Length sensing and control strategies for the LCGT interferometer

The optical readout scheme for the length degrees of freedom of the LCGT interferometer is proposed. The control scheme is compatible both with the broadband and detuned operations of the interferometer. Interferometer simulations using a simulation software Optickle show that the sensing noise couplings caused by the feedback control can be reduced below the target sensitivity of LCGT with the use of feed forward. In order to improve the duty cycle of the detector, a robust lock acquisition scheme using auxiliary lasers will be used.Comment: 13 pages 9 figures. A proceedings paper for Amaldi9 conferenc

Core-shell particles as building blocks for systems with high duality symmetry

Material electromagnetic duality symmetry requires a system to have equal electric and magnetic responses. Electromagnetic duality enables technologically important effects like artificial optical activity and zero back-scattering, is a requirement for metamaterials in transformation optics, Huygens wave-front control, and maximal electromagnetic chirality, and appears in topological photonic systems. Intrinsically dual materials that meet the duality conditions at the level of the constitutive relations do not exist in many frequency bands. Nevertheless, discrete objects like metallic helices and homogeneous dielectric spheres can be engineered to approximate the dual behavior. The discrete objects can then be used as building blocks with the objective of obtaining composite systems with high duality symmetry. Here, we exploit the extra degrees of freedom of a core-shell dielectric sphere to obtain a particle whose duality symmetry is more than one order of magnitude better than previously reported non-magnetic objects. We show that the improvement is transferred onto the duality symmetry of composite objects when the core-shell particle is used as a building block instead of homogeneous spheres.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Social Overhead Capital Development and Geographical Concentration

In recent economic geography, it is emphasized that the effect of cost decreasing in transportation on agglomeration is nonlinear. It is said that the influence of traffic infrastructure investment and the change in transportation cost on urban agglomeration does not appear until the cost is below a certain amount, and that once agglomeration arises that effect would be kept with higher probability. In theoretical models such as Krugman (1991) and Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999), multiple equilibria and path dependence are emphasized, as well as non linearity. Those models are intuitive, but it is hard to have a statistical analysis because of the non linearity. About the macroeconomic effect of social overhead capital investment, starting from the analysis by Aschauer (1985, 1989), a lot of empirical research has been done on the productivity effect of social capital. For example, we have Asako et al. (1994), Mitsui and Ohta (1995). Moreover, Roback (1982) uses the Hedonic approach to find the effect of amenity-based social overhead capital (related to waste disposal plants, or sewage facilities), followed by Mitsui and Hayashi (2001) for a Japanese case. In these Japanese studies, they are only concerned about the topic about inefficiency of the social overhead capital distribution but not about theoretical progress in urban economics. If Krugmans model is true, however, there is a possibility that rural traffic infrastructure investment for the purpose of redistribution will experience both a decline in rural areas and agglomeration into urban areas. In the following, we will examine general theory about how we should observe the effect of traffic network provision in section II. We will estimate a market potential function and an index with which the geographical concentration degree is measured, and see how the agglomeration degree has changed historically. In section II we will conduct analysis through using prefecture data and municipal data, particularly in the Kyushu district 2 .capital development, potential function, geographical concentration degree, Kyushu district, Japan, Public Policy, network effect

Twisted Alexander Polynomials of (−2,3,2n+1)(-2,3,2n+1)-Pretzel Knots

We calculate the twisted Alexander polynomials of $(-2,3,2n+1)$-pretzel knots associated to their holonomy representations. As a corollary, we obtain new supporting evidences of Dunfield, Friedl and Jackson's conjecture, that is, the twisted Alexander polynomials of hyperbolic knots associated to their holonomy representations determine the genus and fiberedness of the knots.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Penetration of the non-migrating atmospheric diurnal tide into polar latitudes

