Fast methods to compute the Riemann zeta function

The Riemann zeta function on the critical line can be computed using a straightforward application of the Riemann-Siegel formula, Sch\"onhage's method, or Heath-Brown's method. The complexities of these methods have exponents 1/2, 3/8 (=0.375), and 1/3 respectively. In this paper, three new fast and potentially practical methods to compute zeta are presented. One method is very simple. Its complexity has exponent 2/5. A second method relies on this author's algorithm to compute quadratic exponential sums. Its complexity has exponent 1/3. The third method employs an algorithm, developed in this paper, to compute cubic exponential sums. Its complexity has exponent 4/13 (approximately, 0.307).Comment: Presentation simplifie

On HQET and NRQCD Operators of Dimension 8 and Above

Effective field theories such as Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) and Non Relativistic Quantum Chromo-(Electro-) dynamics NRQCD (NRQED) are indispensable tools in controlling the effects of the strong interaction. The increasing experimental precision requires the knowledge of higher dimensional operators. We present a general method that allows for an easy construction of HQET or NRQCD (NRQED) operators that contain two heavy quark or non-relativistic fields and any number of covariant derivatives. As an application of our method, we list these terms in the $1/M^4$ NRQCD Lagrangian, where $M$ is the mass of of the spin-half field.Comment: 28 pages, footnote added, journal versio

Fabrication of living soft matter by symbiotic growth of unicellular microorganisms

We report the fabrication of living soft matter made as a result of the symbiotic relationship of two unicellular microorganisms. The material is composed of bacterial cellulose produced in situ by acetobacter (Acetobacter aceti NCIMB 8132) in the presence of photosynthetic microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc-124), which integrates into a symbiotic consortium and gets embedded in the produced cellulose composite. The same concept of growing living materials can be applied to other symbiotic microorganism pairs similar to the combination of algae and fungi in lichens, which is widespread in Nature. We demonstrate the in situ growth and immobilisation of the C. reinhardtii cells in the bacterial cellulose matrix produced by the simultaneous growth of acetobacter. The effect of the growth media composition on the produced living materials was investigated. The microstructure and the morphology of the produced living biomaterials were dependent on the shape of the growth culture container and media stirring conditions, which control the access to oxygen. As the photosynthetic C. reinhardtii cells remain viable and produce oxygen as they spontaneously integrate into the matrix of the bacterial cellulose generated by the acetobacter, such living materials have the potential for various applications in bio-hydrogen generation from the immobilised microalgae. The proposed approach for building living soft matter can provide new ways of immobilising other commercially important microorganisms in a bacterial cellulose matrix as a result of symbiosis with acetobacter without the use of synthetic binding agents and in turn increase their production efficiency

A new splitting-based displacement prediction approach for location-based services

In location-based services (LBSs), the service is provided based on the users' locations through location determination and mobility realization. Several location prediction models have been proposed to enhance and increase the relevance of the information retrieved by users of mobile information systems, but none of them studied the relationship between accuracy rate of prediction and the performance of the model in terms of consuming resources and constraints of mobile devices. Most of the current location prediction research is focused on generalized location models, where the geographic extent is divided into regular-shape cells. These models are not suitable for certain LBSs where the objectives are to compute and present on-road services. One such technique is the Prediction Location Model (PLM), which deals with inner cell structure. The PLM technique suffers from memory usage and poor accuracy. The main goal of this paper is to propose a new path prediction technique for Location-Based Services. The new approach is competitive and more efficient compared to PLM regarding measurements such as accuracy rate of location prediction and memory usage

Exploration Robot Controlled by an Android Application

Exploration Robot Controlled by an Android Application (ERCAA), University of Palestine Faculty of Information TechnologyIn recent years, with the pace of technological development, people have become more and more demanding in terms of quality of life. At the same time, there is an increasing need for bringing and merging new ideas of technology to create new products. That need is stemming out of the big curiosity of people to try new technologies that helps and entertain them in their daily life. A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. We have designed ROBOT which can be controlled using an APP of android mobile. This Robot is provided with Camera on it to empowers user to explore. We have developed the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion and the Camera View with them. And in which we use Wi-Fi communication to interface controller and android. Controller can be interfaced to the Wi-Fi module. According to commands received from android the robot motion can be controlled. Robot can be reprogrammable and tooling can be interchanged to provide for multiple applications according to the Arduino Chip we use. We have used the Android, C, HTML Programming Languages to develop each of the Application and the Hardware components and electronic Chips. Following, is the test analysis section, which discusses whether the proposed system met its objectives. Performance is also evaluated near the end of the paper along with possible extensions of the system

