The Experimental WSN Network for Underground Monitoring H2 Abundance in the Mine Atmosphere Karnasurt Mine Lovozero Layered Alkaline Intrusion

We have developed specialized equipment based on mini-MDM hydrogen sensors and the WSN telecommunication technology for long-term monitoring of hydrogen content in the environment. Unlike existing methods, the developed equipment makes it possible to carry out measurements directly in the explosion zone with high discreteness in time. This equipment was tested at a large rare-earth deposit of the Lovozero Alkaline Pluton Karnasurt in the underground mining tunnel. We observed a short time very high concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere (more than 3 orders of normal atmosphere concentration). This discovery is very important because at the time of the explosion one can create abnormally high concentrations of explosive mixtures of hydrocarbon gases that can lead to accidents. The high resolving power of the measurement equipment makes it possible to determine the shape of the anomaly hydrogen of such a concentration and to calculate the volumes of hydrogen released from the rocks, at first time in the practice. The shape of the anomaly usually consists of 2-3 additional peaks of the shape - "dragon-head-like peak". We make an first attempt is made to explain this form of anomaly in the article. The aim of the work in the estimation hydrogen emission in mining ore deposit rare earth elements

Peralkaline Felsic Magmatism of the Atlantic Islands

The oceanic-island magmatic systems of the Atlantic Ocean exhibit significant diversity in their respective sizes, ages, and the compositional ranges of their eruptive products. Nevertheless, almost all of the Atlantic islands and island groups have produced peralkaline felsic magmas, implying that similar petrogenetic regimes may be operating throughout the Atlantic Ocean, and arguably elsewhere. The origins of peralkaline magmas are frequently linked to low-degree partial melting of enriched mantle, followed by protracted differentiation in the shallow crust. However, additional petrogenetic processes such as magma mixing, crustal melting, and contamination have been identified at numerous peralkaline centers. The onset of peralkalinity leads to magma viscosities lower than those typical for metaluminous felsic magmas, which has profound implications for processes such as crystal settling. This study represents a compilation of published and original data which demonstrates trends that suggest that the peralkaline magmas of the Atlantic Ocean islands are generated primarily via extended (up to ∼ 95%), open system fractional crystallization of mantle-derived mafic magmas. Crustal assimilation is likely to become more significant as the system matures and fusible material accumulates in the crust. Magma mixing may occur between various compositional end-members and may be recognized via hybridized intermediate magmas. The peralkaline magmas are hydrous, and frequently zoned in composition, temperature, and/or water content. They are typically stored in shallow crustal magma reservoirs (∼ 2–5 km), maintained by mafic replenishment. Low melt viscosities (1 × 101.77 to 1 × 104.77 Pa s) facilitate two-phase flow, promoting the formation of alkali-feldspar crystal mush. This mush may then contribute melt to an overlying melt lens via filter pressing or partial melting. We utilize a three-stage model to account for the establishment, development, and termination of peralkaline magmatism in the ocean island magmatic systems of the Atlantic. We suggest that the overall control on peralkaline magmatism in the Atlantic is magma flux rate, which controls the stability of upper crustal magma reservoirs. The abundance of peralkaline magmas in the Atlantic suggests that their development must be a common, but not inevitable, stage in the evolution of ocean islands

DOES A SCIENTIST NEED A PERSONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY MANAGER?

A calculation of the amount of literature that should be processed by a scientist when conducting research in the field of Earth science has been made. An approximate estimate of the volume of literary sources processed by a scientist is 10000 works over 20 years. To work with such a large volume of literature it is necessary to use programs of bibliographic managers. The EndNote and Mendelay software are reviewed. The problems of such software packages and their advantages are discussed. The main disadvantage is the lack of support for long-term literature review work. In addition, there is insufficient support for hierarchical systems of semantic-intelligent relationship of articles with problems of the science of the Earth. The limitations of professional software of the bibliography managers forced to develop our own bibliographic manager. Algorithms of its operating bibliographic system, which realized implementation in the Access Microsoft program, are considered. The proposed algorithm can be used in other fields of science as well.</jats:p

Crystallization and Cooling of the Noril’sk Intrusions According to the Pyroxen’s Geothermometry Data

Abstract Composition of clinopyroxenes in vertical sections of some ore-bearing basic intrusions in the Noril’sk area has been studied by EPMA. These data formed the basis for the calculation of the pyroxene crystallization temperatures using the El Negro monopyroxene geothermometer (Fe-Mg exchange between M1-M2 positions). The results of the calculations allowed estimating the variations of temperature crystallization within the magmatic chambers from early to the late stages. The temperature varies from 1200 for idiomorphic crystals in equilibrium to liquid and up to 400 degrees (in solid intra exchange) for xenomorphic grains and marginal zones of pyroxenes. We reconstructed the regimes of crystallization of the magmatic chamber by this data. The vertical distribution of paleotemperatures of the intrusive chamber there is the evidence of absence vertical move crystals into such magmatic chambers.</jats:p

(Table 2) Contents of noble metals in phosphorites and bottom sediments

(Table 2) Contents of noble metals in phosphorites and bottom sediment

VOLCANO-TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF OCEAN LITHOSPHERE IN THE EASTERN SECTOR OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN

Based on the analysis of satellite altimetry and deep-water geological and geophysical surveys, it was established that there is a close connection between underwater volcanoes and tectonics on the crest of the East Pacific Rise, on its western flank and in the deep-water basin. Underwater volcanoes are characterized by different sizes; their basalts are characterized by variable degree of differentiation. The aggregated results denote the existence and relevance of studying the major problem of the volcanic-tectonic activity of the oceanic lithosphere at different stages of its evolution.</jats:p