Alkaline treatments on EFB fibre: the effect on mechanical-physical properties and fibre-cement hydration rate

The natural fibres commonly used to enhance the brittleness of the cement matrix but appropriate fibre should be used for a particular purpose depending upon the type of fibre and characteristics. The Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibre is one of the major crops in Malaysia, which contribute large scale of waste that is durable and make it reasonable for utilization in cement-based product. However, the presence of hemicellulose, lignin and extractive (oil, sugar and starch) affect the performance of EFB fibre and causes an incompatibility of EFB fibre and cement. Hence, this research is been conducted to explore the suitable proportion of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) treatment for EFB fibre to increase the compatibility of cement with EFB fibre. The NaOH concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% were used in this study as a chemical pre-treatment of EFB fibre for surface morphology observation and hydration rate test. Meanwhile for only untreated fibre, fibre treated with 0.4% (low concentration), 1% (medium concentration) and 4% (high concentration) of alkali treatment were tested for tensile strength of single EFB fibre. The fibre treated with NaOH has shown a significant different on the hydration temperature for EFB fibre- cement mixed compared with the untreated fibre. The higher NaOH concentration, the greater hydration temperatures obtain. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image show that the increment NaOH concentration applied, the rougher EFB fibre surface is observed with lesser silica body remain. The tensile properties of individual fibre treated with NaOH (0.4%, 1% and 4%) has shown significant increment as compare to the untreated fibre with the highest tensile properties mean value 422.90 N/mm2 at 4% NaOH concentration

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MOTION GRAPHIC MENGGUNAKAN POWTOON PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

This research is motivated by the lack of variety in learning media, as well as the lack of use of technology in learning media innovation. This research aims to develop motion graphic learning media using Powtoon in science and science learning in class V elementary schools that is valid, practical and effective. This type of research is development research (R&D) using the ADDIE model which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Data collection uses validation sheets, response questionnaires, and evaluation sheets. The test subjects in this research were class V students at SDN 12 Padang Besi and SDN 21 Bandar Buat. The results of this research showed that learning media had an average validation percentage level of 94.99% in the very valid category. The results of the practicality of teacher responses at SDN 12 Padang Besi and SDN 21 Bandar Buat obtained an overall average of 94.63% in the very practical category. Practicality Results of Student Responses at SDN 12 Padang Besi obtained a percentage of 91.25% and SDN 21 Bandar Buat obtained a percentage of 93.48% with the second category being very practical. The results of the effectiveness of learning media in class V at SDN 12 Padang Besi obtained a percentage increase in student learning outcomes of 90% with 80% completeness at the first meeting and 95% with 85% completeness at the second meeting. Meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness of learning media in class V at SDN 21 Bandar for the first meeting obtained a percentage of 93.75% with 87.5% completeness and at the second meeting it was 87.5% with 81.25% completeness. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this media has proven to be valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Menggunakan Model Inkuiri di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SD dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitiam tindakan kelas dalam bentuk studi literature.teknik pengambilan data adalah studi kepustakaan yang menggunakan data perpustakaan yang didapat dengan cara membaca,mencatat dan kemudian memprosesnya tanpa memerlukan penelitian langsung ( penelitian lapangan ). Hasil data  yang didapat dari  studi kepustakan yang diperoleh dari 21 jurnal dan 4 penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV dilihat dari hasil ketuntasan matematika dari sijkus I dengan presentase ketuntasan 49,50% dan mengalami kenaikan pada siklus II dengan presentase ketuntasan  96,61%.hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa telah mengalami ketuntasan belajar

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Di Kelas IV SD (Studi Literatur)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan model Problem Based Learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di  sekolah dasar. Metode Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu dengan menelusuri jurnal elektronik dan studi dokumentasi di perpustakaan. Dari hasil yang didapat beberapa jurnal dan review karya ilmiah skripsi yang relevan menunjukkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning adalah model yang memungkinkan siswa dalam menemukan masalah pada kehidupan sehari-hari dan membantu siswa untuk bisa berfikir kritis atas penemuan masalah tersebut, baik penemuan jawabannya individu maupun dalam bentuk diskusi.. Penelitian ini difokuskan kepada Problem Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan data yang diperoleh menggunakan beberapa siklus yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Terdapat perencanaan yang dilakukan oleh beberapa jurnal dan karya ilmiah skripsi tentang keberhasilan model problem based learning ini secara garis besar hasil yang diperoleh sekitar 35% sampai 94%. Dari penelitian beberapa review jurnal dan review karya ilmiah skripsi yang relevan menunjukkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di sekolah dasar