Gender, Literacy, and Elementary School Students with Reading Centers

Reading centers are an important and active part of most elementary classrooms As a teacher of young children in Saudi Arabia I observed that there were times when students did not benefit from their literacy experiences and at other times there was a good deal of activity around their experiences in the reading centers I had developed for them As a result of this experience in my own classroom I have continued to have great interest in the role of reading centers for young children s learning This study is focused on the literacy activities in the reading centers in the elementary classroom Specifically it is focused on exploring the differences between boys and girls as they participate in reading centers in their classroom There are differences between boys and girls reading interests that have been documented in the research This study seeks to examine these differences in one elementary second grade classroo

Location prediction based on a sector snapshot for location-based services

In location-based services (LBSs), the service is provided based on the users' locations through location determination and mobility realization. Most of the current location prediction research is focused on generalized location models, where the geographic extent is divided into regular-shaped cells. These models are not suitable for certain LBSs where the objectives are to compute and present on-road services. Such techniques are the new Markov-based mobility prediction (NMMP) and prediction location model (PLM) that deal with inner cell structure and different levels of prediction, respectively. The NMMP and PLM techniques suffer from complex computation, accuracy rate regression, and insufficient accuracy. In this paper, a novel cell splitting algorithm is proposed. Also, a new prediction technique is introduced. The cell splitting is universal so it can be applied to all types of cells. Meanwhile, this algorithm is implemented to the Micro cell in parallel with the new prediction technique. The prediction technique, compared with two classic prediction techniques and the experimental results, show the effectiveness and robustness of the new splitting algorithm and prediction technique

Studies on the pharmacogenetic aspects of bronchogenic carcinoma

Bronchial carcinoma is not an inevitable consequence of smoking cigarettes. This thesis seeks to determine whether any one or more of the well established oxidative polymorphisms might directly control the biological response to cigarette smoking and/or environmental agents. 1. In the first part of the study, two groups (I and II) of European Caucasian patients were investigated with debrisoquine. Patients with lung cancer (n=245) and controls with airflow limitation (n=234) were similar in age (66.5 ± 7.4 (mean ± SD) and 67.2 ± 3.2 respectively), sex ratio ((M/F) 1.82, 1.89) and smoking history (60.3 ± 24.0 (mean ± SD), 59.4 + 21.1 pack year). Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation showed major differences between lung cancer and control series. The metabolic ratios (MR) for smoking controls included 21 recessives and were distributed across the full range of values. On the other hand, the metabolic ratios for cancer patients contained only 4 recessives and were aggregated towards the left end of the spectrum of metabolic ratios. The relative risk for lung cancer for the extensive metabolisers of debrisoquine (MR0.10). 3. A third study was undertaken to investigate the hepatic oxidation rates in lung cancer patients (n=30) and controls (n=29) as measured by antipyrine metabolism and to investigate the ability to metabolise both debrisoquine and antipyrine in both groups. The antipyrine clearance was almost identical in the two groups with mean ± SD 2.9 ± 0.46 L/h, 3.0 ± 0.5 in cases and controls respectively. The results also showed that there is no difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine between both extensive and poor metabolisers for debrisoquine hydroxylation. 4. The results of this thesis suggest a) that cigarette smokers who arc extensive metabolisers of debrisoquine are at an elevated risk of developing lung cancer, b) additive risk between the ability to extensively metabolise debrisoquine and occupational exposure to lung carcinogens in male smokers, c) the metabolic oxidation phenotypes may serve with other genetic markers for assessing susceptibility to lung cancer. 5. An agenda for subsequent investigations is proposed