Sustainable development and environmental management - South East Anatolia project example

The globalization process that leads to the new world order of our times, has an economic and political content in line with the functions undertaken. The global system hinges upon national and international actors as well as the compromise among them. In this framework, environmental problems went far beyond the borders of any country, region and local areas and thus had an impact on the world as a whole, globalizing the responsibilities to a wide extent. Development of agriculture and energy together with demographic growth and environmental problems have rendered international relations important. Economic development is favoring developed countries and putting the developing countries in a more difficult situation than ever. The fact that almost 75% of international trade is among developed countries, constitutes an evidence of the economic difficulties faced by developing countries. It is obvious that abuse of the natural environment in various forms in developed countries for further development and in developing countries only for survival, has a negative impact on sustainable development. On the verge of the year 2000, a common opinion is that the relationship between development and environment can be maintained through policies and implementation tolls. It is claimed that the new economic balance can be harmonized with environmental components without forsaking development. Industrial production receives constant support by giving rise to the need for energy and water which constitutes a global problem. In this context, in order to sustain socio-economic development and improve quality of life, it becomes inevitable to consider natural environment as the sole capital. Therefore, the key to ensure sustainable development and economic viability of environmental resources is to integrate environmental values and costs into economic decisions and policies. In other words, in order to sustain long term socio-economic activities and to ensure an optimum balance, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the relevant industries and natural resources and to measure the maximum capacity. In fact, integration of the environmental dimension to the decision? making mechanisms leads to short and long term strategies for environmental protection. Therefore, considering the ecological and economic decisions in line with the interdependent eco-systems of different countries within the macro space is an important reference step for regional and sector-based planning activities regarding proper and efficient use of natural resources and conservation of vulnerable regions. Such a planning approach is important since ecological space components at the national and international levels within political decision processes influence regional development and investment policies. For this reason, when preparing a national planning policy, ecological and economic principles should be considered with regard to the international space dimension and the necessary legal political framework should be provided for global sustainability. In this context, the South East Anatolia Project introduced for the most underdeveloped region, the south-east of the country - the GAP ? is the largest project concerning water and energy resources in a developing country, Turkey. Within this project, an integrated and coordinated program and planning activities are foreseen in the region regarding agriculture, industry, education, health, infrastructure, transportation and communication. As it is known, with its international river basins, forests and soils, the South East Anatolia region is quite a vulnerable region regarding ecological and political components. This paper discusses the realization of international cooperation and monitoring activities regarding trans-border natural resource management and regional and sub-regional plan in light of the GAP Project.

Sustainable development and environmental management - South East Anatolia project example

The globalization process that leads to the new world order of our times, has an economic and political content in line with the functions undertaken. The global system hinges upon national and international actors as well as the compromise among them. In this framework, environmental problems went far beyond the borders of any country, region and local areas and thus had an impact on the world as a whole, globalizing the responsibilities to a wide extent. Development of agriculture and energy together with demographic growth and environmental problems have rendered international relations important. Economic development is favoring developed countries and putting the developing countries in a more difficult situation than ever. The fact that almost 75% of international trade is among developed countries, constitutes an evidence of the economic difficulties faced by developing countries. It is obvious that abuse of the natural environment in various forms in developed countries for further development and in developing countries only for survival, has a negative impact on sustainable development. On the verge of the year 2000, a common opinion is that the relationship between development and environment can be maintained through policies and implementation tolls. It is claimed that the new economic balance can be harmonized with environmental components without forsaking development. Industrial production receives constant support by giving rise to the need for energy and water which constitutes a global problem. In this context, in order to sustain socio-economic development and improve quality of life, it becomes inevitable to consider natural environment as the sole capital. Therefore, the key to ensure sustainable development and economic viability of environmental resources is to integrate environmental values and costs into economic decisions and policies. In other words, in order to sustain long term socio-economic activities and to ensure an optimum balance, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the relevant industries and natural resources and to measure the maximum capacity. In fact, integration of the environmental dimension to the decision? making mechanisms leads to short and long term strategies for environmental protection. Therefore, considering the ecological and economic decisions in line with the interdependent eco-systems of different countries within the macro space is an important reference step for regional and sector-based planning activities regarding proper and efficient use of natural resources and conservation of vulnerable regions. Such a planning approach is important since ecological space components at the national and international levels within political decision processes influence regional development and investment policies. For this reason, when preparing a national planning policy, ecological and economic principles should be considered with regard to the international space dimension and the necessary legal political framework should be provided for global sustainability. In this context, the South East Anatolia Project introduced for the most underdeveloped region, the south-east of the country - the GAP ? is the largest project concerning water and energy resources in a developing country, Turkey. Within this project, an integrated and coordinated program and planning activities are foreseen in the region regarding agriculture, industry, education, health, infrastructure, transportation and communication. As it is known, with its international river basins, forests and soils, the South East Anatolia region is quite a vulnerable region regarding ecological and political components. This paper discusses the realization of international cooperation and monitoring activities regarding trans-border natural resource management and regional and sub-regional plan in light of the GAP Project

