Plano nacional de políticas para as mulheres : necessidades práticas ou interesses estratégicos?

Este artigo analisa, utilizando as categorias Necessidades Práticas (das mulheres) e Interesses Estratégicos (de gênero), a efetividade das ações incluídas nos três Planos Nacionais de Políticas para as Mulheres (período: 2003-2015), considerando especificamente o eixo sobre o mundo do trabalho. A pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, evidenciou que essa recente política pública, executada pelo Estado brasileiro, não alterou substancialmente a realidade vivenciada pelas trabalhadoras. No artigo, defendemos a utilização das categorias Necessidades Práticas e Interesses Estratégicos como método de análise para a formulação, monitoramento e avaliação de políticas de gênero a fim de orientar as transformações para além do atendimento às necessidades básicas das mulheres, visando à superação da divisão sexual do trabalho.This article analyze, using the categories Practical Women Needs and Gender Strategic Interests, the effectiveness of the actions of the three National Plans of Policies for Women (2003-2015), emphasizing the axis of job market. The qualitative research, support on literature revision and documents analysis, revealed that recent public policy carried out by the Brazilian government, has not substantially altered the reality experienced by women workers. We advocate the use of categories Needs Practice and Strategic Interests as an analytical method for the formulation, monitoring and evaluation of gender policies to guide the transformation further the women practical needs to overcome the sexual division of work

Flow boiling heat transfer of a non-azeotropic mixture inside a single microchannel

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.This study moves from the need to study flow boiling of zeotropic mixture in microchannels. In the recent years much attention has been paid to the possible use of fluorinated propene isomers for the substitution of high-GWP refrigerants. The available HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins) cannot cover all the air-conditioning, heat pump, and refrigeration systems when used as pure fluids because their thermodynamic properties are not suitable for all operating conditions and therefore some solutions may be found using blends of refrigerants, to satisfy the demand for a wide range of working conditions. In the present paper a mixture of R1234ze(E) and R32 (0.5/0.5 by mass) has been studied. The local heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling of this mixture in a single microchannel with 0.96 mm diameter is measured at a pressure of 14 bar, which corresponds to a bubble temperature of 26.3°C. The flow boiling data taken in the present test section are discussed, with particular regard to the effect of heat flux, mass velocity and vapor quality. The heat transfer coefficients are compared against some predicting models available in the literature. Furthermore, the new experimental data are compared to flow boiling data of pure R1234ze(E) and pure R32 to analyze the heat transfer penalization due to the mass transfer resistance of this zeotropic mixture

Attosecond transient reflectivity spectroscopy for the study of electron dynamics in diamond

LAUREA MAGISTRALEGrazie ai brillanti risultati ottenuti negli scorsi anni, la scienza degli attosecondi ha mostrato tutto il suo potenziale nel rendere osservabili dinamiche elettroniche in atomi, molecole e solidi con una risoluzione temporale senza precedenti. La spettroscopia in assorbimento transiente è ormai una tecnica consolidata, tuttavia, presenta alcune grandi limitazioni nello studio dei solidi, che possono essere superate studiando la riflettività transiente. In questo lavoro, presenterò e discuterò alcune misure di riflettività transiente in un isolante modello, ovvero il diamante monocristallino, iniziando da una descrizione teorica della riflessione e trasmissione di un impulso su un'interfaccia piana senza approssimazione di onda piana, fino alla descrizione dell'esperimento in sé e alcune considerazioni preliminari sui risultati ottenuti, passando per la definizione dei parametri chiave in un esperimento di riflettività transiente, ovvero l'angolo di incidenza e l'indice di rifrazione complesso del campione. Particolare attenzione è riservata anche alla descrizione del setup e alla caratterizzazione della polarizzazione dell'impulso IR usato negli esperimenti.Thanks to the brilliant results obtained in the previous years, attoscience has shown its potential in unveiling electronic dynamics in matter with unprecedented time resolution. Transient absorption spectroscopy is now a well-established technique, however, it presents some major limitations for the investigation of condensed matter, that can be overcome by studying transient reflectance. In this work, I will present and discuss transient reflectivity measurements on a prototype insulator that is the monocrystalline diamond, starting from a theoretical characterization of the reflectivity and transmission of a pulse at a plane interface without plane-wave approximation, up to the description of the experiment itself and some preliminary considerations on the results obtained, passing through the definitions of the key parameters for a transient reflectivity experiment, i.e. the angle of incidence and the complex refractive index of the sample. Special consideration is reserved also to the description of the setup and the characterization of the polarization state of the IR pulse involved in the experiments

