Almost ï¨-duals of some sequence spaces

Ansari and Shukla [1] have generalized the notion of ï¡-duals and developed the concept of almostï¨ï€­duals by using the concept of absolutely almost convergence. P Chandra and B.C. Tripathy [8] have introduced the concept of ï¨-duals. We have introduced the concept of almost ï¨-duals and determined almost ï¨-duals of some sequence spaces

A Solitary Plexiform Neurofibroma Mimicking Parotid Tumor: A Rare Case Report

Our case report describes an uncommon occurrence of a solitary plexiform neurofibroma in the salivary gland, which is generally associated with neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) but, in this case, arose independently. A 6-year-old girl presented with a painless, progressively enlarging mass in the right parotid region over a span of five years. Histopathological analysis revealed a variety of cellular elements, such as Schwann cells, perineurial cells, axons, and fibroblasts, with S100 immunohistochemistry confirming the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of identifying solitary plexiform neurofibromas in the salivary gland, even without NF-1, and stresses the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal management

A Multi-Modality Surgical Management in Laryngeal Stenosis

Introduction Postintubation laryngo-tracheal stenosis requires a precise diagnosis and an experienced operator in both endoscopic and surgical treatment. This report presents surgically treated cases of laryngo-tracheal stenosis secondary to long-term intubation/ tracheostomy with review of the literature. Case Reports In this retrospective study, we present 5 cases (23-year-old male, 13 year old male, 22 year old male, 19 year old male and 33 year old female) of post-intubation/tracheostomy laryngo-tracheal stenosis (glottic/subglottic) stenosis in the year 2016 to 2017. Each patient was managed differently. A patient with history of multiple subglottic stenosis dilations and stenting underwent open surgical subglottic stenosis resection and anastomosis, LASER assisted resection of stenosis with stenting was done in a patient with history of dilation, LASER assisted resection and dilation followed by Mitomycin C application was done in another patient with history of poisoning, plain endoscopic dilation was done in one patient with history of head injury and Kashima’s Cordotomy with release of interarytenoid adhesion by LASER was done in one patient. Conclusion Resection of stenotic segment by open surgical anastomosis and laser assisted resection is a safe option for the treatment of subglottic stenosis following intubation without the need for repeated dilation. Endoscopic dilation can be reserved for unfit patients

Most Common Factors Causing Cost Overrun with its Mitigation Measure for Pakistan Construction Industry

Cost overrun is known as the leading challenge for stakeholders of the construction sector. Like most countries, Pakistan also facing this challenge for the last few decades. Literature review was conducted and managed to identify 34 factors which contributed to cost overrun in the construction industry. These factors were used as the main content in designing the questionnaire. Respondents were required to rate these factors based on 4-ponits Likert scale on the degree of commonly occurred. Survey was carried out involved 130 stakeholders of the construction sector to determine main factors of the overrun. Data was collected, analysed statistically using the average index method and found 10 most commonly occurred of cost overrun factors for Pakistan construction industry are financial crisis faced by the client; mistakes in making proper estimation; faults in drawing; delay in getting approval from the client; poor planning by client; incompetency of contractor; poor supervision of the consultant; delay in payment to the contractor; communication gap between parties and natural disaster. These factors were further explained together with its mitigation measure. The findings of this study can help to Pakistani construction community in controlling the cost overrun for their construction projects

Performance based simulation of pervious concrete using discrete element method

Procjedni beton je posebna vrsta betona koji se od običnog betona razlikuje izrazitom poroznošću, zbog čega se ta vrsta diskretnog materijala ne može modelirati pomoću metode konačnih elemenata (FEM). U radu se simulira ponašanje uzoraka procjednog betona s različitim frakcijama agregata i koeficijentima pora, a za te se potrebe koristi računalni program Particle Flow Code (PFC) koji se temelji na metodi diskretnih elemenata (DEM). Pomoću programa PFC simuliraju se različiti eksperimentalni rezultati dobiveni na uzorcima procjednog betona s visokim udjelom cementne paste.Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete that differs from ordinary concrete by its highly porous nature, which is why this type of discrete material can not be modelled using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Behaviour of pervious concrete samples with different aggregate sizes and void ratios is simulated in the paper, using the Particle Flow Code (PFC) software, which is based on the discrete element method (DEM). The PFC software is used to simulate various experimental results obtained on high paste content pervious concrete samples

Head and Neck Schwannomas: A Surgical Challenge—A Series of 5 Cases

Background. Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmomas, are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They originate from any nerve covered with schwann cell sheath. Schwannomas constitute 25–45% of tumors of the head and neck. About 4% of head and neck schwannomas present as a sinonasal schwannoma. Brachial plexus schwannoma constitute only about 5% of schwannomas. Cervical vagal schwannomas constitute about 2–5% of neurogenic tumors. Methods. We present a case series of 5 patients of schwannomas, one arising from the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve in the maxillary sinus, second arising from the brachial plexus, third arising from the cervical vagus, and two arising from cervical spinal nerves. Result. Complete extracapsular excision of the tumors was achieved by microneurosurgical technique with preservation of nerve of origin in all except one. Conclusion. Head and neck schwannoma though rare should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a unilateral slow growing mass in the head and neck region, particularly in an adult. Schwannomas are always a diagnostic dilemma as they are asymptomatic for long time, and histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. As a rule, treatment is surgical and dictated by the location of the tumor and nerve of origin. Due to its rarity, complex anatomical location and morbidity risk postexcision, they can pose a formidable challenge to surgeons. This study aims to describe the presentation, workup, surgical technique, and outcome

Serial population-based serosurveys for COVID-19 in two neighbourhoods of Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: To determine population-based estimates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a densely populated urban community of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in April, June and August 2020 in low- and high-transmission neighbourhoods. Participants were selected at random to provide blood for Elecsys immunoassay for detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibodies. A Bayesian regression model was used to estimate seroprevalence after adjusting for the demographic characteristics of each district. Results: In total, 3005 participants from 623 households were enrolled in this study. In Phase 2, adjusted seroprevalence was estimated as 8.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1-13.1] and 15.1% (95% CI 9.4-21.7) in low- and high-transmission areas, respectively, compared with 0.2% (95% CI 0-0.7) and 0.4% (95% CI 0-1.3) in Phase 1. In Phase 3, it was 12.8% (95% CI 8.3-17.7) and 21.5% (95% CI 15.6-28) in low- and high-transmission areas, respectively. The conditional risk of infection was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.47) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.28-0.52) in low- and high-transmission neighbourhoods, respectively, in Phase 2. Similar trends were observed in Phase 3. Only 5.4% of participants who tested positive for COVID-19 were symptomatic. The infection fatality rate was 1.66%, 0.37% and 0.26% in Phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Continuing rounds of seroprevalence studies will help to improve understanding of secular trends and the extent of infection during the course of the pandemic. &nbsp;</p