55 research outputs found

    Observation of inverse diproton photodisintegration at intermediate energies

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    The reaction pp->{pp}_s\gamma, where {pp}_s is a proton pair with an excitation energy E_{pp}<3 MeV, has been observed with the ANKE spectrometer at COSY-Juelich for proton beam energies of T_p=0.353, 0.500, and 0.550 GeV. This is equivalent to photodisintegration of a free 1S_0 diproton for photon energies E\gamma ~ T_p/2. The differential cross sections measured for c.m. angles 0 deg.<\theta_{pp}<20 deg. exhibit a steep increase with angle that is compatible with E1 and E2 multipole contributions. The ratio of the measured cross sections to those of np->d\gamma is on the 10^{-3}-10^{-2} level. The increase of the pp->{pp}_s\gamma cross section with T_p might reflect the influence of the Delta(1232) excitation.Comment: 4 pages + 4 figure

    Resonance-like coherent production of a pion pair in the reaction pdpdππpd \rightarrow pd\pi\pi in the GeV region

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    The reaction p+dp+d+Xp + d \rightarrow p + d + X was studied at 0.8-2.0 GeV proton beam energies with the ANKE magnetic spectrometer at the COSY synchrotron storage ring. The proton-deuteron pairs emerging with high momenta, 0.6-1.8 GeV/cc, were detected at small angles with respect to the proton beam. Distribution over the reaction missing mass MxM_x reveals a local enhancement near the threshold of the pion pair production specific for the so-called ABC effect. The enhancement has a structure of a narrow bump placed above a smooth continuum. The invariant mass of the dππd\pi\pi system in this enhancement region exhibits a resonance-like peak at Mdππ2.36M_{d\pi\pi} \approx 2.36 GeV/c2c^2 with the width Γ0.10\Gamma \approx 0.10 GeV/c2c^2. A possible interpretation of these features is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A. v2: Added references [42,43] in section IV.A. v3: revised version according to referee remarks v4: revised version according to referee remark

    ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ (РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ)

