Determinants of Dietary Adequacy Among School Age Children in Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Dietary diversity (DD) is a validated proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among different age groups including infants, children and women. This study assessed level of dietary adequacy and its associated factors among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. Survey was conducted among 769 children aged 6 to 12 years of with their care givers using multistage sampling method. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire containing the ten food groups for minimum dietary diversity for women and other parts. Adequate dietary diversity was categorized those children who consume at least five food groups. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression with odds ratios (95% CI) was computed. Overall 769 children were included in the study, with a mean age of 8 years. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.9 (±1.42). About 444 (58.3%) had an inadequate dietary diversity. Those children from extended family size had 1.3 times to have inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3). Children from female headed households, did not attend formal education had 1.3 and 1.4 times higher odds of having an inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3 and 1.4). Similarly, children living with uneducated caregiver had six fold more likely to have an adequate DD level (AOR=6.7). The dietary diversity of children in the study area was below average. Household head, caregiver\u27s educational status, occupation of the household head, father/female headed household and family size were found to be associated with DD score. There should be awareness creation through existing Health extension platform and back yard vegetation should be improved

Penentuan Korelasi Perubahan Kecepatan Angin dan Kekuatan Radiasi terhadap Ketinggian Lapisan Inversi dan Hubungannya dengan Kualitas Udara Ambien Kota Surabaya

Dispersi polutan pada udara ambien dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian lapisan inversi yang membatasi ruang mixing height di Kota Surabaya. Ketinggian lapisan inversi dipengaruhi oleh faktor meteorologi dan kestabilan atmosfer di suatu daerah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan Perubahan kecepatan angin dan kekuatan radiasi terhadap ketinggian lapisan inversi dan kualitas udara ambien di Kota Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis korelasi dalam penelitian ini adalah metode korelasi Pearson. Data ketinggian lapisan inversi didapatkan dari profil temperatur terhadap ketinggian hasil pengukuran radiosonde BMKG Juanda pada tahun 2009 hingga 2014. Analisis korelasi yang dilakukan diasumsikan dalam keadaan normal sehingga data yang digunakan adalah data hasil pelingkupan pada pukul 00.00 WIB dan 12.00 WIB dengan nilai persentil 10% dari tahun 2009 hingga 2014. Lapisan inversi pada Kota Surabaya kemungkinan merupakan lapisan subsidence inversion. Lapisan inversi tersebut memiliki korelasi berbanding terbalik pada pukul 00.00 WIB dan korelasi berbanding lurus pada pukul 12.00 WIB terhadap kecepatan angin, sedangkan untuk kekuatan radiasi tidak berkorelasi. Korelasi ketinggian lapisan inversi dengan kualitas udara ambien SO2 berbanding terbalik, namun tidak berkorelasi dengan NO2 dan O3

Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns and gravel lenses

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil textural properties is important for determining soil moisture storage and soil hydraulic transport properties. Capturing field heterogeneity without exhaustive sampling and costly sample analysis is difficult. Our objective was to employ electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping in low apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) soils at varying soil water contents to capture time invariant properties such as soil texture. Georeferenced ECa measurements were taken using a ground conductivity meter on six different days where volumetric water content (θv) varied from 0.11 to 0.23. The 50 m × 50 m field included a subsurface gravelly patch in an otherwise homogeneous silt-loam alluvial soil. Ordinary block kriging predicted ECa at unsampled areas to produce 1-m resolution maps. Temporal stability analysis was used to divide the field into three distinct ECa regions. Subsequent ground-truthing confirmed the lowest conductivity region correlated with coarse textured soil parent materials associated with a former high-energy alluvial depositional area. Combining maps using temporal stability analysis gives the clearest image of the textural difference. These maps could be informative for modeling, experimental design, sensor placement and targeted zone management strategies in soil science, ecology, hydrology, and agricultural applications

Determination of pond water quality for aquaculture and ecosystem management

Fish is the main source of animal protein for the common people of Bangladesh. About 37% of the inland fishes are obtained from the closed water fish culture where ponds play vital roles in the production system. The present study was carried out to determine the water quality (physico-chemical and biological factors) of five uncultivated or under cultivated ponds in the Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh, for aquaculture and ecosystem management. Temperature, pH, EC, BOD, COD, TSS, turbidity, NO2-, PO4 -, free CO2, CO3 -, HCO3-, Cl-, total viable bacterial count and total coliform were determined. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. from the water samples were performed to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against ciprofloxacin was also investigated. The findings reveal that there was no significant difference in temperature (19°C to 20°C), pH (6.7 to 7.4), electrical conductivity and Cl- values in the water among the ponds and that was within the range of the requirements for the fish cultivation. Both turbidity and total dissolved solids was highest in the uncultivated botanical garden pond 2 (BGP2). BOD, COD, NO2- , PO 4-2, HCO3-, and free CO2 concentration was beyond the permissible limits for aquaculture. Total viable count and total coliform ranged from 1.3 × 10 4 to 6.6 × 10 5 cfu ml-1 and from 0.0205×10 2 to 1.10×10 2 ml-1 respectively, among the ponds where both these parameters were highest in the naturally polluted BGP2. Most of the isolated E. coli and Salmonella sp. were sensitive but few showed resistance against the antibiotics, especially in BGP1, where fishes were cultivated commercially

