Analysis and observation of grid connected single phase inverter integration

A single-phase grid connected with a photovoltaic (PV) power system that will provide high voltage gain with state model analysis for the control of the system has been presented. In addition to the solar panels, the system is equipped with a dc–dc converter, which allows the panels’ maximum power point to be tracked, a singlephase inverter and PI controller, all connected to a single-phase utility grid. The maximum power point is maintained with a perturb and observe method. A PI controller is used to control the power injected into the grid. The controller is used to generate PWM and also controlling extra power. The maximum power delivered, and it is synchronized with help of PWM to improve the power quality and system efficiency. In this project the design separated in closed loop and open loop designs. The result in both designs are different where is the voltage will be increase up to 3.214% more in closed loop design. Also, the power will increase up to 27.78% in closed loop design

Short story The Root of All Evil Грэма Грина: жанр и поэтика

The article considers the problem of genre attribution of the short story The Root of All Evil by Graham Greene, which is defined as novella by the French criticism and as a story by the Russian criticism, and correlation of its poetics with the genre model. The importance and topicality of solving this problem lies in the fact that this is the first study of the genre specificity and poetics of one of Greene’s short stories written in the comic mode, which opens the prospect of a comprehensive study of the whole body of his short prose (not studied yet).The research is based on the theory of the genre (M. Bakhtin, N. Leiderman, R. Welleck and O. Warren, etc.), according to which the genre is a form of artistic cognition of the world, has genre memory (the semantic core of the genre) and sets the parameters of the artistic world-modeling and reading of the text, and also uses the genological, textual, structural-analytical and narratological principles of analysis, which allowed to make the following conclusions. First, the presence in the work of such characteristic features of the novel genre as an unusual case or incident underlying the plot; one dominant storyline and the dynamism of  unfolding of events with their accumulation; an unexpected turn of the plot (novelistic pointe) and a comic beginning inherent in a significant number of short stories. Secondly, the semantic content of the work corresponds to the artistic model of the novelistic genre, which is characterized by a mockery of the undue, defective, false (in this case religious dogmatism) and the assertion of a healthy and full-fledged element of being.The method used in the work and the results obtained are promising both for further study of Graham Greene’s small prose and for similar fields of research. Статья рассматривает проблему жанровой атрибуции short story The Root of All Evil Грэма Грина, которую именуют то новеллой (французская критика), то рассказом (русскоязычная критика), и взаимосвязь ее поэтики с жанровой моделью. Важность и актуальность решения поставленной задачи заключается в том, что это первое исследование жанровой специфики и поэтики одной из гриновских short stories, написанных в комическом модусе, которое открывает перспективу комплексного изучения всего корпуса его малой прозы (до сих пор не изученной).Исследование опирается на теорию жанра (М. Бахтин, Н. Лейдерман, Р. Уэллек и О. Уоррен и др.), согласно которой жанр является формой художественного познания мира, обладает жанровой памятью (семантическим ядром жанра) и задает параметры художественного миромоделирования и прочтения текста, а также использует генологические, текстологические, структурно-аналитические и нарратологические принципы анализа, что позволило сделать следующие выводы. Во-первых, наличие в произведении таких характерных для жанра новеллы признаков, как необычное происшествие или «казус», лежащие в основе сюжета; одна доминирующая сюжетная линия и динамизм развертывания событий с их аккумуляцией; неожиданный сюжетный поворот (новеллистический пуант) и комическое начало, присущее значительному количеству новелл. Во-вторых, смысловое содержание произведения отвечает художественной модели именно новеллистического жанра, для которой характерно осмеяние недолжного, ущербного, ложного (в данном случае религиозного догматизма) и утверждение здоровой и полноценной стихии бытия.Использованная в работе методика и полученные результаты представляются перспективными как для дальнейшего изучения малой прозы Грэма Грина, так и для аналогичных сфер исследования

Multimode interference devices for focusing in microfluidic channels

Low-cost, compact, automated optical microsystems for chemical analysis, such as microflow cytometers for identification of individual biological cells, require monolithically integrated microlenses for focusing in microfluidic channels, to enable high-resolution scattering and fluorescence measurements. The multimode interference device (MMI), which makes use of self-imaging in multimode waveguides, is shown to be a simple and effective alternative to the microlens for microflow cytometry. The MMIs have been designed, realized, and integrated with microfluidic channels in a silica-based glass waveguide material system. Focal spot sizes of 2.4 µm for MMIs have been measured at foci as far as 43.7 µm into the microfluidic channel

Cell sorting in a Petri dish controlled by computer vision.

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) applying flow cytometry to separate cells on a molecular basis is a widespread method. We demonstrate that both fluorescent and unlabeled live cells in a Petri dish observed with a microscope can be automatically recognized by computer vision and picked up by a computer-controlled micropipette. This method can be routinely applied as a FACS down to the single cell level with a very high selectivity. Sorting resolution, i.e., the minimum distance between two cells from which one could be selectively removed was 50-70 micrometers. Survival rate with a low number of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and NE-4C neuroectodermal mouse stem cells was 66 +/- 12% and 88 +/- 16%, respectively. Purity of sorted cultures and rate of survival using NE-4C/NE-GFP-4C co-cultures were 95 +/- 2% and 62 +/- 7%, respectively. Hydrodynamic simulations confirmed the experimental sorting efficiency and a cell damage risk similar to that of normal FACS

A novel electrochemical process for the recovery and recycling of ferric chloride from precipitation sludge

