Gender and migrations. A study about Tarija migrant women around the market of horticultural work of Apolinario Saravia in the province of Salta

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la incidencia del sistema de género en origen/destino sobre los proyectos migratorios y las experiencias laborales de mujeres tarijeñas de origen campesino. Particularmente de aquellas mujeres que migraron entre la década de 1980 y 2000, de forma asociacional, a través de redes masculinas hacia distintas zonas del Noroeste argentino y se vincularon como trabajadoras en la actividad hortícola de Apolinario Saravia (provincia de Salta). Con dicho objetivo optamos por unaestrategia metodológica etnográfica,utilizando como técnicas de obtención de datos principalmente la entrevistaen profundidad y la observación participante.is work is aimed at analyzing the impact of gender system in origin/destination on the migratory projects and labor experiences of women from Tarija. ey come from peasant families who migrated to different areas of the Northwest of Argentina from 1980 to 2000 and became horticulture workers in Apolinario Saravia (Salta province). ese women’s migration was mainly associational, through male networks, and with the intention of working with their male partners. To this end, qualitative data collection methods were carried out according to an ethnographic strategy based on in-depth interviews and participant observation.Fil: Ataide, Soraya. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Argentin

Breastfeeding among teenage and adult mothers in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding among teenage (younger than 20 years old) and adult mothers of six-month-old children and to identify factors associated with weaning. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 237 teenage mothers and 239 adult mothers living in the city of Montes Claros, Brazil, whose babies were six-month-old at the time of the interview was carried out. Mothers answered a questionnaire at home. To assess factors associated with weaning, univariate, Mantel-Haenszel, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Breastfeeding prevalence in children aged 6 months was 71.3% among teenage mothers and 77.4% among adult mothers (crude OR=1.38; p=0.128), but after adjusting for control variables the role of adolescence added considerable weight to weaning. Factors associated with weaning were: marital status, mother's occupation after delivery (both showed interaction with teenage years), difficulty to breastfeeding in the first days after delivery, and exclusive breastfeeding at the time of hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The observed interactions with teenage in regard to weaning suggest that motherhood in this age group has unique features that should be further investigated.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de amamentação entre mães adolescentes (menores de 20 anos de idade) e não-adolescentes aos seis meses de vida da criança e identificar fatores associados ao desmame. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal feito por amostragem, com entrevista aplicada no domicílio a 237 mães adolescentes e 239 não-adolescentes, residentes na cidade de Montes Claros, MG, com filhos de seis meses de idade no momento da entrevista. Para avaliar fatores associados ao desmame, realizou-se análise univariada, seguida de bivariada de Mantel-Haenszel e regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de amamentação aos seis meses de vida foi de 71,3% entre as mães adolescentes e 77,4% entre as não-adolescentes (OR bruta =1,38; p=0,128). O papel da adolescência no desmame ganhou importância com o ajuste para variáveis de controle. Os fatores associados ao desmame foram: estado conjugal, atividade fora do lar após o parto (esses dois apresentaram interação com adolescência), dificuldade para amamentar nos primeiros dias e aleitamento exclusivo ao peito na alta hospitalar. CONCLUSÕES: As interações observadas com a adolescência em relação ao desmame sugerem que a maternidade nessa faixa etária tem peculiaridades que a mantém como objeto especial de estudo.Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Medicina PreventivaUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina PreventivaSciEL

Kontrola kvalitete pri biosintezi aminoacil-tRNA

The fidelity of translation is determined at two major points: the accuracy of aminoacyl-tRNA selection by the ribosomes and synthesis of cognate amino acid/tRNA pairs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) in the course of the aminoacylation reaction. The most important point in aminoacylation is the accurate recognition of cognate substrates coupled with discrimination of non-cognates. While this is generally accomplished by a single enzyme, we have recently found that discrimination against lysine analogues requires the existence of two unrelated lysyl-tRNA synthetases. For other amino acids, initial recognition is not sufficiently accurate with errors being corrected by an intrinsic editing activity. Recent studies indicate how editing prevents the misinterpretation of phenylalanine as tyrosine in the genetic code and have shown the importance of this process in vivo. More recent studies indicate that while these editing reactions are critical in the cytoplasm, some are absent from mitochondria suggesting that the overall fidelity of protein synthesis might be reduced in this compartment.Vjernost translacije bitno ovisi o točnosti dvaju koraka: odabiru aminoacil-tRNA na ribosomu i sintezi ispravnih aminoacil-tRNA pomoću odgovarajućih aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaza u reakciji aminoaciliranja. Najvažniji događaj u aminoaciliranju precizno je prepoznavanje pripadnih supstrata (tRNA i aminokiseline) i diskriminacija nepripadnih. Iako taj posao uglavnom obavlja po jedan enzim za svaki par tRNA : aminokiselina, nedavno smo ustanovili da su za diskriminaciju analoga lizina potrebne dvije različite lizil-tRNA-sintetaze. U nekim drugim slučajevima otkriveno je da su pogreške u odabiru tRNA i njihovih pripadnih aminokiseline i suviše velike, pa je nužan naknadni popravak pogrešnih produkata u reakciji aminoaciliranja, koji također mogu katalizirati neke aminoacil-tRNA-sintetaze. Na primjeru krivog odabira tirozina umjesto fenilalanina, te naknadnog popravka, pokazano je kako je mogućnost korekcije važna u sprečavanju pogrešne translacije genetičkog koda in vivo. Najnovija istraživanja pokazala su da su mehanizmi popravka od ključne važnosti u citoplazmi, no neki se ne zbivaju u mitohondriju, ukazujući na smanjenu ukupnu točnost biosinteze proteina u ovom staničnom odjeljku

Adapt to host: transforming the existing into new experiences of housing in Sao Paulo's city centre

As a consequence of the unprecedented urban population growth, and the continuous increase of the urbanisation rates, we have been reaching an intensively built environment, accumulating structures and increasing our building stock relentlessly at global scale. Such condition, raises questions to the architecture discipline: What to do with the built? How do we deal with the consolidated and extensive built environment that we have today? What to do with such preexisting structures? The extensive built environment, byproduct of a constant newly build-up process, bings challenges in terms of possible approaches, and also concerning contradictions in terms of use. As a response to such concerns, and in the search for alternative building modes, the methodology of adapting the existing architecture for a continued use, appears as an alternative to better mediate our built urban conditions and its existing structures. An alternative that is more sustainably and culturally sound, more aware of our reality, and also in straighter connection to the user, community and actual needs of society. Through the exploration of practical project strategies for a new housing program, that can be applied in a real context, the methodology of adapting the existing architecture shows it self as not only doable, but also advantageous and inspiring of quality and creative project outcomes. Furthering thus the idea of “to adapt” as methodology to be explored in order to improve our urban environment and therefore develop architecture ideas thinking on the future.Award-winnin

A Systematic Approach to the Detection, Quantification and Classification of Thyroid Nodules in Ultrasound Images using Image Computing, Machine and Deep Learning for Reduced Subjectivity and Inter- and Intraobserver Variability

Ultrasound imaging is used as a first and most frequent mode for assessing thyroid nodules. Nodule features like irregular shape, microcalcifications, and taller-than-wide morphology raise suspicion for malignancy. However, classification of thyroid nodules using ultrasound images depends heavily on the interpreting physician's experience and skill, leading to inherent issues with subjectivity and both interobserver and intraobserver variability. This thesis presents a systematic approach for the detection, region estimation and classification of thyroid nodules using ultrasound images aimed at reducing overall subjectivity and inter- and intraobserver variability. This is achieved through the use of texture analysis, feature extraction, machine learning and deep learning using ultrasound images with thyroid nodules. The study begins by differentiating textures of the thyroid gland from surrounding organs in US images using autoregressive features and machine learning. This is followed by the comparison of performances from four different deep learning algorithms for the detection and localization of thyroid nodules. Subsequently, we estimate and quantify the solid and cystic regions within thyroid nodules using textural analysis and machine learning. Lastly, extraction of geometric and morphological features, helps classify thyroid nodules using machine learning techniques that consider the visual characteristics analyzed by physicians according to TIRADS. Thus, providing them with quantifiable evidence that supports the classification process. Future research will focus on refining and validating these models, and determine how best to incorporate them into existing clinical workflows

Impact of 2009 Amnesty Programme on Youth Development in the Niger Delta

The amnesty programme was proclaimed by the then-president Umaru Ya adua in June 2009 to grant pardon to all persons who directly or indirectly participated in militant activities in the Niger Delta region and were willing to surrender their weapons and renounce armed struggle against the federal government The amnesty programme sought to disarm demobilize integrate the repentant militants into the society through skill acquisition human capital development financial empowerment micro-credit facility and placement programme which had started and is ongoing This work seeks to ascertain the impact of the amnesty programme on the youth and development of the Niger Delta Region It adapts the historical approach and its materials were derived from secondary services The study also adopts the resource curse theoretical framework Finding from the study shows that environmental despoliation destruction of land and Rivers creeks in the area render the traditional occupation of farming and fishing impossible hardship on the people unemployment disease and death as a result of activities of oil multinational companies have not been addressed The study then recommends environmental mitigations and rejuvenation repeal of obnoxious oil industry laws timely release of funds for the programme assuage the youths from further militant activities in the Regio