Block-Parallel Programming for Real-time Embedded Applications

Embedded media applications have traditionally used custom ASICs to meet their real-time performance requirements. However, the combination of increasing chip design cost and availability of commodity many-core processors is making programmable devices increasingly attractive alternatives. Yet for these processors to be successful in this role, programming systems are needed that can automate the task of mapping the applications to the tens-to-hundreds of cores on current and future many-core processors, while simultaneously guaranteeing the real-time throughput constraints. This paper presents a block-parallel program description for embedded real-time media applications and automatic transformations including buffering and parallelization to ensure the program meets the throughput requirements. These transformations are enabled by starting with a high-level, yet intuitive, application description. The description builds on traditional stream programming structures by adding simple control and serialization constructs to enable a greater variety of applications. The result is an application description that provides a balance of flexibility and power to the programmer, while exposing the application structure to the compiler at a high enough level to enable useful transformations without heroic analysis.Efficient Low-power Microprocessor (ELM)UPMAR

Electroreduction of cefetamet on mercury platinum and gold electrodes

The electroreduction of cefetamet (CEF) using gold and platinum electrodes has been investigated in slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.40) where adsorption, previously observed at mercury electrode, was pronounced. This investigation was performed in order to determine whether the adsorption interfers with the reduction process even at solid electrodes and to compare with a mercury electrode

Electroreduction of cefetamet on mercury platinum and gold electrodes

The electroreduction of cefetamet (CEF) using gold and platinum electrodes has been investigated in slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.40) where adsorption, previously observed at mercury electrode, was pronounced. This investigation was performed in order to determine whether the adsorption interfers with the reduction process even at solid electrodes and to compare with a mercury electrode.</jats:p

The qualitative determination of oseltamivir phosphate in Tamiflu® capsule by cyclic voltammetry

A gold electrode was used in the voltammetric determination of oseltamivir phosphate standard in 0.05 M NaHCO3. Oseltamivir phosphate as a standard and as a component of Tamiflu® capsule exhibited the identical cyclic voltammogram. The peaks originating from excipients in the capsule did not appear under the applied electrochemical conditions. An electrochemical method for the qualitative determination of oseltamivir phosphate in Tamiflu® capsules by cyclic voltammetry was developed. The presence of oseltamivir phosphate as standard and as a content of Tamiflu® capsule in electrolyte as well as their concentrations were simultaneously checked by HPLC. The lack of the current/concentration dependency was established. The non-pretreated glassy carbon electrode cannot be used for the determination of oseltamivir phosphate under identical experimental conditions presented for the gold electrode.Aktuelna ispitivanja lekova zahtevaju razvoj brzih metoda za prepoznavanje standarda lekova u komercijalnim kapsulama i tabletama. U opsegu potencijala od -1,2 V kao i od -0,8 V do 1,0 V oseltamivir-fosfat kao standard i sastojak Tamiflu® kapsule podleže oksidativno-reduktivnoj reakciji između -0,5 i -0,7 V kao i anodnoj reakciji počevši od 0.4 V, sa platoom struja uočenih u celom opsegu potencijala formiranja oksida na elektrodi od zlata. Oseltamivir-fosfat kao standard i kao komponenta Tamiflu® kapsule snižava struje redukcije oksida na zlatu. Držanje potencijala na vrednostima pojave pikova ne utiče na promenu cikličnog voltamograma, tj. na navedene reakcije. Cikliziranje potencijala u toku više časova ne dovodi do promene cikličnog voltamograma u oba opsega potencijala. Ciklični voltamogram za koncentraciju oseltamivir-fosfata kao standarda i kao sastojka Tamiflu® kapsule od 0,025 mg cm-3 bio je identičan i po dodatku naredne dve koncentracije pa se na elektrodi od zlata ne može ispitivati i koncentraciona zavisnost u 0,05 M NaHCO3. Koncentracije leka u elektrolitu su potvrđene simultanom HPLC analizom prema aktuelnoj farmakopeji. Ekscipijenti prisutni u Tamiflu® kapsuli nisu ni na koji način uticali na ponašanje oseltamivir-fosfata kao standarda, tj. neaktivni su pod primenjenim eksperimentalnim uslovima. Elektroda od staklastog ugljenika je takođe testirana u oba opsega potencijala i pod identičnim eksperimentalnim uslovima je potpuno neaktivna, za razliku od elektrode od zlata, u prisustvu oseltamivir-fosfata kao standarda i kao sastojka Tamiflu® kapsule. Elektroda od zlata se u navedenim opsezima potencijala koristeći 0,05 M NaHCO3 kao elektrolit i pod navedenim elektrohemijskim uslovima može efikasno koristiti za kvalitativno određivanje oseltamivir-fosfata u Tamiflu kapsuli

A study of the electrochemical activity of some macrolide antibiotics on a gold electrode in a neutral electrolyte

The aim of the present study is to present the different reactivity of azithromycin and clarithromycin (pure and commercial) at a gold electrode in neutral electrolyte using cyclic linear sweep voltammetry under the same experimental conditions. A gold electrode was successfully used for the electrochemical qualitative and quantitative determination of azithromycin dihydrate and azithromycin from capsules (Hemomycin®) and for the separation of azithromycin from one of the excipients, lactose monohydrate. The good catalytically activity of the gold electrode was employed only for the qualitative electrochemical determination of pure clarithromycin by appearance of one cathodic and four anodic reactions, which enabled structural changes in this molecule during electrochemical reactions to be studied. Commercial clarithromycin, Clathrocyn® was qualitative determined by one reproducible anodic reaction. The activity of one of the excipients, Avicel, observed as a cathodic peak at different potential from the cathodic peak obtained with pure clarithromicin was used for the determination of its presence in Clathrocyn® tablets. FTIR Analysis showed the apparent changes in structure of pure clarithromycin, as well as in the molecule of clarithromycin in Clathrocyn® tablets. HPLC Analysis showed a significant decrease in the concentration of azithromycin, Hemomycin® clarithromycin and Clathrocyn® after the electrochemical reactions

The electro-oxidation of the mixture of formaldehyde and 2-propanol on gold (100) and (111) single crystal planes in alkaline medium

The effect of formaldehyde on the oxidation of 2-propanol and vice versa on gold single crystal planes (100 and 111) was studied. An activating effect in the reaction of the simultaneous oxidation of 2-propanol and formaldehyde was obtained on a gold (100) plane. In the case of a gold (111) electrode, the activation effect was not obtained. It was concluded that the adsorption of formaldehyde on the electrode surface prevents the adsorption of poisoning species formed during the electro-oxidation of 2-propanol on the Au(100) plane, while this is not the case on the Au(111) plane. The different behaviour is caused by the difference in the symmetry of the surface atoms of these two Au single-crystal planes