Dynamical signatures of topological order in the driven-dissipative Kitaev chain

We investigate the effects of dissipation and driving on topological order in superconducting nanowires. Rather than studying the non-equilibrium steady state, we propose a method to classify and detect dynamical signatures of topological order in open quantum systems. Bulk winding numbers for the Lindblad generator $\hat{\mathcal{L}}$ of the dissipative Kitaev chain are found to be linked to the presence of Majorana edge master modes -- localized eigenmodes of $\hat{\mathcal{L}}$. Despite decaying in time, these modes provide dynamical fingerprints of the topological phases of the closed system, which are now separated by intermediate regions where winding numbers are ill-defined and the bulk-boundary correspondence breaks down. Combining these techniques with the Floquet formalism reveals higher winding numbers and different types of edge modes under periodic driving. Finally, we link the presence of edge modes to a steady state current.Comment: Submission to SciPost. 29 pages, 8 figure

Investing in Indonesia’s Education: Allocation, Equity, and Efficiency of Public Expenditures

What is the current level and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending insufficient? Is education spending efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia’s aggregated (national and sub-national) spending on education, as well as the economic and sub-functional (by programs) composition of education expenditures. It presents estimations of the expected (average) level of education spending for a country with similar economic and social characteristics. It sheds light on efficiency and equity of education spending by presenting social rates of return by level of education, an assessment of the adequacy of current teacher earnings relative to other paid workers, the distribution of teachers across urban, rural, and remote regions, and the determinants of education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are not anymore defined by the need to increase spending on the supply side, but rather to improve the quality of education services, and to improve the efficiency of education expenditures by re-allocating teachers to undersupplied regions and re-adjusting the spending mix within and between education programs of future additional spending in the sector. The study finds that poverty and student-aged labor are also significant constraints to education enrollment, stressing the importance of policies aimed to address demand-side factors affecting education access in Indonesia.education Indonesia; expenditures education Indonesia; Indonesia's education; quality education; efficiency of education expenditures; equity of education expenditures; rates of return; teacher wages indonesia; education 20% rule Indonesia

Investing in Indonesia's education : allocation, equity, and efficiency of public expenditures

What are the current trends and main characteristics of public education spending in Indonesia? Is education spending insufficient? Are expenditures in education efficient and equitable? This study reports the first account of Indonesia's aggregated (national and sub-national) spending on education, as well as the economic composition of education spending and its breakdown by programs. It presents estimations of the expected (average) level of education spending for a country with its economic and social characteristics. This analysis sheds light on the efficiency and equity of education spending by presenting social rates of return by level of education, by assessing the adequacy of current teacher earnings relative to other paid workers and the distribution of teachers across urban, rural, and remote regions, and by identifying the main determinants of education enrollment. It concludes that the current challenges in Indonesia are no longer defined by the need of additional spending, but rather the need to improve the quality of education services, and to improve the efficiency of education expenditures by re-allocating teachers to undersupplied regions and re-adjusting the spending mix within and between education programs for future additional spending in the sector. The study finds that poverty and student-aged labor are also significant constraints to education enrollment, stressing the importance of policies aimed at addressing demand-side factors.Education For All,Primary Education,Tertiary Education,Teaching and Learning,

Black hole or black gold ? the impact of oil and gas prices on Indonesia's public finances

Indonesia's oil revenues and fuel subsidies dominate the nation's economic policy agenda. This paper estimates the impact of higher international oil prices on the Indonesian government's fiscal position in 2008 and beyond. It analyzes the interactions between government revenues and expenditures, as well as international oil prices, energy subsidies, and inter-governmental transfers. Looking at the impact of oil prices over US$100 per barrel, the paper presents five main findings. First, despite record high oil prices, the government's oil and gas revenues have been decreasing relative to non-oil and gas revenues since 2001. Second, fuel subsides will reach record levels in 2008 while electricity subsidies have been increasing even faster. Third, the paper finds that most of the fuel subsidy that directly benefits households goes to the richest 20 percent. Fourth, even at levels above US$100 per barrel, the government receives more revenues from oil and gas than it spends on energy subsidies. However, due to significant revenue-sharing with sub-national governments, high oil prices are net-negative for the central government, while they create fiscal windfalls for many regions. Finally, the oil sector's positive impact on Indonesia's public finances declines as oil prices rise, because subsidies and other expenditures outgrow oil and gas revenues.Energy Production and Transportation,Oil Refining&Gas Industry,Markets and Market Access,Debt Markets,Energy and Environment

