Control of the plasmonic resonance of a graphene coated plasmonic nanoparticle array combined with a nematic liquid crystal

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a switchable plasmonic device based on a conductive graphene oxide (cGO) coated plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) array, layered with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) as an active medium. A monolayer of NPs has been immobilized on a glass substrate through electrostatic interaction, and then grown in place using nanochemistry. This monolayer is then coated with a thin (less then 100nm) cGO film which acts simultaneously as both an electro-conductive and active medium. The combination of the conductive NP array with a separate top cover substrate having both cGO and a standard LC alignment layer is used for aligning a NLC film in a hybrid configuration. The system is analysed in terms of morphological and electro-optical properties. The spectral response of the sample characterized after each element is added (air, cGO, NLC) reveals a red-shift of the localized plasmonic resonance (LPR) frequency of approximately 62nm with respect to the NP array surrounded by air. The application of an external voltage (8Vpp) is suitable to modulate (blue shift) the LPR frequency by approximately 22nm

Google Searches as a Means of Improving the Nowcasts of Key Macroeconomic Variables

The Google Insights data are a collection of recorded Internet searches for a huge number of the keywords, which are available since January 2004. These searches represent a kind of revealed perceptions of Internet users, which are a (possibly not entirely representative) sample of the general public. These data can be used to improve the short-term forecasts or nowcasts of various macroeconomic variables. In this paper, we compare the nowcasts of the growth rates of the real US private consumption based on both the conventional consumer confidence indicators and the Google indicators. The latter are extracted from the Google searches using the principal component analysis. It is shown that the Google indicators are especially successful at predicting private consumption in times of economic trouble, for they are 20% more accurate than the best alternative during the 2008m1-2009m5 forecast period. In addition, Google indicators are available at weekly frequency and not subject to revisions. This makes them an excellent source of information for the macroeconomic forecasting.Google indicators, forecasting, principal components, US private consumption

Belastungsstabile Subtalararthrodesemit I.CO.S®-Schrauben

Zusammenfassung. : Operationsziel: : Belastungsstabile Arthrodese des unteren Sprunggelenks (USG, Articulatio talocalcanearis). Indikationen: : Symptomatische Arthrose des unteren Sprunggelenks. Symptomatische Coalitio talocalcanearis. Fixierte Fehlstellung des Rückfußes. Neurogene Fehlstellung des Rückfußes. Ligamentär nicht stabilisierbarer Rückfuß. Kontraindikationen: : Akuter Gelenkinfekt. Diabetische Neuroarthropathie. Operationstechnik: : Lateraler Längsschnitt und Eröffnen des Sinus tarsi, Ausräumen desselben und Arthrotomie des unteren Sprunggelenks. Aufspreizen des Gelenks und Entknorpeln der Gelenkflächen von lateral nach medial, zunächst der hinteren, dann der mittleren und vorderen Gelenkanteile. Reposition und temporäre Transfixation des Gelenks mit zwei perkutanen Kirschner-Drähten: 1. von plantar-posterior durch den Kalkaneus in den Taluskörper und 2. von plantar-lateral schräg nach dorsomedial in den Taluskopf. Kontrolle unter dem Röntgenbildwandler, Überbohren der Kirschner-Drähte und Einbringen von zwei 6,5-mm- I.CO.S®-Schrauben (Ideal Compression Screws). Auffüllen des Sinus tarsi mit autogenem oder homologem Knochenspan. Weiterbehandlung: : Bei abgeschwollenen Weichteilen freie Mobilisation mit Belastung nach Maßgabe der Schmerzen, beginnend mit zwei Unterarmgehstützen. Ergebnisse: : Von den im Jahr 2000 im Kantonsspital Basel (Orthopädisch- traumatologische Abteilung, Orthopädische Universitätsklinik) operierten 13 Patienten (drei Frauen, zehn Männer; Durchschnittsalter 49 Jahre) waren zwölf nach 16,5 (12-22) Monaten mit dem Resultat der Arthrodese des unteren Sprunggelenks zufrieden, und diese war in allen 13 Fällen in regelrechter Stellung konsolidiert. Nach knöcherner Durchbauung wurden insgesamt vier Patienten, alle nach einer initial posttraumatischen Arthrose und verschiedenen Voroperationen, wegen Restbeschwerden erneut operiert: In allen vier Fällen wurden die möglicherweise störenden Schrauben entfernt, in einem Fall erfolgte zusätzlich eine Revision der Narbe und des Tarsaltunnels. Im Kitaoka-Hindfoot-Score erreichten neun Patienten zwischen 88 und 92 Punkte und drei Patienten zwischen 65 und 77 Punkte. Ein Patient erreichte nur 56 Punkte und war wegen persistierender Schmerzen sowie der bereits vor der Operation bestehenden generellen Einsteifung des Rückfußes nicht zufrieden. In keinem Fall ließen sich eine Sekundärdislokation der Fragmente, ein Implantatversagen und/oder eine Knochendemineralisation beobachte

