Analytical, Optimal, and Sparse Optimal Control of Traveling Wave Solutions to Reaction-Diffusion Systems

This work deals with the position control of selected patterns in reaction-diffusion systems. Exemplarily, the Schl\"{o}gl and FitzHugh-Nagumo model are discussed using three different approaches. First, an analytical solution is proposed. Second, the standard optimal control procedure is applied. The third approach extends standard optimal control to so-called sparse optimal control that results in very localized control signals and allows the analysis of second order optimality conditions.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Sentinel 1a-2a Incorporating an Object-Based Image Analysis Method for Flood Mapping and Extent Assessment

This study presents flood extent extraction and mapping from Sentinel images. Here we suggest an algorithm for extracting flooded areas from object-based image analysis (OBIA) using Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2A images to map and assess the flood extent from the beginning to one week after the event. This study used multi-scale parameters in OBIA for image segmentation. First, we identified the flooded regions by applying our proposed algorithm on the Sentinel-1A. Then, to evaluate the effects of the flood on each land-use/land cover (LULC) class, Sentinel-2A images is classified using the OBIA after the event. Besides, we also used the threshold method to compare the proposed algorithm applying OBIA to determine the efficiency in computing parameters for change detection and flood extent mapping. The findings revealed the best performance for the segmentation process with an Object Fitness Index (OFI) is 0.92 when the scale parameter of 60 is applied. The results also show that 2099.4 km2 of the study area is flooded at the beginning of the flood. Furthermore, we found that the most flooded LULC classes are agricultural land and orchards with 695.28km2 (32.4%) and 708.63 km2 (33.7%), respectively. In comparison, about 33.9% of the remaining flooded area has occurred in other classes (i.e., fish farm, built-up, bare land and water bodies). The resulting object of each scale parameter was evaluated by Object Pureness Index (OPI), Object Matching Index (OMI), and OFI. Finally, our Overall Accuracy (OA) method incorporated field data using the Global Positioning System (GPS) shows 93%, 90%, and 89% for LULC, flood map (i.e., using our proposed algorithm), and threshold method, respectively

The effect of nitrazepam on depression and curiosity in behavioral tests in mice: The role of potassium channels

Evidence show that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are involved in depression, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrazepam as agonist of GABAAreceptors on depression and curiosity in male mice and the role of potassium channel in antidepressant-like response. For this purpose, we studied the antidepressant-like properties of fluoxetine, nitrazepam, glibenclamide, and cromakalim by both forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Animals were injected by various doses of nitrazepam (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg). Nitrazepam at dose of 0.5 mg/kg significantly decreased the immobility time compared to control group in both FST and TST. Fluoxetine also showed such a response. Co-administration of nitrazepam (0.05 mg/kg) with glibenclamide in TST (1 mg/kg) and in FST (0.3, 1 mg/kg) also showed antidepressant-like response. Beside, cromakalim (0.1 mg/kg) could reverse the antidepressant-like effect of nitrazepam (0.5 mg/kg) in both FST and TST, while cromakalim and glibenclamide alone could not change the immobility time compared to control group (P>0.05). The hole-board test revealed that nitrazepam at doses of 0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg could increase the activity of the animal's head-dipping and boost the curiosity and exploration behavior of mice. The results of this study revealed that nitrazepam may possess antidepressant-like properties and this effect is dependent to potassium channels in both FST and TST. © 2016 Elsevier B.V