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Menggunakan Model TSTS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik terpadu menggunakan model two stay two stray. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dimana siklus I terdiri 2x pertemuan dan siklus II terdiri 1x pertemuan. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan peserta didik kelas IV SDN 48 Payakumbuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penilaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran siklus I 83,33% (B), meningkat pada siklus II 94,44% (SB). Penilaian aktivitas guru siklus 1 82,81% (B), meningkat pada siklus II 96,87% (SB). Penilaian aktivitas peserta didik siklus I 82,81% (B), meningkat pada siklus II 93,75% (SB). Hasil belajar pada siklus I 78,35 (C) dan meningkat pada siklus II 84,94 (B). Dengan demikian , dapat disimpulkan bahwa model two stay two stray dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu di Sekolah Dasar

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS MODEL PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS KELAS IV DI SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to overcome the limited use of technology-based media in IPAS learning, especially in the material of the five senses. Many students are less interested and motivated in the learning that takes place, so an innovative learning solution that utilizes technology is needed. The purpose of this research is to develop interactive multimedia that is valid, practical, and effective using the problem-based learning model. This research uses the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted in two schools, SDN 10 Aur Duri and SDN 07 Air Camar. The results of the material validity test on this interactive multimedia obtained 79.16% with a valid category, the results of the media validity test were 95.83% with a very valid category, and the results of the language validity test were 83.33% with a valid category. The results of the teacher response practicality test were 90.25% with a very practical category while the results of the student response practicality test were 96.56% with a very practical category. The results of the effectiveness test obtained pre-test with a result of 57% and pos- test of 88.5% show an increase in results. So it can be concluded that interactive multimedia based on the problem-based learning model in learning IPAS grade IV in elementary schools is valid, practical, and effective

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA FLIPBOOK DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI HEYZINE PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS DI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

This research is motivated by the need for innovation in the world of education that utilizes technology to support learning in schools. Even though the existing facilities are sufficient to create learning media. This research aims to develop digital flipbook media using heyzine in science and science learning in class V elementary school that is valid, practical and effective. This type of research is development research (R&D) with the ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Data from this research were obtained from validation results, practicality questionnaires, pre-test and post-test questions. The validation sheet is filled in by material, language and media experts.  Then a trial was carried out at SDN 21 Bandar Buat, Padang city by 16 people, consisting of 8 boys and 8 girls in class V. The results of this research obtained learning media in the form of digital flipbooks which were valid, practical and effective. The overall validation results obtained a percentage of 94.73% in the "Very Valid" category. The practicality results from the teacher response questionnaire were 92.85% in the "Very Practical" category and 90.36 for students in the "Very Practical" category. Meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness of the pre-test and post-test questions have increased. Thus, the use of digital flipbook media using the heyzine application in science and science learning in class V elementary school is declared valid, practical and effective in use

Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization as an effective chemo-mechanical process for the isolation of quality nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The cellulosic fiber was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using acid hydrolysis methods and, subsequently, homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer to produce NFC. The structural analysis and the crystallinity of the raw fiber and extracted cellulose were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thermal stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, respectively. The FTIR results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed effectively from the extracted cellulose nanofibrils. XRD analysis revealed that the percentage of crystallinity was increased from raw EFB to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), but the decrease for NFC might due to a break down the hydrogen bond. The size of the NFC was determined within the 5 to 10 nm. The TGA analysis showed that the isolated NFC had high thermal stability. The finding of present study reveals that combination of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization could be an effective chemo-mechanical process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from cellulosic plant fiber for reinforced composite materials

Production and purification of xylooligosaccharides from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre by a non-isothermal process

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibre, a by-product generated from non-woody, tropical perennial oil palm crop was evaluated for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. Samples of OPEFB fibre were subjected to non-isothermal autohydrolysis treatment using a temperature range from 150 to 220 ºC. The highest XOS concentration, 17.6 g/L which relayed from solubilisation of 63 g/100 g xylan was achieved at 210 ºC and there was a minimum amount of xylose and furfural being produced. The chromatographic purification which was undertaken to purify the oligosaccharide-rich liquor resulted in a product with 74–78% purity, of which 83–85% was XOS with degree of polymerisation (DP) between 5 and 40

Reduction of POME final discharge residual using activated bioadsorbent from oil palm kernel shell

A double insulated carbonisation-activation reactor was developed in order to produce activated carbon with high yield and surface area. This reactor was double insulated using low cement castable and covered around the internal space of the reactor with stainless steel plated and fibre glass jacketed heat insulation layer, which allow efficient heat transfer into the bed of material in the reactor. The carbonisation of oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) at 400 °C, followed by steam activation at 500–1000 °C continuously in the same reactor, with steam flow rate of 12.80–18.17 L/min had improved the activated carbon surface area from 305 ± 10.2 m2/g to 935 ± 36.7 m2/g and gave a high yield of 30% within 7 h retention time with a low gaseous emission. The activated carbon produced was successfully applied as bioadsorbent for the treatment of POME final discharge with the reduction of TSS, COD, colour and BOD up to 90%, 68%, 97% and 83%, respectively which met the standard set by Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE)