Patterns of Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Vectorlike Gauge Theories

It has been conjectured that spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in strongly coupled vectorlike gauge theories falls into only three different classes, depending on the gauge group and the representations carried by the fermions. We test this proposal by studying SU(2), SU(3) and SU(4) lattice gauge theories with staggered fermions in different irreducible representations. Staggered fermions away from the continuum limit should, for all complex representations, still belong to the continuum class of spontaneous symmetry breaking. But for all real and pseudo-real representations we show that staggered fermions should belong to incorrect symmetry breaking classes away from the continuum, thus generalizing previous results. As an unambiguous signal for whether chiral symmetry breaks, and which breaking pattern it follows, we look at the smallest Dirac eigenvalue distributions. We find that the patterns of symmetry breaking are precisely those conjectured.Comment: LaTeX, 17 pages. Typos in eq (17) correcte

Screening for disordered eating in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes:A comparison of Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised (DEPS-R) and Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE-Q) with item-level analysis

Aims: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face an increased risk of disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED), associated with glucose levels outside target range and an increased risk of complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the type and severity of DE and assess the item accuracy of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey Revised (DEPS-R) compared to the Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE-Q) in the screening of DE among adolescents with T1D. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey including DEPS-R, YEDE-Q and medical records. Item to total analysis with correlations, and group comparisons were performed. Results: A total of 131 adolescents between 11 and 19 (mean age 15.3 ± 2.2) years completed both DEPS-R and YEDE-Q, identifying 21.4% and 22.9% with DE, respectively. Significantly more females (&gt;30%) than males (≈5%) were identified in both measures. More than 50% reported insulin restriction in DEPS-R vs. 1.5% in YEDE-Q. YEDE-Q yielded 32% with weight controlling behaviours, however, half of these were unidentified by DEPS-R. Item-total analysis of DEPS-R showed that item 10 had small correlations to both total score and clinical variables. Conclusion: This study confirms the clinical relevance of DEPS-R, including associations between DE and female sex, older age, and glucose levels outside target range, however, it may not accurately capture distinct ED risk behaviours, such as excessive exercise or shape and weight related insulin restriction. The item-total analysis shows that the relevance of item 10 should be further investigated.</p

The 2018 revision of the standard IEC 61400-24 : lightning protection of wind turbines

The first edition of the standard IEC 61400-24, Wind Generator Systems – Part 24 Lightning Protection, was issued in June 2010, and the scope was to reflect the experiences and technical understanding of lightning protection of wind turbines by manufacturers, certification organizations, research institutes and universities. It presented background statistical information on lightning damage to wind turbines, and it provided guidance on lightning protection best practices. Since then, the wind power industry has further developed towards even larger onshore and offshore wind turbines and into a mature industry. This is the background for the current draft of the 2018 revision of the IEC 61400-24, which transforms the 2010 edition into an evolution of the previous issued standard based on improved technical experience and expertise