Immunostimulatory effects of dietary poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in European sea bass post-larvae

The stable production of high quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In the present study, the effect of feeding PHB-enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) post-larvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28 days old sea bass larvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress-response was measured. While the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed larvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies

Barrio el Jazmín, redes sociales, comunicación, participación y Comunidad

Este documento da cuenta de la investigación acción de tipo sociopráxico, realizada con la Junta de Acción Comunal del Barrio El Jazmín, investigación que se desarrolló en el marco del Diplomado en Construcción de Redes Sociales de Comunicación, como opción de trabajo de grado para optar al título de comunicadora social de la UNAD. La investigación permitió conocer las diferentes dinámicas comunicacionales tanto internas como externas de la Junta de Acción Comunal, estas dinámicas son las propias de las organizaciones sociales participativas (OSP), las cuales buscan integrar a todos sus miembros, pero que muchas veces se apoyan principalmente en esfuerzos individuales, que podrían ser mucho más aprovechados si incluyen una estrategia de comunicación participativa que se enfoque en propiciar la contribución y cooperación de muchos más miembros de la organización, lo cual fortalecerá a la organización y asegurará un mayor éxito en su labor y proyectos.This document gives an account of the sociopraxic action research, carried out with the Junta Community Action of the El Jazmín Neighborhood, an investigation that was developed within the framework of the Diploma in Construction of Social Communication Networks, as a work option for degree to apply for the title of social communicator at UNAD. The investigation allowed to know the different internal and external communication dynamics of the Action Board Communal, these dynamics are those of participatory social organizations (OSP), which seek to integrate all its members, but which many times rely mainly on individual efforts, which could be much more profitable if they include a strategy of participatory communication that focuses on fostering the contribution and cooperation of many more members of the organization, which will strengthen the organization and ensure greater success in their work and projects

PLAN DE DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIÓN PARA EL SECTOR TERCIARIO DEDICADO A EL TRANSPORTE DE CARGA TERRESTRE TERNA 55

Implementación del sistema integrado de gestión para el sector terciario de transporte de hidrocarburo vía terrestre. La empresa objeto de estudio es una organización creada para ofrecer soluciones en logística de transporte de carga terrestre, y trabaja con empresas que hacen parte de la economía colombiana, con un servicio especial para el sector de hidrocarburos, en carga seca y carga liquida.Implementation of the integrated management system for the tertiary sector of hydrocarbon transport by land. The company under study is an organization created to offer solutions in land freight transport logistics, and works with companies that are part of the Colombian economy, with a special service for the hydrocarbon sector, in cargo dry and liquid loa

El rol de la mujer víctima del conflicto armado en la dinámica de construcción de tejido social resiliente, después de la masacre en la vereda Alaska del municipio de Guadalajara de Buga, entre los años 2001 y 2023

ilustraciones, gráficos, tablasEn el siguiente trabajo se abordó la temática sobre tejido social resiliente dentro del conflicto armado en la vereda Alaska, ubicada en la ciudad de Guadalajara de Buga, ya que este territorio sufrió una de las peores masacres del Valle del Cauca, esta investigación se centró en conocer y relatar esas historias de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado. Se estableció como objetivo general comprender el rol de la mujer víctima del conflicto y para esto se desarrollaron tres objetivos específicos, contextualizar el proceso del conflicto armado, caracterizar a las mujeres víctimas de la masacre y así lograr comprender cuál es el rol que tiene en ese proceso de construcción de tejido social resiliente. Durante este trabajo se tomó elementos teóricos que retomaron situaciones de violencia en Colombia que ayudó a entender la confrontación existente entre grupos armados, que han desatado por años una ola de muertes a causa de actos violentos como las masacres que se realizaron en diferentes zonas del Valle del Cauca. Se utilizó como instrumentos de recolección de información la revisión documental, entrevistas y cuestionarios por lo tanto este trabajo tiene un enfoque cualitativo permeado por la metodología biográfica narrativa.Resumen / Introducción / 1. Marco teórico / 1.1 Conflicto armado / 1.2 El conflicto armado como estrategia de poder / 1.3 Masacres / 1.4 La mujer víctima del conflicto armado / 1.4.1 La mujer después de la masacre / 1.5 Tejido social / 1.5.1Cambio de vida, transformación de la cotidianidad / 1.5.1 Restructuración del núcleo familiar / 1.6 Resiliencia / 2 Metodología / 2.1 Enfoque / 2.2 Método y alcance / 2.3 Instrumentos de recolección de información / 2.3.1 Entrevista semiestructurada / 2.3.2 Revisión documental / 2.3.3 Cuestionario / 2.4 Población / 2.5 Muestra / 2.6 Fases de la investigación / 2.7 Técnica para procesar la información / 3 Resultados / 3.1 Análisis y discusión de los resultados / 3.1.1 Contextualización del conflicto armado / 3.1.2 Caracterización de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado / 3.1.3 Relación de la mujer víctima de la masacre con la construcción del tejido social resiliente / 4 Conclusiones / 5 Recomendaciones / ReferenciasLicenciado (a) en Ciencias SocialesPregradoThe following work addresses the issue of resilient social fabric within the armed conflict in the Alaska village, located in the city of Guadalajara de Buga, since this territory suffered one of the worst massacres in Valle del Cauca. This research is focused on known and tell those stories of women victims of the armed conflict. For the development of this work, the general objective was established to understand the role of the female victim of the conflict and for this three specific objectives were established, which is to contextualize the process of the armed conflict, characterize the female victims of the massacre and thus achieve an understanding of which It is the role it has in this process of building a resilient social fabric. During this work, theoretical elements were taken that return to situations of violence in Colombia that will help understand the existing confrontation between armed groups, which have unleashed for years a wave of deaths due to violent acts such as the massacres that took place in different areas of the Valley of Cauca documentary review, interviews and questionnaires were used as information collection instruments, therefore this work has a qualitative approach permeated by narrative biographical methodology

Fertilización foliar con calcio y su efecto sobre calidad y vida útil en frutos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.)

Calcium is the third most crucial nutrient for andean blackberry; however, its absorption is limited in acid soils, and its low mobility in the plant decreases its effects on fruits. Therefore, the effect of foliar fertilizers with calcium on andean blackberry fruits was estimated. In three locations, experiments were established with five calcium sources (Ca chelate, CaB nitrate, Ca oxide, CaB and CaBZn gluconate) and a control without calcium, applied in three phenological stages and recording: weight, diameters, firmness, color, juice, pulp, pH, soluble solids, acidity, dehydration, and damage. Soil and tissue analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the plant's nutritional conditions and its fertilization response. For the statistical analysis were used mixed models, tests of means, and principal components. Foliar fertilization with chelate, nitrate, and calcium oxide in andean blackberry crops with thorns, in production, with pruning management, and in the phenological stages of flower bud, fruit set, and red fruit, is a viable alternative to improve firmness, weight, and diameter of the fruits. In contrast, the chemical and color parameters in andean blackberry fruits depend on the edaphoclimatic conditions of each zone. This fertilization should be considered as a complement in soils without acidity problems and with balanced cationic saturations.El calcio es el tercer nutriente más importante para la mora; sin embargo, su absorción se ve limitada en suelos ácidos y su baja movilidad en planta disminuye su efecto en frutos. Por tanto, se estimó el efecto de fertilizantes foliares con calcio en frutos de mora. En tres localidades, se establecieron experimentos con cinco recursos de Ca (quelato de Ca, nitrato de CaB, óxido de Ca, KCaB y gluconato de CaBZn) y un control sin calcio, aplicados en tres etapas fenológicas y registrándose: peso, diámetros, firmeza, color, jugo, pulpa, pH, sólidos solubles, acidez, deshidratación y daños. Se realizó análisis de suelo y tejido, para identificar la relación entre las condiciones nutricionales de la planta y su respuesta a la fertilización. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron modelos mixtos, pruebas de medias y componentes principales. La fertilización foliar con quelato, nitrato y óxido de calcio en cultivos de mora andina con espinas, en producción, con manejo de podas y en las etapas fenológicas de botón floral, cuajado y fruto rojo, es una alternativa viable para mejorar la firmeza, peso y diámetro de los frutos. En contraste, los parámetros químicos y de color en frutos de mora andina dependen de las condiciones edafoclimáticas propias de cada zona. Esta fertilización, se debe considerar como complemento en suelos sin problemas de acidez y con saturaciones catiónicas equilibradas

Effect of Acute Ingestion of Green Tea Extract and Lemon Juice on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Pigs Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Green tea and its catechins have been shown to ameliorate high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. However, low bioavailability of catechins limits their therapeutic potential. Lemon juice (LJ) has been suggested to enhance the bioavailability of catechins in vitro. This study investigated the antioxidative and hypolipidemic efficacy of a single dose of green tea extract (GTE) or GTE plus LJ (GTE + LJ) in high-fat diet fed pigs. Sixteen pigs ingested a single dose of GTE (190 mg/kg/day) or GTE + LJ (0.75 mL/kg/day) mixed with low-fat (LF; 5% fat) or high-fat (HF; 22% fat) diets and blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma catechin level peaked at two hours, and gradually returned to baseline after six hours following the intake. The addition of LJ significantly increased plasma catechin level. The diet containing GTE did not lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, or malondialdehyde concentration in 24 h in HF-fed pigs. Addition of a single dose of LJ, however, significantly decreased plasma TG level in LF groups but did not cause further changes on any other markers compared to the GTE alone. Our findings indicate limited effect of a single meal containing GTE on plasma antioxidant enzymes, lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation in pigs and no significant synergistic/additive action of adding LJ to GTE within 24 h in pigs. A study with a longer treatment period is warranted to further understand the potential role of GTE in reducing HF diet-induced oxidative stress and the possible synergistic role of LJ

Criterios de implementación ISO 14001:2015 sector productivo prestación servicio público domiciliario de aseo; recolección, transporte, tratamiento y disposición final de residuos sólidos.

