LELEWANING BASA SAJRONING ANTOLOGI GEGURITAN SALAM SAPAN SAKAGUNUNG GAMPING ANGGITANENARYATA: Tintingan Stilistika

ABSTRAK      Geguritane Naryata karakit kanthi premati lan ngati-ati. Anggone ngracik ide, imajinasi lan anggone nulis kanthi basa kang endah, nuduhake yen tataran lan teknik nulis wis kecekel ing tangane. Geguritan-geguritane uga kebak tema sosial-masyarakat kang kebak dening pituduh lan gegambaran ngaurip. Nitik saka kahanan iku, panulis nduweni anggepan yen isi geguritane kasebut banget narik kawigaten kanggo ditliti lan dianalisis. Underaning panliten sajroning panliten iki yaiku : (1) Kepriye wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata? (2) Kepriye maknanetumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata? Tujuwaning panliten iki kanggo medharake reroncening tetembungan sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata kang ngandhut style lan njlentrehake makna apa wae kang bisa didudut saka geguritan-geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kanthi: (1) Ngandharake wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata; (2) Ngandharake maknane tumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata. Paedah ing panliten iki dikarepake bisa aweh sumbangan tumrap pangrembakane jagading sastra, babagan kritik sastra, mligine sastra kang awujud fiksi, lan bisaa nambahi seserepan saka panliten sadurunge utamane kang nggunakake tintingan kang sairib karo panliten iki. Uga asil panliten iki dikarepake bisa dadi salahsawijine referensi sastra, amarga salahsawijine jinis utawa genre karya sastra kang awujud geguritan iki mujudake geguritan basa Jawa kang bisa digunakake dadi piranti kanggo nguri-uri sastra Jawa lan dikarepake bisa nepungake bebrayan agung marang anane sastra Jawa. Kagiyatan panliten iki nggunakake rancangan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Panliten iki nduweni obyek sepuluh geguritane Naryata kang kaimpun sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping Lamongan kanthi pendekatanstilistika. Data ing panliten iki dikumpulake kanthi cara teknik wacan, nyathet lan metode kapustakan. Ing babagan tatacara pangolahing data, panliten iki nggunakake pendekatanstilistika. Asil panliten iki nuduhake yen lelewaning basakang onja lan katon digunakake sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kang nggunakake basa kias kaperang dadi 14 ing antarane, yaiku: (1) Klimaks, (2) Asidenton, (3) Polisidenton, (4) Metonimia, (5) Anafora, (6) Pleonasme, (7) Repetisi, (8) Retoris, (9) Sinekdoke, (10) Alegori, (11) Alusio, (12) Metafora, (13) Personifikasi, lan (14) Hiperbola. Dene lelewaning basa purwakanthikaperang dadi: (1) Purwakanthi Guru Sastra, (2) Purwakanthi Guru Swara. Makna kang kasil kadudut saka geguritan anggitane Naryata ing antarane ngenani urip sabendina, sejatining urip lumrah manungsa, katresnan kang sejati, lan apa wae kang samestine kudu dilakoni dening manungsa ing jaman modern iki. Kuncine tembung : geguritan, stilistika, Lelewaning Basa&nbsp

A Critical Assessment of Poverty Reducing Employment Strategies for Africa

This paper critically assessed some employment poverty reducing strategies put in place in Africa. From the assessment, it was realized that the strategies did not adequately contribute to generate decent and well remunerating jobs that could substantially curb poverty. As a result of this limited success of the strategies was partly attributed to limited public investments, inadequate planning and execution of development projects, dreadful mismanagement and poor allocation of resources, etc. Consequently, Africa habours about half of the world’s poor, vulnerable and underprivileged population. Thus, in an effort to reverse the situation, it is recommended that African countries should: provide professional and scientific training and education which is relevant to the needs of their economies; put in place a range of incentives which would attract foreign investments that will transform their primary and agricultural products locally; promote the intensive use of labour in implementing sustainable projects; and increase their investment in Science, Technology and Innovation. Keywords: Employment; Decent Jobs; Strategies; Poverty Alleviation; African Economies DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-3-01 Publication date: February 28th 202

Challenges of Mother-Tongue Education in IsiZulu: A Case Study of Selected Schools in the uThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal

The post-apartheid language policy of South Africa grants every child the right to study in their mother tongue. Despite this provision, mother-tongue education in indigenous languages has only been implemented in some schools in the country, and this has also been limited to the first three grades of primary education. While research has highlighted the challenges of mother-tongue education in South Africa, little attention has been given to the educators’ perceptions on the subject. It is for this reason that this study sought to investigate educators’ perspectives on the challenges of mother-tongue education in uThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal. Using Biesta and Tedder’s ecological agency as a theoretical lens, the study adopted a multiple-case study research design to collect data from 30 educators in five schools using questionnaires. The results revealed that the implementation of mother-tongue instruction in uThungulu District was fraught with challenges such as ill-adapted terminology for mother-tongue teaching, negative attitudes from the community, lack of training for teaching in the mother tongue and lack of resources. The study is significant in shedding light on the role that educators as agents of the system can play in bringing about the successful implementation of mother-tongue education in South Africa

The Role of Scientific Research in the Policy-Making Process in African Economies

The central argument of this paper is that it is the responsibility of university and research institutions to undertake objective scientific research which can serve as the basis of formulating sound and sustainable socio-economic development policies in African countries. Unfortunately, scientific research as a tool of government policy has not been given adequate attention by policy-makers in many African Countries. In fact, the relationship between policy-makers and university / research and training institutions in the continent has not been very encouraging, particularly in those countries which have not established formal national structures for interface and dialogue. Thus, for scientific research findings to have the desirable impact on the policy-making process and the socio-economic development in Africa, it is recommended among other things that: first, African governments should provide adequate funding and infrastructure for research; second, African universities and research institutions should aim at excellence by improving upon the quality of their scientific research, and properly address their research endeavours to the contemporary issues, challenges, and problems of national development; third,  an interface to promote collaboration and cooperation, build trust and confidence, and promote dialogue between policy-makers, university research and training institution backed by appropriate, adequate and broad database should be put in place. Keywords: Scientific Research; Policy-Making; Policy-Makers; University; Research Institutions, Interface; Africa DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-5-07 Publication date:May 31st 202

A Critical Assessment of Macro-Economic, Management and Policy Reforms in Africa

The paper assesses the macro-economic, management, and policy reforms implemented in Africa with the assistance of the Bretton Woods institutions. There is no doubt that they have, to some extent, improved the socio-economic development of African countries. However, they did not take into account the social dimension of their economies (health, education, poverty, employment, etc.). Thus, they were regarded not to have a human face. Therefore, redressing and adjusting African economies with the help of the Bretton Woods institutions are inadequate to propel the continent to higher and sustainable economic growth rates. Hence, African countries should elaborate and implement themselves policies, reforms, and programs adapted to their economies and development needs. Keywords: Macro-Economic, Management, Policy Reforms, CEMAC, Africa DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-9-10 Publication date:March 31st 2020

Assessing community involvement in the design, implementation and monitoring of REDD+ projects: a case study of Mount Cameroon National Park - Cameroon.

The success of Reduced Emission from Deforestation and land Degradation, forest conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+), depends on effective participation of local communities because ultimately they are the ones to implement REDD+ on the ground and are the potential benefactors of such policy. But few studies have examined community involvement in the design, implementation and monitoring of REDD+ projects. This study critically examines the level of community’s engagement in the Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP) conservation project. Cluster multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from 259 respondents from four geographical clusters with cultural and livelihood differences. Quantitative data were analysed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, t-test, ANOVA and linear-regression models to understand the contribution of predictors on independent variables, while Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests compare results and establish trends between different clusters respectively. Qualitative data were coded and thematically analysed to show different perceptions between different levels of stakeholders. Results show that insecure tenure, ineffective and inappropriate communication between park managers and communities, inadequate benefit-sharing mechanism, and top-down government strategies have impeded community's engagement in the REDD+ projects within all clusters. Communities perceive REDD+ as having the potential to conserve forest, generate income and improve livelihoods. However, the present level of local engagement in the MCNP conservation project makes the attainment of these goals difficult. REDD+ should be based on effective participatory bottom-up approaches that empower and allow more decision-making powers to communities to achieve effectiveness and potential co-benefit expectations of REDD+. Assessing community’s engagement as the project progresses should be embedded within strategies to ensure sustainability in REDD+. This study provides practical insights into the effective co-management of MCNP-REDD+ projects and recommends adaptable management strategies that favour appropriate social-safeguard standards for sustainability of any REDD+ projects

The Significance of Foreign Direct Investment to the Economic Development of Sub Saharan Economies

This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the economic development of forty three (43) countries in Sub Saharan Africa. The Auto Regressive Vector (VAR) model was employed to effectuate econometric estimations, using annual data obtained from the database of the World Bank: World Development Indicators-WDI, 2018 for the period spanning from 1997 to 2017. The findings show that FDI has a negligible impact on the economic development of the countries studied; whereas economic development has a positive and strong impact on FDI. It is therefore recommended that: first African countries should develop value chains and attract FDI geared towards the transformation of their natural resources; and second they should improve pro-industry elements like adequate electricity supply, good transportation network, reduce corruption, and boost technological development to harness and accelerate their economic transformation. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Development, Sub Saharan Economie