Estou grávida e agora??......Roda de conversa

O presente estudo das ações de extensão tem como finalidade inserir os estudantes do curso de medicina da Universidade da Integração Latino –Americana (UNILA) em atividades com a comunidade e com as Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Saúde da Família, com foco na promoção de saúde perinatal a partir da formação de grupos educativos multi e interdisciplinar. Objetivo: Aumentar o nível de conhecimento entre gestantes e acompanhantes em relação à gravidez, parto e puerpério por meio de grupos educativos em atenção primária em saúde, como estratégia de um programa de intervenção familiar perinatal, para reduzir as complicações materno-fetais no Município de Foz do Iguaçu e São Miguel de Iguaçu. A metodologia contou com 5 etapas: Avaliação do cronograma de atividades; identificação das gestantes e acompanhantes; apresentação dos educadores; elaboração do material didático e dinâmica de grupo; registro das avaliações orais individuais e de grupo. Nos resultados foram descritos: características do sujeito de estudo (grávida e familiares), a dinâmica de funcionamento do grupo, participação da equipe na educação em saúde e registro das avaliações verbais dos participantes. Os grupos de gestantes auxiliam as grávidas e sua família a superar os tabus, mitos e também o fortalecimento do binômio mãe-feto, oferecendo maior tranquilidade e seguridade nessa fase sublime, além de maior compreensão e participação ativa do parceiro, criando laços afetivos mais fortes. Considerações finais: O estudo permite considerar que as práticas educativas com grupos de gestantes, contribuem para o fortalecimento da promoção de saúde e para transformar a realidade obstétrica, além de auxiliar na criação de vínculos entre profissionais, estudantes e comunidade, através da troca de experiências

Decentralization and the Composition of Public Expenditures

DRMI Working Paper SeriesThe series is intended to convey the preliminary results of [DRMI] ongoing research. The research described in these papers is preliminary and has not completed the usual review process for Institute publications. We welcome feedback from readers and encourage you to convey your comments and criticisms directly to the authors

Bosquejo que ideó el pasmo, y traslado a el lienzo del asombro el pincel de la admiración, para dehechado de la posteridad de ... Santa Cruz de el Orden de Santiago ...

Sign.: [calderón]-2[calderón]4, 3[calderón]3, A-C4, D2Port. con orla tip.Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and multidrug resistance 1 genes: parasite risk factors that affect treatment outcomes for P. falciparum malaria after artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine.

Adequate clinical and parasitologic cure by artemisinin combination therapies relies on the artemisinin component and the partner drug. Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) genes are associated with decreased sensitivity to amodiaquine and lumefantrine, but effects of these polymorphisms on therapeutic responses to artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) have not been clearly defined. Individual patient data from 31 clinical trials were harmonized and pooled by using standardized methods from the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network. Data for more than 7,000 patients were analyzed to assess relationships between parasite polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1 and clinically relevant outcomes after treatment with AL or ASAQ. Presence of the pfmdr1 gene N86 (adjusted hazards ratio = 4.74, 95% confidence interval = 2.29 - 9.78, P < 0.001) and increased pfmdr1 copy number (adjusted hazards ratio = 6.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.36-17.97, P < 0.001 : were significant independent risk factors for recrudescence in patients treated with AL. AL and ASAQ exerted opposing selective effects on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1. Monitoring selection and responding to emerging signs of drug resistance are critical tools for preserving efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies; determination of the prevalence of at least pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y should now be routine