Macro- and micro-geographic variation of short-beaked common dolphin’s whistles in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 20113. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Taylor & Francis for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ethology Ecology & Evolution 26 (2014): 392-404, doi:10.1080/03949370.2013.851122.Genetic studies have shown that there are small but significant differences between the short-beaked common dolphin populations in the Atlantic Ocean and those in the Mediterranean Sea. The short-beaked common dolphin is a highly vocal species with a wide sound production repertoire including whistles. Whistles are continuous, narrowband, frequency-modulated signals that can show geographic variation in dolphin species. This study tests whether the differences, highlighted by genetic studies, are recognisable in the acoustic features of short-beaked common dolphin’s whistles in the two adjacent areas of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. From a selected sample of good quality whistles (514 recorded in the Atlantic and 193 in the Mediterranean) 10 parameters of duration, frequency and frequency modulation were measured. Comparing data among basins, differences were found for duration and all frequency parameters except for minimum frequency. Modulation parameters showed the highest coefficient of variation. Through discriminant analysis we correctly assigned 75.7% of sounds to their basins. Furthermore, micro-geographic analysis revealed similarity between the sounds recorded around the Azores and the Canary archipelagos and between the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean Sea. Results are in agreement with the hypothesis proposed by previous genetic studies that two distinct populations are present, still supposing a gene flow between the basins. This study is the first to compare shortbeaked common dolphin’s whistles of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean areas.Data collection and processing in the Azores was conducted under projects POCTI/BSE/38991/01, PTDC/MAR/74071/2006 and M2.1.2/F/012/2011, supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) and DRCTC/SRCTE (Secretaria Regional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Equipamentos), FEDER funds, the Competitiveness Factors Operational (COMPETE), QREN European Social Fund and Proconvergencia Açores Program. We acknowledge funds provided by FCT to LARSyS Associated Laboratory & IMAR-University of the Azores/ the Thematic Area E of the Strategic Project (OE & Compete) and by the DRCTC – Government of the Azores pluriannual funding. M.A. Silva was supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/ BPD/29841/2006). I. Cascão and R. Prieto were supported by FCT doctoral grants (SFRH/BD/ 41192/2007 and SFRH/BD/32520/2006, respectively) and R. Prieto by a research grant from the Azores Regional Fund for Science and Technology (M3.1.5/F/115/2012). Data collection by SECAC (Society for the Study of Cetaceans in the Canary Archipelago) was funded by the U.E. LIFE programme – project LIFE INDEMARES (LIFE 07/NAT/E/000732)- and the Fundación Biodiversidad, under the Spanish Ministry of Environment, Rural and Marine Affairs (project ZEC-TURSIOPS).2014-11-0

Histone Acetylation-Mediated Regulation of the Hippo Pathway

The Hippo pathway is a signaling cascade recently found to play a key role in tumorigenesis therefore understanding the mechanisms that regulate it should open new opportunities for cancer treatment. Available data indicate that this pathway is controlled by signals from cell-cell junctions however the potential role of nuclear regulation has not yet been described. Here we set out to verify this possibility and define putative mechanism(s) by which it might occur. By using a luciferase reporter of the Hippo pathway, we measured the effects of different nuclear targeting drugs and found that chromatin-modifying agents, and to a lesser extent certain DNA damaging drugs, strongly induced activity of the reporter. This effect was not mediated by upstream core components (i.e. Mst, Lats) of the Hippo pathway, but through enhanced levels of the Hippo transducer TAZ. Investigation of the underlying mechanism led to the finding that cancer cell exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors induced secretion of growth factors and cytokines, which in turn activate Akt and inhibit the GSK3 beta associated protein degradation complex in drug-affected as well as in their neighboring cells. Consequently, expression of EMT genes, cell migration and resistance to therapy were induced. These processes were suppressed by using pyrvinium, a recently described small molecule activator of the GSK 3 beta associated degradation complex. Overall, these findings shed light on a previously unrecognized phenomenon by which certain anti-cancer agents may paradoxically promote tumor progression by facilitating stabilization of the Hippo transducer TAZ and inducing cancer cell migration and resistance to therapy. Pharmacological targeting of the GSK3 beta associated degradation complex may thus represent a unique approach to treat cancer. © 2013 Basu et al

WNT signalling in prostate cancer

Genome sequencing and gene expression analyses of prostate tumours have highlighted the potential importance of genetic and epigenetic changes observed in WNT signalling pathway components in prostate tumours-particularly in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. WNT signalling is also important in the prostate tumour microenvironment, in which WNT proteins secreted by the tumour stroma promote resistance to therapy, and in prostate cancer stem or progenitor cells, in which WNT-β-catenin signals promote self-renewal or expansion. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of inhibitors that target WNT receptor complexes at the cell membrane or that block the interaction of β-catenin with lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 and the androgen receptor, in preventing prostate cancer progression. Some WNT signalling inhibitors are in phase I trials, but they have yet to be tested in patients with prostate cancer