Symptoms in Swiss adolescents in relation to exposure from fixed site transmitters : a prospective cohort study

There is public concern regarding potential health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by fixed site transmitters. We therefore investigated whether self-reported general well-being in adolescents is affected by RF-EMF exposure from mobile phone base stations (downlink) and broadcast transmitters (TV and radio).; In a prospective cohort study, 439 study participants aged 12-17 years, completed questionnaires about their self-reported well-being and possible confounding factors at baseline and one year later. Exposure from fixed site transmitters at home and school was calculated by using a geospatial propagation model. Data were analysed using a mixed-logistic cross-sectional model of a combined dataset consisting of baseline and follow-up data and a longitudinal approach where we investigated whether exposure at baseline (cohort analysis) or changes in exposure between baseline and follow-up (change analysis) were related to a new onset of a symptom between baseline and follow-up. All analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders.; Mean exposure (median; 75(th)) for broadcast transmitters, downlink and total exposure at baseline were 1.9 μW/m(2) (1.0 μW/m(2); 2.8 μW/m(2)), 14.4 μW/m(2) (3.8 μW/m(2); 11.0 μW/m(2)) and 16.3 μW/m(2) (5.8 μW/m(2); 13.4 μW/m(2)), respectively. In cross-sectional analyses no associations were observed between any symptom and RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters. In the cohort and change analyses only a few significant associations were observed including an increased OR for tiredness (2.94, 95%CI: 1.43 to 6.05) for participants in the top 25(th) percentile of total RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters at baseline, in comparison to participants exposed below the median and a decreased OR for exhaustibility (0.50, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.93) for participants with an exposure increase between baseline and follow-up.; In this cohort study, using a geospatial propagation model, RF-EMF exposure from fixed site transmitters was not consistently associated with self-reported symptoms in Swiss adolescents. The few observed associations have to be interpreted with caution and might represent chance findings

Three objectives of historical ecology: the case of litter collecting in Central European forests

Most ecosystems and landscapes worldwide are dominated or influenced by human impacts. Consequently, studies of pattern and processes of and within anthropogenic ecosystems and cultural landscapes have to consider human impacts and their historical development adequately. Three major objectives of historical ecology, i.e., the study of human impacts on ecosystems and landscapes over time, can be distinguished: (a) preserving cultural heritage in ecosystems and landscapes, (b) understanding historical trajectories of pattern and processes in ecosystems and landscapes, and (c) informing ecosystem and landscape management. In this paper, the application of these three major objectives of historical ecology is illustrated with a case study on litter collecting—a largely forgotten traditional forest use in Central Europe. Historical analyses do not allow—and should not be misused—to directly deduct management goals, as goals need to be set based on present needs and demands. Still, information on reference condition is relevant in the process of defining goals. Once specific goals are set, historical ecology may advise on how to best achieve and maintain desirable pattern and processes in ecosystems or landscap