During wastewater treatment and drinking water production, significant amounts of ferric sludge (comprising ferric oxy-hydroxides and FePO4) are generated that require disposal. This practice has a major impact on the overall treatment cost as a result of both chemical addition and the disposal of the generated chemical sludge. Iron sulfide (FeS) precipitation via sulfide addition to ferric phosphate (FePO4) sludge has been proven as an effective process for phosphate recovery. In turn, iron and sulfide could potentially be recovered from the FeS sludge, and recycled back to the process. In this work, a novel process was investigated at lab scale for the recovery of soluble iron and sulfide from FeS sludge. Soluble iron is regenerated electrochemically at a graphite anode, while sulfide is recovered at the cathode of the same electrochemical cell. Up to 60±18% soluble Fe and 46±11% sulfide were recovered on graphite granules for up-stream reuse. Peak current densities of 9.5±4.2Am-2 and minimum power requirements of 2.4±0.5kWhkgFe-1 were reached with real full strength FeS suspensions. Multiple consecutive runs of the electrochemical process were performed, leading to the successful demonstration of an integrated process, comprising FeS formation/separation and ferric/sulfide electrochemical regeneration

New type of microengine using internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen

Microsystems become part of everyday life but their application is restricted by lack of strong and fast motors (actuators) converting energy into motion. For example, widespread internal combustion engines cannot be scaled down because combustion reactions are quenched in a small space. Here we present an actuator with the dimensions 100x100x5 um^3 that is using internal combustion of hydrogen and oxygen as part of its working cycle. Water electrolysis driven by short voltage pulses creates an extra pressure of 0.5-4 bar for a time of 100-400 us in a chamber closed by a flexible membrane. When the pulses are switched off this pressure is released even faster allowing production of mechanical work in short cycles. We provide arguments that this unexpectedly fast pressure decrease is due to spontaneous combustion of the gases in the chamber. This actuator is the first step to truly microscopic combustion engines.Comment: Paper and Supplementary Information (to appear in Scientific Reports

Women empowerment as portrayed through the Egyptian cinema: content analysis of films produced between 2001-2011

This research analyzed the portrayal of women empowerment in the Egyptian cinema between the years 2001-2011. This specific period was chosen as this is when the Egyptian cinema started to tackle women\u27s issues in line with real-life improvements in Egyptian women\u27s status quo; such as the issue of Khul law, the establishment of the National Council for Women and the right to pass on the Egyptian nationality to their children to the researcher conducted a content analysis of 20 movies that were produced during the time span covered in the study and that have discussed woman\u27s question or have presented women through different frames. Moreover, in-depth interviews with cinema practitioners, scholars and academics were conducted in order to apply triangulation of data. A list of 52 female characters were coded in order to explore the different empowerment/disempowerment frames women get presented through in the Egyptian cinema as well as to gauge any differences in women portrayals than those concluded in previous studies. Also, the researcher aimed to analyze depictions of single, divorced and widowed women and whether the presence of female filmmakers in movies\u27 production teams will affect representations of women empowerment. The study applied the concept of framing and Freire\u27s theory of empowerment in order to examine the research\u27s questions and hypotheses. The findings of this study revealed that portrayals of women\u27s social class, job status, nature of job status, level of education and character traits have improved as compared to previous studies of movies that were produced in the nineties. Meanwhile, portrayals of women\u27s background, age and relationship status have remained negative. Furthermore, single, divorced and widowed women are stereotyped in the Egyptian cinema. Female and male filmmakers of the movies studied in this research had similar representations of women empowerment. Last but not least, movies produced in the 21st century tackled issues of great importance to the woman\u27s question such as female autonomy, female sexuality issues and female independency. Females are also depicted through new empowerment frames as well as disempowerment ones

Increasing ubiquity in language learning using WhatsApp

Conference paperIn recent years, web-based e-Iearning, has received great attention as a possible method to increase efficiency and access to both basic and higher education in Africa. While the performance of institutional e-Iearning and learner management systems (LMS) continues to face critical scrutiny, the value proposition of e-Iearning seems to have settled the debate and reduced attention on whet her the continent is ready for networked educational technologies. The attention has shifted from infrastructural and cost issues towards mobile technologies or mobile-enhanced e-Iearning, mainly because of the rapid increase in mobile phone use in the continent, and the persisting problems access and equity. This study sought to investigate the use of Whatsapp mobile social networking application in enhancing ubiquity of teaching and learning within mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Students were required to use the App to complete group tasks and the times during which these activities were carried out were observed and analysed. The target subjects for the study were university students who are elementary learners of Japanese as a foreign language in an African university. This study combines the findings of the pilot phase of a case study, with on-going background literature review of mobile learning for Africa. The initial results show that Whatsapp enhances ubiquitous learning and provides proof of opportunities for exploiting available mobile Web technologies in an African university setting.In recent years, web-based e-Iearning, has received great attention as a possible method to increase efficiency and access to both basic and higher education in Africa. While the performance of institutional e-Iearning and learner management systems (LMS) continues to face critical scrutiny, the value proposition of e-Iearning seems to have settled the debate and reduced attention on whet her the continent is ready for networked educational technologies. The attention has shifted from infrastructural and cost issues towards mobile technologies or mobile-enhanced e-Iearning, mainly because of the rapid increase in mobile phone use in the continent, and the persisting problems access and equity. This study sought to investigate the use of Whatsapp mobile social networking application in enhancing ubiquity of teaching and learning within mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Students were required to use the App to complete group tasks and the times during which these activities were carried out were observed and analysed. The target subjects for the study were university students who are elementary learners of Japanese as a foreign language in an African university. This study combines the findings of the pilot phase of a case study, with on-going background literature review of mobile learning for Africa. The initial results show that Whatsapp enhances ubiquitous learning and provides proof of opportunities for exploiting available mobile Web technologies in an African university setting