Variant clinical courses in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Sixteen year experience of a single medical center

Objective: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presenting features, variation in the clinical courses, initial response rate to therapy, and long-term outcome in patients with ITP. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and fifty out of 491 newly diagnosed patients with ITP between the initial diagnosis ages of 6 months to 16 years were included in this retrospective, descriptive study. Patients with acute vs chronic ITP, acute vs recurrent ITP and chronic vs recurrent ITP were compared in terms of age at diagnosis, gender, initial platelet count, response rate to initial therapy, long-term outcome, and total duration of follow-up. Results: The clinical courses of the patients were determined as acute, chronic and recurrent in 63.8%, 29.1%, and 7.1%, respectively. Platelet count >20x109/L and initial diagnosis age >10 years were found to increase the probability of chronic outcome by at least two-fold. Conclusion: It is concluded that ITP in childhood is a common disease with low morbidity and mortality. In addition to the acute and chronic form, a rare recurrent form, which accounts for about 4-7% of all ITP patients, should be considered

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a novel approach for analyzing the biochemical effects of anionic surfactants on a surfactant-degrading acrobacter butzleri strain

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Anionic surfactant-biodegrading capability of an Arcobacter butzleri strain was analyzed under aerobic conditions. The A. butzleri isolate displayed efficient surfactant-biodegrading capacity for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in 6 days, corresponding to 99.0% removal efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to observe the effects of varying concentrations of SDS on the biochemistry of bacterial cells. Results suggest that protein secondary structures were altered in bacterial cells at sufficiently high SDS concentrations, concurrent with SDS biodegradation

Value Engineering for the Selection of the Filler Material between Shoring Wall and the Structure

In the traditional construction projects, project shareholders develop their projects rather by taking the cost into consideration after the occurrence of the need. The companies should focus on quality, cost and speed in the projects they carry out to be able to keep up in the competitive environment. Value engineering is the revision of the new or existent products at the design stage for the purpose of increasing the value of the product, decreasing the cost and increasing the functionality. In this study, it has been tried to decide which material / method should be selected to be able to fill the space between a shoring wall and the structure with the use of Value Engineering Method. Firstly, a value engineering team has been formed; it has been decided which needs the material / method should meet, solutions that could provide these needs have been sought and it has been decided to compare three determined alternative solutions. Afterwards, value analysis has been conducted and the solution that can meet the need both in terms of quality and cost has been tried to be selected. In this way, economically most convenient solution has been determined without neglecting the requests of the customers and the benefit to be attained. As a result of the Value Engineering study, it was concluded that Alternative 2b (making waste mold with profile and 15 mm oriented strand board) is the most suitable solution

Immunolocalization of Phospholipase C Zeta 1 in Water Buffalo Sperm and Its Role in Oocyte Activation

The present study aimed to investigate the expression and localization of Phospholipase C zeta 1 (PLCZ1) in water buffalo sperm and determine its localization pattern following the induction of early fertilization events. Initially, water buffalo semen under uncapacitated conditions underwent western blot analysis to detect and localize the PLCZ1 protein via immunofluorescence, utilizing antibodies specific to buffalo PLCZ1. In a parallel experiment, a subset of sperm underwent in-vitro capacitation in a medium containing bicarbonate, followed by treatment with a calcium ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction, providing evidence of capacitation. The findings revealed the detection of PLCZ1 as an immunoreactive band at approximately 77 kDa in buffalo sperm. Furthermore, immunolocalization of PLCZ1 in uncapacitated buffalo sperm showed predominant expression in the acrosome and post-acrosomal regions, with minimal reactivity in the tail region. Conversely, capacitated buffalo sperm exhibited a shift in PLCZ1 localization, with a prominent presence at the acrosomal cap region of the sperm head and reduced reactivity in the tail region. This translocation of PLCZ1 in capacitated sperm suggests early physiological activities, particularly in inducing calcium oscillation to initiate oocyte activation during fertilization. Moreover, the successful detection of PLCZ1 in buffalo sperm in the present study highlights its potential as a biological marker for screening bull fertility and genetic improvement in water buffaloes

Serio-Comic Journal of a Cruize, 1847-1848: annotated edition with introduction and commentary on sea journals

