Prise en charge précoce des enfants nés avec un liquide méconial (enquête dans les maternités françaises )

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Magnetic Cannon: the physics of the Gauss rifle

International audienceThe magnetic cannon is a simple device that converts magnetic energy into kinetic energy: when a steel ball with low initial velocity impacts a chain made of a magnet followed by a few other steel balls, the last ball of the chain is ejected at a much larger velocity. The analysis of this spectacular device involves understanding of advanced magnetostatics, energy conversion and collision of solids. In this article, the phenomena at each step of the process are modeled to predict the final kinetic energy of the ejected ball as a function of a few parameters which can all be experimentally measured

Nuclear alignment in myotubes requires centrosome proteins recruited by nesprin-1

Myotubes are syncytial cells, generated by fusion of myoblasts. Among the numerous nuclei in myotubes of skeletal muscle fibres, the majority are equidistantly positioned at the periphery, except for clusters of multiple nuclei underneath the motor endplate. The correct positioning of nuclei is thought to be important for muscle function and requires nesprin-1, a protein of the nuclear envelope. Consistently, mice lacking functional nesprin-1 show defective nuclear positioning and mimic aspects of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. In this study, we perform siRNA experiments in C2C12 myoblasts undergoing differentiation, demonstrating that the positioning of nuclei requires PCM-1, a protein of the centrosome that relocalizes to the nuclear envelope at the onset of differentiation, dependent on the presence of nesprin-1. PCM-1 itself is required for recruiting proteins of the dynein/dynactin complex and of kinesin motor complexes. This suggests that microtubule motors that are attached to the nuclear envelope support the movement of nuclei along microtubules, to ensure correct positioning in the myotube.</jats:p

Heat transfer and evaporative cooling in the function of pot-in-pot coolers

International audienceA pot-in-pot cooler is an affordable electricity-free refrigerator which uses the latent heat of vaporization of water to maintain a low temperature inside an inner compartment. In this article we experimentally investigate the influence of the main physical parameters in model pot-in-pot coolers. The effect of the wind on the evaporation rate of the cooling fluid is studied in model experiments while the influence of the fluid properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat and latent heat) is elucidated using a variety of cooling fluids (water, ethanol and ether). A model based on a simplified heat conduction equation is proposed and is shown to be in good quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements

Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Reduces the Duration of Hypoglycemia Episodes: A Randomized Trial in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Hypoglycemia is frequent in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates and compromises their neurological outcome. The aim of this study was to compare real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) to standard methods by intermittent capillary blood glucose testing in detecting and managing hypoglycemia.</p><p>Study design</p><p>Forty-eight VLBW neonates were enrolled in this prospective study. During their 3 first days of life, their glucose level was monitored either by RT-CGMS (CGM-group), or by intermittent capillary glucose testing (IGM-group) associated with a blind-CGMS to detect retrospectively missed hypoglycemia. Outcomes were the number and duration of hypoglycemic (≤50mg/dl) episodes per patient detected by CGMS.</p><p>Results</p><p>Forty-three monitorings were analyzed (IGM n = 21, CGM n = 22), with a median recording time of 72 hours. In the IGM group, blind-CGMS revealed a significantly higher number of hypoglycemia episodes than capillary blood glucose testing (1.2±0.4 vs 0.4±0.2 episode/patient, p<0.01). In the CGM-group, the use of RT-CGMS made it possible (i) to detect the same number of hypoglycemia episodes as blind-CGMS (1.2±0.4 episode/patient), (ii) to adapt the glucose supply in neonates with hypoglycemia (increased supply during days 1 and 2), and (iii) to significantly reduce the duration of hypoglycemia episodes per patient (CGM 44[10–140] min versus IGM 95[15–520] min, p<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the number of blood samples (CGM 16.9±1.0 vs IGM 21.9±1.0 blood sample/patient, p<0.001).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>RT-CGMS played a beneficial role in managing hypoglycemia in VLBW neonates by adjusting the carbohydrate supply to the individual needs and by reducing the duration of hypoglycemia episodes. The clinical significance of the biological differences observed in our study need to be explored.</p></div

Daily carbohydrate supplies in IGM- and CGM-group.

<p>Results, expressed as mean ± SE, represent daily carbohydrate supplies during the first 4 days of life in IGM versus CGM-group (A), and in patients with (HYPO) versus without (NORMO) hypoglycemia in each group (B and C); *p<0.05.</p

Comparison between IGM- and CGM-group: number of heel pricks, number and duration of hypoglycemic episodes per patient.

<p>Number of heel pricks per patient for capillary blood glucose testing (A), number (B) and duration (C) of hypoglycemic episodes per patient. Results are expressed as mean ± SE (A and B) or as median, 25% and 75% percentiles (box) and extreme values (whisker) (C) *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.</p

Characteristics of the 48 very low birth weight newborns with intermittent (IGM) or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

<p>Results are expressed as number of patients (%) or median [min-max].</p><p>*p<0.05</p><p>Characteristics of the 48 very low birth weight newborns with intermittent (IGM) or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).</p

Musique et littérature

Musique, littérature, théâtre, opéra - loin de s’ignorer, ces domaines de l’activité artistique s’inspirent mutuellement, échangent et partagent des thèmes et des procédés. Plus qu’une simple référence, la citation - musicale en littérature, littéraire en musique - est un apport fécond. Venus des mythes, les dieux habitent le monde de l’opéra, le parlé devient chanté dans un même élan poétique et, suprême synesthésie, la musique est image. La question de ces relations complexes et incessantes est à l’origine des travaux interdisciplinaires réalisés lors d’une université d’été européenne baptisée « Rencontres Sainte Cécile », du nom de la sainte patronne des musiciens. Cette manifestation a été organisée à l’initiative d’Élisabeth Rallo Ditche et en collaboration avec Aude Locatelli et Éric Lecler, en lien avec le prestigieux Festival d’art lyrique d’Aix‑en‑Provence