LELEWANING BASA SAJRONING ANTOLOGI GEGURITAN SALAM SAPAN SAKAGUNUNG GAMPING ANGGITANENARYATA: Tintingan Stilistika

ABSTRAK      Geguritane Naryata karakit kanthi premati lan ngati-ati. Anggone ngracik ide, imajinasi lan anggone nulis kanthi basa kang endah, nuduhake yen tataran lan teknik nulis wis kecekel ing tangane. Geguritan-geguritane uga kebak tema sosial-masyarakat kang kebak dening pituduh lan gegambaran ngaurip. Nitik saka kahanan iku, panulis nduweni anggepan yen isi geguritane kasebut banget narik kawigaten kanggo ditliti lan dianalisis. Underaning panliten sajroning panliten iki yaiku : (1) Kepriye wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata? (2) Kepriye maknanetumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata? Tujuwaning panliten iki kanggo medharake reroncening tetembungan sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata kang ngandhut style lan njlentrehake makna apa wae kang bisa didudut saka geguritan-geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kanthi: (1) Ngandharake wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata; (2) Ngandharake maknane tumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata. Paedah ing panliten iki dikarepake bisa aweh sumbangan tumrap pangrembakane jagading sastra, babagan kritik sastra, mligine sastra kang awujud fiksi, lan bisaa nambahi seserepan saka panliten sadurunge utamane kang nggunakake tintingan kang sairib karo panliten iki. Uga asil panliten iki dikarepake bisa dadi salahsawijine referensi sastra, amarga salahsawijine jinis utawa genre karya sastra kang awujud geguritan iki mujudake geguritan basa Jawa kang bisa digunakake dadi piranti kanggo nguri-uri sastra Jawa lan dikarepake bisa nepungake bebrayan agung marang anane sastra Jawa. Kagiyatan panliten iki nggunakake rancangan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Panliten iki nduweni obyek sepuluh geguritane Naryata kang kaimpun sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping Lamongan kanthi pendekatanstilistika. Data ing panliten iki dikumpulake kanthi cara teknik wacan, nyathet lan metode kapustakan. Ing babagan tatacara pangolahing data, panliten iki nggunakake pendekatanstilistika. Asil panliten iki nuduhake yen lelewaning basakang onja lan katon digunakake sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kang nggunakake basa kias kaperang dadi 14 ing antarane, yaiku: (1) Klimaks, (2) Asidenton, (3) Polisidenton, (4) Metonimia, (5) Anafora, (6) Pleonasme, (7) Repetisi, (8) Retoris, (9) Sinekdoke, (10) Alegori, (11) Alusio, (12) Metafora, (13) Personifikasi, lan (14) Hiperbola. Dene lelewaning basa purwakanthikaperang dadi: (1) Purwakanthi Guru Sastra, (2) Purwakanthi Guru Swara. Makna kang kasil kadudut saka geguritan anggitane Naryata ing antarane ngenani urip sabendina, sejatining urip lumrah manungsa, katresnan kang sejati, lan apa wae kang samestine kudu dilakoni dening manungsa ing jaman modern iki. Kuncine tembung : geguritan, stilistika, Lelewaning Basa&nbsp

PENGARUH DISKON HARGA, GRATIS ONGKIR DAN VIRAL MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI ONLINE SHOP (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS TRIBHUWANA TUNGGADEWI MALANG)

The rapid development of technology has changed the way people live, as well as the lives of students. Online shop is one of the platforms to make it easier for consumers to shop 24 hours a day without having to face to face. Online stores implement several price discount strategies, free shipping to attract consumers. The purpose of this research is to understand how price discounts, free shipping, and viral marketing affect students' decisions to buy in online stores. The method used was quantitative with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The total population in this study is 1484 students. To collect researchers, use a questionnaire distributed online through a google form in the Student Association group on the whatshapp application. 153 people were the researcher's sample for this study. According to the findings of the t-test study, the price discount variable has a significant value 0,003 0,05 and calculation values 3,004 t-table 1,97601. This shows that students' decision to buy from online retailers is somewhat influenced by the variable of price discounts. With t-count value 0,702 t-table 1,97601 and significant value 0,484 0,05, The free delivery variable has no influence on students' decision to buy at online retailers. With a value of sig. 0,000 0,05, and t-count 4,156 t-table 1,97601, Viral marketing variables are known to have an influence on students' online shopping decisions. Meanwhile, simultaneously the variables of discounts, free shipping and viral marketing have an effect on students' purchase decisions in online stores and the value of f-calculation 19,404 f table 2,67 and niliai significance of 0,000 0,05