Diferencias en cefalometrías para diagnóstico ortodóncico entre radiografías cefálicas 2D Y 3D

The aim of this study was to compare lineal and angular measurement of Ricketts and Steiner analysis in cephalometric radiographs 2D and 3D. Materials and Methods: 30 cephalometric 2D and 3D radiographs were used , on which Ricketts and Steiner analysis were performed and the results from both tests were analyzed and compared. Results: After statistical analysis, the results of the difference between 2D and 3D radiographs, showed in the analysis of Ricketts 1.2% in Overjet, 1.28% Overbite, 2.12% Extrusion of the lower incisor, 14.5% Interincisal Angle, 1.75%Facial Convexity, 6.79% upper molar position, 1.2% Proinclination of lower incisor, 1.6% Proinclination of upper incisor, 7.21% Inclination of lower incisor, 7.2% Inclination of upper incisor, 2.9% Labial protrusion, 3.4% Facial Depth, 7.8% en Maxillary Depth, 10.9% Facial Axis, 3.07% Inclination of palatal plane, 6.3%Craneal Deflection, 8.9%Anterior Cranial Length, 14.19 Mandibular Length, 16.15% Mandibular Arch. In Steiner 2.73%SNA, 2.48% SNB , 1.2% ANBEl objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las medidas angulares y lineales en análisis cefalométrico de Ricketts y Steiner realizados en radiografías cefálicas laterales 2D y 3D. Materiales y Metodología: se usaron 30 radiografías cefálicas laterales 2D y3D a las cuales se le realizó el análisis cefalométrico de Ricketts y Steiner y los resultados de ambos análisis fueron comprobados. Resultados: Luego de realizar el análisis estadístico, los resultados del siguiente estudio, en el análisis de Ricketts presentaron un valor medio de 1.2% en relación al Overjet, 1.28% Overbite, 2.12% Extrusión del incisivo inferior, 14.5% Angulo interincisivo, 1.75% Convexidad Facial, 6.79% Molar superior, 1.2% Proinclinación del incisivo inferior, 1.6% Proinclinación del incisivo superior, 7.21 Inclinación del incisivo inferior, 7.2% Inclinación del incisivo superior, 2.9% en Protrusión labial, 3.4% Profundidad Facial. 7.8% en Profundidad Maxilar, 10.9% en Eje Facial, 3.07% en la Inclinación del plano Palatino, 6.3% Deflexión craneal, 8.9% en longitud craneal anterior, 14.19 en Longitud del cuerpo mandibular, 16.15% en Arco mandibular. Mientras que en el análisis de Steiner presentaron un valor medio de 2.73% en el ángulo SNA, 2.48% SNB, 1.2% ANB. Conclusión: Existe una diferencia significativa según el análisis descriptivo de estadística en todas las medidas lineales y angulare

Spinal intradural extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma

Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) involving the central nervous system is rare, but can be diagnosed and distinguished from other primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) by identification of the chromosomal translocation (11;22)(q24;q12). We report EES arising from the spinal intradural extramedullary space, based on imaging, histopathological, and molecular data in two men, ages 50 and 60 years old and a review of the literature using PubMed (1970–2009). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified the fusion product FL1-EWS. Multimodal therapy, including radiation and alternating chemotherapy including vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and ifosfamide and etoposide led to local tumor control and an initial, favorable therapeutic response. No systemic involvement was seen from the time of diagnosis to the time of last follow-up (26 months) or death (4 years). This report confirms that EES is not confined to the earliest decades of life, and like its rare occurrence as an extra-axial meningeal based mass intracranially, can occasionally present as an intradural mass in the spinal canal without evidence of systemic tumor. Gross total resection followed by multimodal therapy may provide for extended progression free and overall survival

Immune-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vivo generates breast cancer stem cells

The breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) hypotheses suggest that breast cancer is derived from a single tumor-initiating cell with stem-like properties, but the source of these cells is unclear. We previously observed that induction of an immune response against an epithelial breast cancer led in vivo to the T-cell-dependent outgrowth of a tumor, the cells of which had undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The resulting mesenchymal tumor cells had a CD24(-/lo)CD44(+) phenotype, consistent with BCSCs. In the present study, we found that EMT was induced by CD8 T cells and the resulting tumors had characteristics of BCSCs, including potent tumorigenicity, ability to reestablish an epithelial tumor, and enhanced resistance to drugs and radiation. In contrast to the hierarchal cancer stem cell hypothesis, which suggests that breast cancer arises from the transformation of a resident tissue stem cell, our results show that EMT can produce the BCSC phenotype. These findings have several important implications related to disease progression and relapse

Diagnostic utility of snail in metaplastic breast carcinoma

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer characterized by coexistence of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Snail is a nuclear transcription factor incriminated in the transition of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation of breast cancer. Aberrant Snail expression results in lost expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, an event associated with changes in epithelial architecture and invasive growth. We aimed to identify the utility of Snail, and of traditional immunohistochemical markers, in accurate MBC classification and to evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome