Glutathione-S-Transferase and Thiol Stress in patients with acute renal failure

Introduction: Tubular damage is common finding in acute renal failure (ARF). Various etiologies have been put forth to explain the tubular damage in ARF, one important mechanism among them is oxidative damage to renal tubules. Several biomolecules including low-molecular weight peptides and enzymes in urine have been proposed as early markers of renal failure. Current study has been undertaken to study the thiol stress and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels in ARF patients. Method: 58 ARF patients and 55 healthy controls were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum thiols, GST, malanoldehyde (MDA) and urine thiols were determined by spectrophotometer based methods. Results: Serum thiols and urine thiols were significantly decreased (p<0.0001), and serum GST and MDA levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001) in ARF patients compared to healthy controls. Serum GST and MDA correlated positively in ARF cases (r2 = 0.6938, p<0.0001). Conclusion: There is significant thiol stress and increased lipid peroxidation in ARF patients which leads to tubular cell membrane damage and release of GST into blood stream and into urine. This may be possible mechanism for the increased presence of GST in urine (enzymuria) found in other studie

TruNatomy Niti Rotary Files: A Narrative Review of Their Potential and Limitations in Modern Endodontics

This review critically evaluates the clinical performance of TruNatomy rotary files, a novel endodontic file system designed to optimize root canal preparation. The unique design and manufacturing process of TruNatomy aim to enhance flexibility, fatigue resistance, and cutting efficiency. While studies have demonstrated promising results in terms of dentin preservation, effective canal shaping, and high cyclic fatigue resistance, concerns have emerged regarding potential drawbacks.Research has shown that TruNatomy may exhibit higher levels of debris extrusion and postoperative pain compared to some other rotary file systems. Additionally, its performance in complex canal anatomies may be limited by its lower buckling resistance. Although TruNatomy offers potential benefits, further comprehensive clinical studies are necessary to fully assess its long-term clinical performance, particularly in comparison to established rotary file systems. By evaluating the available evidence, this review aims to provide a balanced perspective on the clinical utility of TruNatomy and identify areas for future research

Developments in the scientific understanding of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is often a progressive and disabling disease, which occurs in the setting of a variety of risk factors – such as advancing age, obesity, and trauma – that conspire to incite a cascade of pathophysiologic events within joint tissues. An important emerging theme in osteoarthritis is a broadening of focus from a disease of cartilage to one of the 'whole joint'. The synovium, bone, and cartilage are each involved in pathologic processes that lead to progressive joint degeneration. Additional themes that have emerged over the past decade are novel mechanisms of cartilage degradation and repair, the relationship between biomechanics and biochemical pathways, the importance of inflammation, and the role played by genetics. In this review we summarize current scientific understanding of osteoarthritis and examine the pathobiologic mechanisms that contribute to progressive disease

Management of Open Apex in Permanent Anterior Teeth-Case Reports

The new developments have greatly enhanced the clinician’s ability to achieve the biologically-based objectives of root canal treatment, which include removal of all tissue, bacteria and bacterial products and substrates from the root canal system, shaping and filling the canal system

Agenda Setting Dynamics of Customary Tourism Village as an Effort to Preserve Tengger Culture in Ngadas Village

Ngadas Village, a rural village located at the foot of Mount Bromo, East Java, Indonesia, has great potential in tourism and agriculture. This village is in the spotlight because of the diversity of cultures and traditions of the Tengger Tribe who have lived and maintained their customs which are derived from their ancestors. However, to gain official recognition as a customary village, NgadasVillage faces complex complexities and challenges that affect its approval process. This study aims to comprehensively understand the dynamics of the process of ratifying Ngadas Village as a tourism and customary village, with a focus on agenda setting and the obstacles encountered in the systemic agenda and institutional agenda. The research method used is a phenomenological qualitative approach, involving informants who have a deep understanding of the events and circumstances involved. The results of the study show that the local community and traditional leaders of Ngadas Village have played an active role in pushing for approval as a tourism and customary village. They realize the importance of cultural preservation and the need to uphold their traditional customs, which are gradually eroded by time

Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Off-Grid Sebagai Suplai Daya Baterai Gerobak Listrik

The development of renewable energy technology has become an alternative solution in addressing the energy crisis and global environmental issues. One application of this technology is the use of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) as a clean and sustainable energy source. This research aims to design and build an off-grid PLTS system that functions as a power supply for charging electric cart batteries. This system is designed to work independently without relying on the PLN electricity network, making it suitable for use in supporting the mobility of small businesses in areas without electricity. The main components used include solar panels, a solar charge controller, an energy storage battery, and an inverter. Test results show that the system is able to generate sufficient electrical power to optimally charge electric cart batteries, with good efficiency and maintained voltage stability. Thus, the implementation of this off-grid PLTS can be an alternative energy solution that is environmentally friendly, efficient, and supports energy independence on a small scale. As an alternative energy to help the development and progress of MSMEs in Solo. In addition, the use of this off-grid PLTS system is considered to have great potential for replication in various other regions, especially in areas with high solar radiation intensity. This research also shows that implementing solar energy technology in business vehicles like electric carts not only supports environmental aspects but also increases the productivity of micro-entrepreneurs. With its simple yet efficient system design, this solution is expected to encourage broader adoption of renewable energy in the community-based economy

A RG-II type polysaccharide purified from Aconitum coreanum and their anti-inflammatory activity

Korean mondshood root polysaccharides (KMPS) isolated from the root of Aconitum coreanum (Lévl.) Rapaics have shown anti-inflammatory activity, which is strongly influenced by their chemical structures and chain conformations. However, the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect by these polysaccharides have yet to be elucidated. A RG-II polysaccharide (KMPS-2E, Mw 84.8 kDa) was isolated from KMPS and its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The backbone of KMPS-2E consisted of units of [→6) -β-D-Galp (1→3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-GalpA-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→] with the side chain →5)-β-D-Arap (1→3, 5)-β-D-Arap (1→ attached to the backbone through O-4 of (1→3,4)-L-Rhap. T-β-D-Galp is attached to the backbone through O-6 of (1→3,6)-β-D-Galp residues and T-β-D-Ara is connected to the end group of each chain. The anti-inflammatory effects of KMPS-2E and the underlying mechanisms using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema were investigated. KMPS-2E (50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) inhibits iNOS, TLR4, phospho-NF-κB–p65 expression, phosphor-IKK, phosphor-IκB-α expression as well as the degradation of IκB-α and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-6) mediated by the NF-κB signal pathways in macrophages. KMPS-2E also inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB as assayed by electrophorectic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in a dose-dependent manner and it reduced NF-κB DNA binding affinity by 62.1% at 200µg/mL. In rats, KMPS-2E (200 mg/kg) can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced paw edema as ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) within 3 h after a single oral dose. The results indicate that KMPS-2E is a promising herb-derived drug against acute inflammation

Perception of Endodontist /General dentists on Etiologies of file fracture associated with different types of rotary file systems. –A Questionnaire based cross sectional study

Background: File fractures are a common complication in endodontic procedures, leading to increased treatment time and potential treatment failure. Understanding the etiologies of file fractures is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the various factors contributing to file fractures, with a particular focus on TruNatomy file systems. The study compared the perceptions of endodontists and general dentists regarding the etiologies of file fractures and analyzed the factors associated with different types of rotary file systems.Methods: A non-probability convenience sampling of 2000 patients undergoing root canal treatment on mandibular first molars was conducted. Endodontists and general dentists (n=100 each) evaluated 10 cases using their standard NiTi system and TruNatomy file systems. Data was collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests.Results: The study identified excessive pressure, over-usage of instruments, complex root canal anatomy, and incorrect insertion angles as common etiologies of file fractures. TruNatomy file systems were consistently associated with a higher risk of fracture due to excessive pressure and over-usage. Other file systems also exhibited varying levels of risk associated with specific factors.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of preventive measures, including careful instrument selection, proper technique, and ongoing education, to reduce the risk of file fractures in endodontic procedures