Numerical analysis of a variable camber rotor blade as a lift control device

A new rotor configuration called the variable camber rotor was numerically investigated as a lift control device. This rotor differs from a conventional (baseline) rotor only in the blade aft section. In this configuration, the aft section or flap is attached to the forward section by pin joint arrangement, and also connected to the rotor control system for the control of rotor thrust level and vectoring. Pilot action to the flap deflection controls rotor lift and tip path plane tilt. The drag due to flaps is presented and the theoretical result correlated with test data. The assessment of payoff for the variable camber rotor in comparison with conventional (baseline) rotor was examined in hover. The variable camber rotor is shown to increase hover power required by 1.35%, but such a minimal power penalty is not significant enough to be considered a negative result. In forward flight, the control needs of the variable camber rotor were evaluated

Valuasi Ekonomi Konversi Lahan Pertanian Di Kawasan Aerotropolis Kulon Progo

The construction of the Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency has various impacts, one of which is the growth of the aerotropolis area which causes changes in land use. The conversion of land use, causing any difference in economic valuation. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of agricultural land conversion through economic value of the Kulon Progo aerotropolis area, with case studies in Palihan, Sindutan, Jangkaran, Kebonrejo and Glagah village. This research uses a non-empirical study method while research approach uses a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The analysis used in the form of land use change by digitizing the image (CSTR) of land and geo-referencing overlay in ArcGis, as well as economic valuation analysis. The result shows that changes in economic value have decreased for the use of agricultural and pond fields, while for settlements, the economic value after the construction of YIA has increased

MOTIVASI BANTUAN RUSIA KEPADA FILIPINA TERKAIT KEBIJAKAN WAR ON DRUGS PADA MASA KEPEMIMPINAN RODRIGO DUTERTE TAHUN 2016-2017

Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai motivasi bantuan persenjataan Rusia kepada Filipina terkait kebijakan War on Drugs pada masa kepemimpinan Rodrigo Duterte guna mengetahui alasan Rusia memberikan bantuan tersebut. Penelitian iini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif analisis untuk menjelaskan motivasi Rusia tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep bantuan luar negeri oleh Sumner dan Mallet, serta konsep motivasi bantuan luar negeri yang dikembangkan oleh Fransisco Sagasti. Sumner dan Mallet mengatakan bahwa bantuan luar negeri itu terdapat dalam bentuk dana dan bantuan bukan dalam bentuk dana. Sementara itu, Sagasti menjelaskan bahwa motivasi bantuan luar negeri adalah, motivasi solidaritas internasional dan keagamaan, motivasi kepentingan nasional, dan motivasi menjaga stabilitas internasional. Melalui analisis peneliti terhadap identifikasi motivasi bantuan luar negeri Rusia kepada Filipina ini, penulis menemuan bahwa motivasi kepentingan nasional adalah motivasi yang paling dominan dan paling signifikan. Kepentingan nasional yang penulis temukan mencakup kepada kepentingan strategis dan keamanan, kepentingan politik, dan kepentingan ekonomi dan perdagangan. Kata kunci: Motivasi, Bantuan Luar Negeri, Rusia, Filipina, Rodrigo Duterte, Kepentingan Nasiona

Depression and Type 2 Diabetes: Dissecting the Causal Mechanisms

Depression and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are two prevalent and debilitating chronic conditions that often coexist and exhibit a bidirectional relationship. This review paper aims to dissect the causal mechanisms underlying the association between depression and T2D, shedding light on the complex interplay between these two disorders. Epidemiological evidence suggests a robust association between depression and an increased risk of developing T2D, as well as a reciprocal relationship where T2D serves as a risk factor for depression onset. Various biological, psychological, and behavioral mechanisms have been proposed to underlie this bidirectional relationship. Depression is thought to contribute to the development of T2D through dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways, increased inflammation, alterations in lifestyle behaviors, and poor treatment adherence. Conversely, T2D may exacerbate or precipitate depression through mechanisms involving insulin resistance, hyperglycemia-induced neuronal damage, inflammation, and the impact of chronic illness on psychological well-being. Shared pathophysiological mechanisms between depression and T2D, including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, insulin signaling pathways, and inflammatory processes, further contribute to their co-occurrence. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, social support, and access to healthcare also play significant roles in shaping the depression-T2D relationship. Integrated care models that address both physical and mental health needs, along with targeted interventions addressing lifestyle modifications and psychosocial support, are essential for managing these comorbid conditions effectively. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to elucidate temporal associations, intervention trials targeting shared mechanisms, and precision medicine approaches to identify subgroups at heightened risk. Understanding the causal mechanisms underlying the depression-T2D relationship is crucial for informing clinical practice, public health strategies, and the development of personalized interventions aimed at mitigating the burden of these interconnected disorders

Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) versus fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) in flexural strengthening of RC beams

The aim of this paper is to compare the flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). The investigated parameters included the strengthening material, namely TRM or FRP; the number of TRM/FRP layers; the textile surface condition (coated and uncoated); the textile fibre material (carbon, coated basalt or glass fibres); and the end-anchorage system of the external reinforcement. Thirteen RC beams were fabricated, strengthened and tested in four-point bending. One beam served as control specimen, seven beams strengthened with TRM, and five with FRP. It was mainly found that: (a) TRM was generally inferior to FRP in enhancing the flexural capacity of RC beams, with the effectiveness ratio between the two systems varying from 0.46 to 0.80, depending on the parameters examined, (b) by tripling the number of TRM layers (from one to three), the TRM versus FRP effectiveness ratio was almost doubled, (c) providing coating to the dry textile enhanced the TRM effectiveness and altered the failure mode; (d) different textile materials, having approximately same axial stiffness, resulted in different flexural capacity increases; and (e) providing end-anchorage had a limited effect on the performance of TRM-retrofitted beams. Finally, a simple formula proposed by fib Model Code 2010 for FRP reinforcement was used to predict the mean debonding stress developed in the TRM reinforcement. It was found that this formula is in a good agreement with the average stress calculated based on the experimental results when failure was similar to FRP-strengthened beams

Analisa Rasio Kemandirian Daerah dan Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah

This study aims to analyze the performance of local governments in all districts on the island of Sumatra for the 2015-2018 budget year. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia in the form of a Budget Realization Report for the 2015-2018 fiscal year. This study is a descriptive study using an analysis of regional independence ratios and financial ratios to assess the performance of local governments in all districts on the island of Sumatra. The results showed that, the development of the level of regional independence of all districts on the island of Sumatra during 2015-2018 was at a low point, namely with an average yield of only 25%, so for the development of the level of efficiency in the management of regional expenditures of all districts on the island of Sumatra, it can be said less efficient. And then for the development of the level of effectiveness of the management of Regional Original Income, it can be said to be effective, namely with an average yield of above 90%, while for the growth rate of Regional Original Income it is still in a fluctuating condition

pH and Vascular Tone

The mechanisms by which extracellular pH (pH0) and intracellular pH (pHi) affect vascular tone, and by which pHi itself is regulated in the vascular smooth muscle cells, have been investigated. The majority of experiments were carried out with isolated rabbit ears activated with 10 -6M noradrenaline and perfused at constant flow. Other preparations studied were perfused whole femoral beds of rabbits and frog whole body. The perfusing solutions were phosphate, Hepes or CO2 / HCO3- buffered Ringer's having Cl- as the bulk anion, and appropiately oxygenated. pHi was modified at constant pH0 using two different procedures, one was the application and withdrawal of CO2 and the other was the "NH4+ pulse" technique, which involved the application and washout of NH4+. The procedures which can be expected to lower pHi at constant pH0 both raised tone while the reverse steps reduced it. With every fluid used NH4+ application or lowering / withdrawal of CO2 dilated the vascular bed while NH4+ withdrawal or elevation / application of CO2 constricted it. The time courses of the changes in tone were reminiscent of pH responses to the above procedures, shown by intracellular pH electrode measurement in various cell types e. g. vas deferens (Aicken, 1984), squid giant axon (Thomas, 1974, '84) and pHi estimations by N. M. R. techniques with mixed arterial preparations (Dawson, Spurway and Wray, 1985) - in all these cases extracellular NH4+ transiently raises cytoplasmic pH while the subsequent washout carries it for a period below the control level. By contrast with the mammalian preparations NH4+ application actually vasoconstricted while its withdrawal vasodilated. The phenomena were investigated under varying ionic and external conditions and were compared under three pH0's: 6.7, 7.2, 7.7. There were no qualitative differences under all conditions though quantitatively there were variations. The results excluded all the explanations of the classical pH0 effect invoking direct H+ inhibition of intracellular events. Therefore displacement of Ca2+ by H+ from sequestering sites (S. R; mitochondria) other than the myofibrils themselves was proposed to account for these pHi effects observed. Some interventions, known to affect pHi homeostasis in other cells, were employed to establish possible mechanisms of pHi regulation. Replacement of all Cl- with PhSO3-, or H2PO4- with HCO3, and the application of S.I.T.S. or amiloride all retarded the adaptation of tone from NH4+ dilatation. Replacement of all NaO+ with Li+, choline, sucrose or K+, replacement of H2 PO4 with HCO3- and applications of S.I.T.S. , ouabain, amiloride and its derivatives all retarded to varying degrees the adaptation of tone from the washout constriction. Notably among the latter was the 10x greater potency of a claimed Na+ - H+ exchange inhibitor than of a claimed 2Na+ -Ca2+ inhibitor. Quantitative considerations such as this lead to the conclusion that Cl- -HCO3- exchange plays the major role in the elimination of alkaline load while excess H+i are eliminated mainly by a Na+-H+ exchange. Adaptation of tone from both dilatation and constriction is probably also influenced by changes of membrane potential and by the movements of other ions (Cl-, Ca2+, K+ and NH4+) which must occur in parallel with the changing rates of antiportation. It was incidentally noted that, while amiloride is vasodilatory, its derivatives may have either vasodilatory or vasoconstrictory effects on NA-activated vessels. The significance of the work for normal physiology is considered to be: (a) its refutation of proposals that dilatory effects of extracellular acidity are mediated by intracellular acidification. (b) its indication that changes of body fluid pH brought about by PCO2 variation are likely to produce tone responses smaller than -or even, at times, opposite to - the responses produced when pH0 is changed in identical amounts by variation of [HCO3-]0

Pemanfaatan Media Sosial untuk Quality Time Keluarga pada Pekerja Stayer dan Mover

Physical absence due to distance limits quality family time for workers due to job migration. Social media now has become a means of communication to maintain ties, form family identity, and replace physical presence. This research aims to test and prove the existence of differences between stayer and mover (circular) workers in utilizing social media for quality family time. This research uses quantitative methods, explanatory in nature, with comparative analysis. The survey method was used to collect data by filling out a questionnaire via Google Form. The sample was selected using convenience sampling from workers in a number of offices in the Jabodetabek area. Data processing was carried out using SPSS version 29 on 127 questionnaires filled in by respondents. The Mann-Whitney Test was used to determine differences in the use of social media by stayer and mover (circular) workers. The research results show that there are differences between stayer and mover (circular) workers in utilizing social media for family quality time, as measured by perceptions, attitudes, behavior and level of social media use. Behavioral variables have a moderate correlation to perception variables, and strong correlations to attitude variables. The variable level of social media use has a very weak correlation with the variables of perception, attitude and behavior. This proves that compared to stayer workers, mover (circular) workers use social media more to create quality family time and overcome physical absence. It is recommended that further research add qualitative methods (becoming mixed methods) so as to enrich and strengthen the data about the different reasons for using social media through in-depth interviews. Expanding the opulation, different research areas, and samples involving different community groups can be carried out to determine differences in the use of social media by other community groups.ABSTRAKKetidakhadiran fisik karena jarak membatasi quality time keluarga pada pekerja karena migrasi pekerjaan. Media sosial kini menjadi sarana komunikasi untuk menjaga ikatan, membentuk identitas keluarga, dan menggantikan kehadiran fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membuktikan adanya perbedaan antara pekerja stayer dan mover (sirkuler) dalam memanfaatkan media sosial untuk quality time keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, bersifat eksplanatif, dengan analisis komparatif. Metode survei dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data dengan mengisi kuesioner melalui Google Form. Sampel dipilih secara convenience sampling terhadap pekerja pada sejumlah kantor di wilayah Jabodetabek. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 29 atas 127 isian kuesioner oleh responden. Mann-Whitney Test digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemanfaatan media sosial oleh pekerja stayer dan mover (sirkuler). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara pekerja stayer dan mover (sirkuler) dalam memanfaatkan media sosial untuk quality time keluarga, yang diukur dari persepsi, sikap, perilaku, dan tingkat penggunaan media sosial. Variabel perilaku memiliki korelasi yang moderat terhadap variabel persepsi, serta kuat terhadap variabel sikap. Variabel tingkat penggunaan media sosial memiliki korelasi yang sangat lemah terhadap variabel persepsi, sikap, dan perilaku. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa dibanding pekerja stayer, pekerja mover (sirkuler) lebih banyak dalam menggunakan media sosial untuk menciptakan quality time keluarga dan mengatasi ketidakhadiran secara fisik. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menambahkan metode kualitatif (menjadi mixed method) sehingga memperkaya dan memperkuat data tentang perbedaan alasan penggunaan media sosial melalui wawancara mendalam. Perluasan populasi, wilayah penelitian yang berbeda, dan sampel yang melibatkan kelompok masyarakat yang berbeda dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan media sosial oleh kelompok masyarakat lainnya