When he began his journal seaman Hugh Calhoun had high hopes for the outward-bound voyage ahead of him. Ship-of-the-Line Ohio was back from the Siege of Veracruz, being prepared for her next mission, and the War was at its height. The cruize, as he called it, did not turn out as eventful as he expected it to be and yet he was nevertheless able to produce a book which bountifully embodies a short but fruitful chapter of maritime literary history. Serio-Comic Journal of a Cruize, On Board of the U. S. Ship Ohio, Commencing from New York June 23d 1847, with its full name, is a shipboard diary kept by an ordinary seaman during the Mexican-American War. The 148-page manuscript volume, located at the archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston, is a product of the maturity phase of American sea writing as Calhoun, self-consciously a Jack Tar and an American, was representing a trained, well-read and well-influenced generation of sailor-authors who lived and recorded the final years of America under sail. The past three decades have seen a progressive conceptual expansion of the themes involving the ways in which literate sailors viewed the world they lived in. Scholars of early American literature, maritime history and culture have explored the meanings and information provided in the textual products of seamen. Upon comparison with similar material found at the archives of maritime museums and historical societies, and discussions with leading maritime historians, Serio-Comic Journal proved to be a meaningful source text which, through scholarly treatment, can benefit research in multiple disciplines due to the significance of its production date and the diversity of the topics and literary forms found in it. This edition aims to provide related fields of study with a historically contextualized shipboard document in the light of these latest findings. The transcription of the complete text is presented with glossarial, historiographical and geographical notes, whereas the introductory chapters discuss several key subjects to form a framework for the better evaluation of not only the source text of the edition but the sea journal genre as a whole

The Jangali Movement and How Its Themes Persist in Protests Under the Islamic Republic

Thanks to the Jangali Movement in the early decades of the 20th century, the northern province of Gilan in Iran was able to successfully establish a system of government that served the working-class population of the region. Although short-lived, this movement was a product of years of extreme exploitation of the labor, resources, and capital by both the national government and the global hegemonic powers of the era. The movement brought together an incredibly diverse coalition of working-class individuals who wanted to create a more equitable society. Under the current Islamic Republic of Iran, there have been several large-scale protests that have been triggered by similarly dire economic conditions. Although these recent protests have yet to bring about significant lasting change, the proliferation of each subsequent protest shows that the country is ripe for a serious restructuring of society, akin to the Jangali Movement that occurred a century prior, to focus more on the struggling working class population in Iran

A REVIEW ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGES IN TERMS OF CERTAIN FACTORS: SAMPLE OF TURKEY

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of factors including homework assignment given within semesters, class attendance and the type of high school graduated on vocational college students’ academic achievements in the Corporate Accounting course. Design/methodology/approach: In order to determine the sample’ understanding level on the topic of stock corporations which is a subtopic in Corporate Accounting course, a test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions was prepared by the researchers. The reliability of the test was determined as 0.84 by using the formula “KR-20”. Causal - comparative research design was used in scope of the study. The data obtained was analyzed by using independent samples t-test, ANOVA and regression. Findings: Upon the analyses carried out, it was found out that academic achievement varies depending on the homework assignment given within the period and class attendance hours of the student. When the joint effect of the factors on academic achievement was examined, it was seen that only the homework assignment factor has a significant effect. Research limitations/implications: This study only examined the Corporate Accounting course which is studied by the students of Accounting and Tax Applications Department in one vocational college in Turkey. In this study, used variables that are thought to be related with the academic achievement and on which unbiased data can be collected were preferred. Originality/Value: In the studies so far, the effects of the related variables on academic achievement have been examined one by one. This study determines the common effect of multiple variables used in this study called homework assignment, class attendance and the type of high school graduated on academic achievement. In this way, it will be possible to learn the variables that are more influential on academic achievement within a single study

A Bibliometric Study on Eye-Tracking Research in Tourism

The purpose of this paper is to determine the position of eye-tracking studies in the tourism literature and to provide a panoramic perspective of social and intellectual structures of eye-tracking studies in tourism. Bibliometric methods have been used to analyze 64 studies published from 2013 – 2019. Descriptive, network, and cluster analyses were applied in the R statistics program. The annual growth rate on eye-tracking research in tourism was 38.31%. Most of the authors preferred to cite articles from tourism journals. Effective researchers preferred to use "eye-tracking" and "visual attention" as author keywords in their research. Most of the studies took place in a laboratory environment. The studies discussed many dimensions such as culture, language, website design, advertising strategies, satisfaction, and usability. However, the effect of marketing and behavior studies is remarkable. Institutions and countries with close geographical links tended to publish together, but countries such as the USA, the UK, China, and Australia come to the fore in the collaboration network. Scopus-indexed English publications, most of which are articles, and proceedings were analyzed. Future studies may use different academic databases and publication types. This study is one of the first bibliometric analyses of eye-tracking studies in tourism