Decomposing the gap in missed opportunities for vaccination between poor and non-poor in sub-Saharan Africa : a multicountry analyses

Understanding the gaps in MOV between poor and non-poor in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) would enable an understanding of factors associated with interventions for improving immunization coverage to achieving universal childhood immunization. We aimed to conduct a multicountry analyses to decompose the gap in MOV between poor and non-poor in SSA. We used cross-sectional data from 35 Demographic and Health Surveys in SSA conducted between 2007 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to understand the gap in MOV between the urban poor and non-poor, and across the selected covariates. Out of the 35 countries included in this analysis, 19 countries showed pro-poor inequality, five showed pro-non-poor inequality and remaining 11 countries showed no statistically significant inequality. Among the countries with statistically significant pro-illiterate inequality, the risk difference ranged from 4.2% in Congo DR to 20.1% in Kenya. The important factors responsible for the inequality varied across the countries. In Madagascar, the largest contributions to the inequality in MOV was media access followed by number of under-five children and maternal education. However, Liberia media access narrowed the inequality in MOV between poor and non-poor households.The findings indicate that in most SSA countries, children belonging to poor households are most likely to have MOV and that socio-economic inequality in missed opportunities for vaccination is determined not only by health system functions, but also by factors beyond the scope of health authorities and care delivery system. Suggesting the the importance of addressing the social determinants of health, particularly education

Observations of the martian atmosphere with the mars climate sounder

The Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) has obtained measurements of the Martian atmosphere for one Mars year. Onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), MCS continues to acquire high vertical resolution profiles of temperature, dust, condensates of CO2 and H2O, and water vapor by observing the limb of the atmosphere from the surface to 80 km in the spectral intervals 0.3 – 3 ?m and 11.5 – 45 ?m [1]. This paper describes the investigation and introduces some of the observations being studied by the MCS science team. Other presentations by the team at this workshop will describe in greater detail results of ongoing research using MCS data

Sociological Factors To Drug Abuse And The Effects On Secondary School Students Academic Performance In Ekiti And Ondo States, Nigeria

This study examined the influence of drug abuse on secondary school students in relation to their family background, family cohesion, peer group influence, and students academic performance. Descriptive research design of the survey type and an inventory were used for the study. The population comprised all secondary school students in Ekiti and Ondo States, while the sample consisted of 460 students that were found to be using drugs in Ekiti and Ondo states. Simple random sampling was used to select one school from each of the 16 local governments in Ekiti and one each from the 30 in Ondo state. Purposive sampling was used to select ten students from each school in the 16 local governments in Ekiti and ten each from the 30 local governments in Ondo states. The instruments used for collection of data were a self-designed questionnaire called Drug Abuse Questionnaire (DAQ) and an inventory for collection of students results. The data were analysed using Pearson Moment Correlation Analysis. The four hypotheses raised were tested at 0.5 level of significance. The study determined that there was significant relationship between family background, peer influence, family cohesion, and drug abuse. In the study, it was also discovered that drug abuse negatively affects students academic performance in Ekiti and Ondo States. It is therefore recommended that parents should give their children moral, social, psychological, and financial support to guide them against negative peer and societal influences

Signatures of 3?6 day planetary waves in the equatorial mesosphere and ionosphere

International audienceCommon periodic oscillations have been observed in meteor radar measurements of the MLT winds at Cariri (7.4° S, 36.5° W) and Ascension Island (7.9° S, 14.4° W) and in the minimum ionospheric virtual height, h'F, measured at Fortaleza (3.9° S, 38.4° W) in 2004, all located in the near equatorial region. Wavelet analysis of these time series reveals that there are 3?4-day, 6?8-day and 12?16-day oscillations in the zonal winds and h'F. The 3?4 day oscillation appeared as a form of a wave packet from 7?17 August 2004. From the wave characteristics analyzed this might be a 3.5-day Ultra Fast Kelvin wave. The 6-day oscillation in the mesosphere was prominent during the period of August to November. In the ionosphere, however, it was apparent only in November. Spectral analysis suggests that this might be a 6.5-day wave previously identified. The 3.5-day and 6.5-day waves in the ionosphere could have important roles in the initiation of equatorial spread F (plasma bubble). These waves might modulate the post-sunset E×B uplifting of the base of the F-layer via the induced lower thermosphere zonal wind and/or the E-region conductivity

The Relationship Between Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee's Performance in Universiti Utara Malaysia

The aims of this study are to investigate whether there is any relationship between employee performance, job satisfaction and employee motivation. The survey method was employ with the quantitative data were processed using a multivariate technique. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage used to measure the percentage of returned questionnaire and also used to describe the respondents' profile such as their gender, educational background, their academic qualifications, and job title. Correlation and multiple regressions used for inferential statistics. The Pearson correlation used to measure the significance of linear bivariate between the independent and dependent variables thereby achieving the objective of this study. Multiple regressions used to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables, the direction of the relationship, the degree of the relationship and strength of the relationship. This thesis found that job satisfaction has a significance positively influence to the employee's performance rather than motivation. The non significance of motivation was found in the influence to the employee's performance. This study conclude that job satisfaction among support staff much more contribute to the employee's performance of support staff of UUM