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    he article analyzes the nature and internal structure of various types of crimes in which involved minors. Describes the main social factors contributing to this anomaly in the period of development of society. Investigated the motivation, the system and the types of crimes of minors in the Volgograd region, are the main trends of development of this phenomenon. The study also discusses the theoretical basis of the problem of the influence of economic stability on the species structure of juvenile delinquency. In this study the analysis of various types of deviance minors in different areas of the city of Volgograd. In the process of rapid modernization of communication processes most of today’s youth have not been able to quickly rebuild their behavior. Currently, the value-perception of the adolescents focused on the material benefits in terms of expanded economic interactions. In these conditions, social processes become increasingly removed from humane and spiritual orientations. The effective functioning of society in its interaction based on cooperation and understanding is of great importance to stimulate the positive trends in social sphere in modern Russia. The modern period of development, coupled with a drastic breaking of the foundations of life, the formation of new social relations and institutions and the destruction of the old, inevitably contributes to social tension, the reassessment of social and moral values and development of deviant behavior of minors. The advantages of this study are the involvement of local archives regional committees on Affairs of minors, was first introduced to active scientific revolution, as well as logical structuring and grouping of the main issues related to the dynamics and changes in the species structure of juvenile crime, which allowed us to perform a fairly extensive archive of statistical material. Based on this analysis, the authors made a “psychological portrait” of a juvenile offender, identified the main motives that caused teenagers to commit various crimes, considered in detail the structure of their crimes. The problem of motivation has received considerable attention, as its study brings researchers to the subjective knowledge of the motor components, causing a minor to commit a crime. It is equally important that, given the socio-economic factors in the analysis of human aggression is of great value not only for theoretical analysis through a systemic approach, but also for further improvement of preventive, rehabilitative work with young offenders. The process of modernization of the Russian society have not only brought much positive change, but destroying the traditional way of life, have brought cardinal changes in communication processes of the younger generation. Overall, the article gives some increase of knowledge in the identified scientific fields, contributes to the development of the science and practice of studying of illegal behaviour of minors and promotes the understanding of problems related to social processes in modern society. Having carefully studied the main factors that intensify illegal behavior of adolescents in the period of economic transformation of society, the authors come to the conclusion that the processes of industrialization, urbanization, changing economic structure has had on the structure and activity of deviant behavior of teenagers in the period under review, a significant impact. This is probably due to the fact that these processes at the initial stage of its development has resulted in significant changes in the internal foundations of the structure of society.В представленной статье проанализированы природа и внутренняя структура различных  видов преступлений, в которых принимали участие несовершеннолетние. Описаны  основные социальные факторы, способствующие развитию данной аномалии в  рассматриваемый период развития общества. Исследованы мотивация, система и виды  преступлений несовершеннолетних в Волгоградском регионе, представлены основные тенденции развития данного явления. Также в исследовании рассматриваются  теоретические основы проблемы влияния экономической стабильности на видовую  структуру правонарушений несовершеннолетних. В исследовании предпринят анализ  различных видов девиаций несовершеннолетних в различных районах города Волгограда. В процессе ускоренной модернизации коммуникационных процессов большинство  современной молодежи оказалось не в состоянии в короткие сроки перестроить свое поведение. В настоящее время ценностное восприятие подростков ориентировано на  материальные блага в условиях расширения экономических форм взаимодействия. В этих  условиях социальные процессы становятся все более отстраненными от гуманных и духовных ориентаций. Эффективное функционирование общества в его взаимодействии,  основанном на сотрудничестве и понимании, имеет большое значение для стимулирования  положительных тенденций в социальной сфере современной России. Современный период  развития, сопряженный с кардинальной ломкой устоев жизни, образованием новых  общественных отношений и институтов и разрушением старых, неизбежно способствует  росту социальной напряженности, переоценке социально-нравственных ориентиров и развитию девиантного поведения несовершеннолетних. Преимуществами данного  исследования являются привлечение материалов местных архивов районных комитетов по делам несовершеннолетних, впервые вводящихся в активный научный оборот, а также  логическая структурированность и группировка основных вопросов, связанных с динамикой  и изменением видовой структуры правонарушений несовершеннолетних, которые позволили проанализировать довольно обширный архивный статистический материал. На основе этого  анализа авторы составили “психологический портрет” несовершеннолетнего  правонарушителя, определили основные мотивы, побуждавшие подростков к совершению различных преступлений, подробно рассмотрели структуру совершенных ими преступлений. Проблеме мотивации уделяется значительное внимание, поскольку ее изучение приближает  исследователей к уяснению субъективно-двигательных компонентов, приводящих  несовершеннолетних к совершению преступления. Не менее важно, что учет социально- экономических факторов при анализе человеческой агрессивности имеет большую ценность  не только для теоретического анализа в рамках системного подхода, но и для дальнейшего  совершенствования профилактической, коррекционной работы с подростками- правонарушителями. Процесс модернизации российского общества принес не только много  позитивных перемен, но, разрушая традиционный уклад жизни, привнес кардинальные  изменения в коммуникационные процессы подрастающего поколения. В целом статья дает свой прирост знаний в обозначенной научной области, вносит свой вклад в развитие науки  и практики изучения противоправного поведения несовершеннолетних и способствует  осмыслению проблем, связанных с социальными процессами, происходящими в современном обществе. Внимательно изучив основные факторы, активизирующие противоправное поведение подростков в период экономической трансформации общества,  авторы приходят к выводу о том, что процессы индустриализации, урбанизации, изменения  экономического уклада оказали на структуру и активность девиантного поведения  подростков в рассматриваемый период значительное влияние. Вероятно, это связано с тем,  что данные процессы на начальной стадии своего развития привели к существенному изменению внутренних устоев структуры общества

    The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

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    Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

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    Background Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.Methods In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186.Findings Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78 center dot 6%] female patients and 4922 [21 center dot 4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1 center dot 4 [IQR 0 center dot 6-3 center dot 4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2 center dot 0 [0 center dot 9-3 center dot 7]; p&lt;0 center dot 0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2 center dot 3 [1 center dot 0-5 center dot 0]; p&lt;0 center dot 0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69 center dot 0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71 center dot 5%] of 2119; OR 1 center dot 1 [95% CI 1 center dot 0-1 center dot 3]; p=0 center dot 042), lymph node metastases (343 [9 center dot 3%] vs 264 [12 center dot 5%]; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 2-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5 center dot 7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7 center dot 7%] of 2006; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 1-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0039).Interpretation Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation.Funding None.Copyright (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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