Dynamic axial control over optically levitating particles in air with an electrically-tunable variable-focus lens

Efficient delivery of viruses, proteins and biological macromelecules into a micrometer-sized focal spot of an XFEL beam for coherent diffraction imaging inspired new development in touch-free particle injection methods in gaseous and vacuum environments. This paper lays out our ongoing effort in constructing an all-optical particle delivery approach that uses piconewton photophoretic and femtonewton light-pressure forces to control particle delivery into the XFEL beam. We combine a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an electrically tunable lens (ETL) to construct a variable-divergence vortex beam providing dynamic and stable positioning of levitated micrometer-size particles, under normal atmospheric pressure. A sensorless wavefront correction approach is used to reduce optical aberrations to generate a high quality vortex beam for particle manipulation. As a proof of concept, stable manipulation of optically-controlled axial motion of trapped particles is demonstrated with a response time of 100ms. In addition, modulation of trapping intensity provides a measure of the mass of a single, isolated particle. The driving signal of this oscillatory motion can potentially be phase-locked to an external timing signal enabling synchronization of particle delivery into the x-ray focus with XFEL pulse train.This work has been supported by the Australian Research Council under DP110100975. W. M. Lee acknowledges the support of Australian Research Council Early Career Researcher Award, DE160100843

A RARE CASE OF INVASIVE PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF BREAST

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare variety of carcinoma breast with a mere incidence of only 0.5% of all recently diagnosed cases of breast cancer. We present a case of 63 years old postmenopausal female who came to surgical outpatient department with complaints of a slowly increasing mass in the left breast of 1 month duration which was painless. A Left-sided modified radical mastectomy was performed with an absolutely normal post operative period. The final histopathology report was suggestive of invasive papillary carcinoma. We report this case as it is rarely diagnosed. KEYWORDS: Invasive papillary carcinoma; Modified radical mastectomy; Carcinoma breast

A RARE CASE OF INVASIVE PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF BREAST

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare variety of carcinoma breast with a mere incidence of only 0.5% of all recently diagnosed cases of breast cancer. We present a case of 63 years old postmenopausal female who came to surgical outpatient department with complaints of a slowly increasing mass in the left breast of 1 month duration which was painless. A Left-sided modified radical mastectomy was performed with an absolutely normal post operative period. The final histopathology report was suggestive of invasive papillary carcinoma. We report this case as it is rarely diagnosed. KEYWORDS: Invasive papillary carcinoma; Modified radical mastectomy; Carcinoma breast

Diffuse tubercular cerebellitis: Rare presentation of common infection

Tuberculous infection of neuroparenchyma is commonly manifested on magnetic resonance imaging as meningitis with basal exudates and associated complications. Involvement of supratentorial neuroparenchyma is far more common than infratentorial compartment. Variation in imaging finding of infratentorial tuberculous involvement is challenging for a radiologist

Study of central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care unit: a prospective observational study

Introduction: Central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) is a primary blood stream infection in a patient that had a central line within the 48-hour period before the development of bacteraemia and is not related to an infection at another site. It is often associated with serious infectious complications resulting in significant morbidity, increased duration of hospitalization and additional medical costs. Objective: We aimed to study the course of infection, microbiology of CLABSI, & to identify the degrees of severity of sepsis associated with CLABSI. Materials & Methods: Patients admitted in Intensive care units who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Various demographic, microbial and patients characteristics were noted along with outcome using a prestructured proforma. Results: We studied 58 patients in ICU in which males were common, Sepsis seen in 43% of patients, 37% had Staph. Aureus, and the mortality was 24.1%. Conclusion: CLABSI infection is best prevented rather than cured. It has mortality as high as 24.13%. It can manifest with varying degrees of severity of sepsis. Organ Dysfunction, multi organ involvement, TLC abnormalities, Oliguria, altered mental status, Hypotension are all markers of poor prognosis. More scientific data on the subject is required to formulate guidelines and protocols for prevention and treatment of CLABSI

Safety and Feasibility of Laparoscopic Surgeries during Covid-19 Pandemic- A Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND During the Covid19 pandemic, the potential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during surgeries, especially in laparoscopic surgeries, is a key concern. Surgical smoke released during laparoscopic surgeries may cause viral transmission. Therefore, the risk and benefits of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery needs to be carefully evaluated. For the safety of healthcare professionals are adapted from the previous pandemics/epidemics, the preventive measures especially applicable to laparoscopic surgeries include care during CO2 insufflation/desufflation, minimal use of energy sources, personal protection measures are recommended. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to review the contemporary literature pertaining to the risk of conducting laparoscopic surgeries during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, we summarize the relevant safety protocols for the patients, surgical team, anesthetists, and the operation room staff. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using the key words: Covid-19 laparoscopy, Surgical smoke, Covid safety in operation rooms, Laparoscopic surgeries and Covid safety, prevention, Aerosol transmission, Laparoscopic surgery, Covid-19’ Search articles were considered from the aims of the articles, nature, safety protocols, and risk mentioned in the literature. RESULTS Although the initial guidelines advocated by various organizations stated that Laparoscopy generally should not be used as it is considered to carry some risks of aerosol-type formation and infection and considerable caution is advised. Though some reports have suggested the use of Laparoscopy in selected cases where clinical benefit to the patient substantially exceeds the risk of potential viral transmission to the surgical team. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review of the current scientific knowledge, no scientific evidence was found to support the use of open surgery over laparoscopy to reduce viral transmission of COVID-19 if the advocated Covid-19 guidelines are followed strictly; however, there is still much to discover about the viral transmission. </sec

Relevance of single-nucleotide polymorphism to the expression of resistin gene affecting serum and gingival crevicular fluid resistin levels in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized control clinical trial

Aim: The present study is aimed to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of resistin gene (RETN) at −420 and +299 sites, is associated with resistin levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontally healthy, chronic periodontitis (CP) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: Serum and GCF samples were procured from all the 60 patients (twenty in each group) of the three study groups i.e., periodontally healthy (Group I), CP (Group II) and CP with T2DM patients (Group III) to analyze resistin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and at 3 months after scaling and root planing (SRP). RETN polymorphism at −420 and +299 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results: Patients with SNP −420 and +299 were positively correlated with increased serum and GCF resistin levels in Group II and Group III patients. SRP led to substantial reduction in the serum and GCF resistin levels. Conclusion: These findings are suggestive of a biologic link between resistin, periodontal diseases, and periodontal diseases with T2DM and RETN SNP at −420 and +299 in imparting increased resistin levels in inflammatory and diabetic conditions