La norma ISO 14001:2015 es una herramienta de gran ayuda al momento de sistematizar la gestión ambiental en todos los procesos de una empresa. Tras realizar un estudio a la norma, se decide realizar una valoración de la situación ambiental de una empresa ubicada en el municipio de Sibundoy Putumayo, la cual presta el servicio del manejo integral de residuos sólidos tanto orgánicos, inorgánicos y sanitarios, ejecutando actividades de Recolección, transporte, tratamiento a los residuos orgánicos, aprovechamiento de algunos residuos inorgánicos y disposición final de residuos no recuperables, así también el aseo mediante barrido, poda de árboles y áreas verdes. La empresa tiene como visión postularse como líder a nivel regional en productos y servicios ligados a la gestión integral de residuos sólidos, en cuanto a su misión pretende construir un ambiente sano y saludable para la población y el medioambiente, acatándose a lo estipulado en la ley 142 DE 1994, donde se establece que estas empresas prestadoras de servicios de aseo deben obtener permisos ambientales y cumplir la normatividad ambiental vigente. Es así como en esta investigación se pretende realizar un acercamiento a la aplicación de un plan de gestión ambiental a la empresa de servicios públicos domiciliarios de aseo, poniendo en práctica la norma ISO 14001:2015 aplicando los requisitos a la empresa, y cada uno de los lineamientos que establece la norma, con el fin de identificar cada una de las responsabilidades ambientales que tiene la empresa de manera estructurada hacia la protección del medio ambiente.The ISO 14001: 2015 standard is a very helpful tool when systematizing environmental management in all processes of a company. After conducting a study of the standard, it is decided to carry out an assessment of the environmental situation of a company located in the municipality of Sibundoy Putumayo, which provides the service of integral management of organic, inorganic and sanitary solid waste, executing Collection activities , transportation, treatment of organic waste, use of some inorganic waste and final disposal of non-recoverable waste, as well as cleaning by sweeping, pruning trees and green areas. The vision of the company is to become a regional leader in products and services related to the integral management of solid waste, as regards its mission, it aims to build a healthy and healthy environment for the population and the environment, complying with the provisions of the law. 142 OF 1994, which establishes that these cleaning service providers must obtain environmental permits and comply with current environmental regulations. This is how this research aims to make an approach to the application of an environmental management plan to the household public cleaning services company, putting into practice the ISO 14001: 2015 standard applying the requirements to the company, and each of the guidelines established by the standard, in order to identify each of the environmental responsibilities that the company has in a structured way towards the protection of the environment

Perinatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Improves Cognition and Alters Brain Functional Organization in Piglets.

Epidemiologic studies associate maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/DHA-containing seafood intake with enhanced cognitive development; although, it should be noted that interventional trials show inconsistent findings. We examined perinatal DHA supplementation on cognitive performance, brain anatomical and functional organization, and the brain monoamine neurotransmitter status of offspring using a piglet model. Sows were fed a control (CON) or a diet containing DHA (DHA) from late gestation throughout lactation. Piglets underwent an open field test (OFT), an object recognition test (ORT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acquire anatomical, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) at weaning. Piglets from DHA-fed sows spent 95% more time sniffing the walls than CON in OFT and exhibited an elevated interest in the novel object in ORT, while CON piglets demonstrated no preference. Maternal DHA supplementation increased fiber length and tended to increase fractional anisotropy in the hippocampus of offspring than CON. DHA piglets exhibited increased functional connectivity in the cerebellar, visual, and default mode network and decreased activity in executive control and sensorimotor network compared to CON. The brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels did not differ in healthy offspring. Perinatal DHA supplementation may increase exploratory behaviors, improve recognition memory, enhance fiber tract integrity, and alter brain functional organization in offspring at weaning

Anti-obesity activity of diglyceride containing conjugated linoleic acid in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice

This study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of diglyceride (DG)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containing 22% CLA as fatty acids in C57BL/6J ob/ob male mice. There were four experimental groups including vehicle control, DG, CLA, and DG-CLA. The test solutions of 750 mg/kg dose were orally administered to the mice everyday for 5 weeks. CLA treatments significantly decreased mean body weight in the obese mice throughout the experimental period compared to the control (p < 0.01). All test solutions significantly decreased the levels of triglyceride, glucose and free fatty acids in the serum compared with control (p < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol were also significantly reduced in DG and DG-CLA groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CLA significantly decreased weights of renal and epididymal fats compared with the control (p < 0.05). DG and DG-CLA also significantly decreased the epididymal fat weights compared with the control (p < 0.05). A remarkable decrease in the number of lipid droplets and fat globules was observed in the livers of mice treated with DG, CLA, and DG-CLA compared to control. Treatments of DG and CLA actually increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. These results suggest that DG-CLA containing 22% CLA have a respectable anti-obesity effect by controlling serum lipids and fat metabolism