Das neue UNI/PHZ-Gebäude in Luzern

Das neue UNI/PHZ-Gebäude in Luzern ist für die Zentalschweiz ein Novum. Es besticht durch sein prägnantes Äusseres. Im Innern erfüllt es ein anspruchsvolles Raumprogramm für drei Institutionen. Mit dem Neubau ist die Hochschule Luzern der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zentralschweiz im urbanen Umfeld an zentralster Lage in der Stadt Luzern auch baulich präsent und der Raum Zentralschweiz um ein bemerkenswert multifunktionales Bildungsgebäude reicher geworden.Located next to the station and the famous KKL, the new building of the University of Lucerne and the University of Teacher Education Central Switzerland (PHZ) Lucerne reacti­vates an urban area. Its defensively expressive facade gives it an appropriate presence. It offers teacher education a variety of different learning spaces, and it is a remarkably multifunctional study and knowledge building in Central Switzerland.nKeywords architecture – buildings for education – learning

Risk aggregation, dependence structure and diversification benefit

Insurance and reinsurance live and die from the diversification benefits or lack of it in their risk portfolio. The new solvency regulations allow companies to include them in their computation of risk-based capital (RBC). The question is how to really evaluate those benefits. To compute the total risk of a portfolio, it is important to establish the rules for aggregating the various risks that compose it. This can only be done through modelling of their dependence. It is a well known fact among traders in financial markets that "diversification works the worst when one needs it the most''. In other words, in times of crisis the dependence between risks increases. Experience has shown that very large loss events almost always affect multiple lines of business simultaneously. September 11, 2001, is an example of such an event: when the claims originated simultaneously from lines of business which are usually uncorrelated, such as property and life, at the same time that the assets of the company were depreciated due to the crisis on the stock markets. In this paper, we explore various methods of modelling dependence and their influence on diversification benefits. We show that the latter strongly depend on the chosen method and that rank correlation grossly overestimates diversification. This has consequences on the RBC for the whole portfolio, which is smaller than it should be when correctly accounting for tail correlation. However, the problem remains to calibrate the dependence for extreme events, which are rare by definition. We analyze and propose possible ways to get out of this dilemma and come up with reasonable estimates.Risk-Based Capital, Hierarchical Copula, Dependence, Calibration

El concepto de calidad educativa en las investigaciones sobre educación en Chile (2000 – 2008)

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo conocer los conceptos de calidad educativa que se manejan en las investigaciones chilenas sobre educación entre los años 2000 y 2008. Para registrar la información referente a calidad educativa dentro de las investigaciones muestreadas se utilizó una ficha de sistematización de información. A partir de ello, se elaboró una descripción general de los conceptos de calidad encontrados, según las conceptualizaciones nominales, componentes e indicadores de calidad presentes en las distintas investigaciones analizadas. El resultado principal es que estos conceptos presentan una alta diversidad en cuanto al nivel de formulación conceptual y al enfoque, prescindiendo en la mitad de los casos de una definición nominal del concepto de calidad educativa, a pesar de abordar ésta temática de forma central. En segundo lugar, se construyó una tabla de doble entrada con el fin de generar agrupaciones que dieran lugar a una tipología de conceptos de calidad. Este análisis mostró una diversidad cualitativa importante en tales conceptos, diferenciándose los grupos en relación al enfoque temático-disciplinar y la profundidad y minuciosidad de las conceptualizaciones de calidad educativa. Luego, se realizó un análisis de los supuestos teóricos y ontológicos de la educación y de lo social contenidos en las investigaciones estudiadas, encontrándose que los grupos de la tipología poseen características comunes a este respecto. Por último, se hizo una descripción de la relación entre calidad y equidad presente en las investigaciones analizadas. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de que los investigadores expliciten y definan los conceptos de calidad utilizados en sus estudios, y no manejen concept