width (standard mean difference = 0.08; P value = .85), arch length (standard mean difference = −0.18; P value = .60) between the 2 retainers was noted. Periodontal status and retainer failure rate (odds ratio= 2.28; P value = .23) were similar in both retainers. Patient discomfort, soreness, and speech difficulty were more with vacuum-formed retainers and oral hygiene maintenance was easier with vacuum-formed retainers.Conclusion:A very low-level certainty of evidence suggests that both vacuum-formed retainers and lingual-bonded retainers were equally effective in maintaining treatment stability. Periodontal status and retainer failures were similar in both retainers. Vacuum- formed retainers were better for oral hygiene maintenance but were associated with discomfort, soreness, and speech difficulty than lingual-bonded retainers