Classical theory of atmospheric tide predicts the confinement of propagating diurnal tide to lower latitudes equatorward of 30° latitude for which diurnal frequency exceeds the local Coriolis frequency. Observations so far averaged over appropriate periods, however, suggest the pervasion of propagating tide at meteor heights especially in wintertime in view of vertical phase structure. These might possibly be interpreted by the numerical modeling as the penetration of non-migrating higher zonal wave number tides which can be propagating in the counter-stream Doppler effect of the background mean zonal wind

Simulation of high energy tail of electron distribution function

This report presents Monte Carlo simulations of the electron energy distribution for alow ionized plasma interacting with the F-region neutral gas. The results show a depletion in theelectron distribution above 2 eV between 10 and 80 %, decreasing with altitude. The depletion ismainly due to electron energy loss to . This micro-physical energy transfer model gives goodagreement with optical observations of enhanced emissions from at 6300Å and EISCATUHF measurements of electron cooling during HF radio wave heating experiments. Someimplications for incoherent scatter spectra are derived. The results suggest that a weak(approximately 1000 times weaker than the ion-line) and wide (2 MHz) peak around +-1 MHz fromthe ion-line in the EISCAT VHF incoherent scatter spectrum should be a consequence of theelectron-neutral interaction

Optical Force and Torque on Dipolar Dual Chiral Particles

On the one hand, electromagnetic dual particles preserve the helicity of light upon interaction. On the other hand, chiral particles respond differently to light of opposite helicity. These two properties on their own constitute a source of fascination. Their combined action, however, is less explored. Here, we study on analytical grounds the force and torque as well as the optical cross sections of dual chiral particles in the dipolar approximation exerted by a particular wave of well-defined helicity: A circularly polarized plane wave. We put emphasis on particles that possess a maximally electromagnetic chiral and hence dual response. Besides the analytical insights, we also investigate the exerted optical force and torque on a real particle at the example of a metallic helix that is designed to approach the maximal electromagnetic chirality condition. Various applications in the context of optical sorting but also nanorobotics can be foreseen considering the particles studied in this contribution.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Jerome of Stridon’s epistolary model : the religious and political importance of such genre between Roman and Christian aristocracy and the Christian intellectuality in times of Christians and Barbarians’ cultural contact.

El género epistolar ha sido dentro de la intelectualidad cristiana tardo-antigua un recurso efectivo desde lo retórico y estético, pero también como relato escrito, con la expresividad y contundencia del relato oral. Jerónimo de Estridón ha sido un Padre de la Iglesia generoso en el arte de la descripción de la realidad cultural que lo rodeaba. Su visión sobre los otros (bárbaros) permite reconstruir la época y el significado del encuentro cultural entre cristianos y bárbaros. Connotar, apreciar, prejuzgar, excluir, confrontar, han sido algunas de las posiciones que la intelectualidad cristiana adoptó para con los otros, invasores bárbaros, cargados desde el discurso y la acción de una furia o energía vital que agravaba los vínculos y la cohabitación dentro de la parte Occidental del Imperio que crujía ante los avasallamientos que cada confrontación armada provocaba en el mismo. El tema de este trabajo será dilucidar desde elementos discursivos, culturales y político-religiosos la visión que Jerónimo de Stridón expresó en alguna de sus cartas, seleccionadas ex profeso para esta ponencia.The epistolary genre has been an eff ective resource from the rhetorical and esthetic views in the late ancient Christian intellectuality, but also it has been considered a written statement with the expressiveness and forcefulness of oral account. Jerome of Stridon has been a bighearted Father of the Church in the art of description of the cultural reality around him. His vision on other people (barbarians) allows reconstructing the period and the meaning of the cultural meeting between Christians and barbarians. To connote, to value, to presume, to reject, to challenge, have been some positions that Christian intellectuals adopted towards other people, the barbarians invaders. They loaded the speech and action with a fury or vital energy that made worse the links and the cohabitation inside the Western side of the Empire that weakened due to the subjugation and the armed confl ict caused therein. The topic of this work will consist in explaining Jerome’s vision based on discursive, cultural and political-religious elements expressed in one of his letters, specifi cally chosen for this paper.Fil: Gómez Aso, Graciela. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentin