Studi Keragaman Jenis, Kandungan Gizi Esensial Dan Kalsium Oksalat Dioscorea Di Pulau Bali Dan Lombok

Dioscorea tuber has many benefits, for example as food or as traditional medicine. The high carbohydrate and protein contents make this plant suitable as a food. However, the presence of crystal oxalate, that causes irritation is an disadvantage aspect on the development of this species. Both of wild and cultivated species will assure the gene flow which is important in efforts to improve the tuber quality should be examine further. This research aimed to observe the biodiversity of Dioscorea in Bali and Lombok, to recognize the utilization and to reveal their nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat) and also the contents of calcium oxalate. The results showed that there are five Dioscorea spesies, namely Dioscorea alata L. (ubi) (11 cultivars), Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill (ubi aung), Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (gadung), Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Dioscorea pentaphylla L. The highest carbohydrate content (87,42% ) is found in D. alata (ubi ungu cultivar) from Lombok, while the highest protein content (5,05%.) is found in D. alata (ubi dadap cultivar) from Singaraja, Bali. Furthermore, the highest percentage of fat content (0,85%) is found in D. bulbifera from Karangasem, Bali, whereas the high quantity of glaucomannan (44,52%.) id found in D. pentaphylla from Tabanan, Bali, while D. esculenta from Jembarana, Bali has the highest calcium oxalate (0,57%), and D. alata (ubi injin cultivar) from Karangasem, Bali has the least calcium oxalate (0,18%)

VARIASI KANDUNGAN GIZI DIOSCOREA HISPIDA YANG BERASAL DARI BALI DAN LOMBOK SERTA KERAGAMAN GENETIKNYA BERDASARKAN PCR SSCP

Dioscorea hispida atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Gadung adalah salah satu jenis tumbuhan dari suku Dioscoreaceae. Umbi Dioscorea memiliki peran yang unik dalam masyarakat baik sebagai bahan pangan, maupun obat tradisional. Kandungan karbohidrat dan protein yang tinggi dari Dioscorea menjadikannya salah satu bahan pangan alternatif. Umbi D. hispida dapat dikonsumsi, dijadikan keripik atau makanan olahan pengganti nasi setelah diolah terlebih dahulu. Umbi dari D. hispida diketahui beracun karena mengandung alkaloid, karena itu sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan insektisida dan rodentisida alami. Selain itu umbi Dioscorea dapat pula dimanfaatkan sebagai obat salah satunya karena memiliki kandungan steroidal sapogenin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi kandungan gizi D. hispida yang berasal dari beberapa wilayah di Pulau Bali dan Lombok, serta untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat variasi genetika pada D. hispida yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh adanya perbedaan tempat tumbuh pada kedua pulau tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan tempat tumbuh tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas kandungan gizi D. hispida. Perbedaan tempat tumbuh hanya berpengaruh terhadap kandungan kalsium oksalat, dimana kandungan kalsium oksalat D. hispida yang berasal dari Bali nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dari Lombok. Hasil uji lanjutan pada level Provinsi menunjukkan bahwa kadar kalsium oksalat dari Bali Timur lebih rendah dari Bali Barat dan Utara. DNA kloroplast trnL-trnF dan DNA inti pgiC yang diuji tidak menunjukkan adanya variasi sekuensnya.&nbsp

Social Support and Postpartum Depression in Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) Patients

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between social support given to HIV patients with the incidence of postpartum depression. Method: All HIV patients who had delivery in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and Prof. dr. Sulianti Saroso hospital during the period of October 2012 to March 2013 were enrolled as research subjects. We performed depression screening with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and to measure the social support provided by Social Support Questionnaire/Kuesioner Dukungan Sosial (KDS). Statistical analysis was done using Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square and unpaired t-test. Result: We found a total of 34.1% of subjects who experienced postpartum depression, in which 40% did not received proper social support. Considering the demographic characteristics of the subjects who experienced depression, 70% was in age group 20-35 years, 56.7% of subjects had low education level and 70% was primiparous. Conclusion: Social support has a protective effect towards postpartum depression in HIV patients. Keywords: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, HIV, (kuesioner dukungan sosial), postpartum depression, social suppor

Game-based Learning sebagai Inovasi Pendidikan Indonesia di Era Milenial

Perkembangan zaman kini telah memasuki era milenial, suatu era yang dipenuhi oleh anak-anak yang telah beranjak dewasa, generasi yang disebut dengan generasi milenial. Kita tidak dapat mengabaikan lagi bahwa generasi milenial akan mengganti generasi sebelumnya. Seperti pada umumnya generasi X menggantikan generasi Baby Boomers. Sebagai aktor pendidikan, seperti guru, dosen, dan para pengajar kompetensi lainnya, sudah menjadi kewajiban bagi kita untuk mengetahui karakteristik generasi milenial. Beranjak dari kedinamisan dan kreativitas generasi milenial, generasi ini selain akrab dengan teknologi atau gawai mereka juga suka bermain game. Game dapat diakses oleh semua kalangan baik remaja, orangtua, bahkan anak-anak. Permainan atau lebih tepatnya game ini dapat memberikan hiburan yang menjadikan para gamers terdorong untuk sering memainkannya. Selain dari game yang dapat dimainkan sendiri, terdapat juga game online yang dapat dimainkan oleh banyak pemain (multiplayer). Sebagai data pendukung, penulis telah menyebarkan kuisioner selama tanggal 16-18 Agustus 2019 dengan tujuan mengetahui inovasi yang tepat untuk pendidikan di Indonesia. Total responden yang berjumlah 110 orang didominasi oleh generasi milenial dengan umur 21-25 (60.9%) (Lampiran 1). Bersumber pada hasil kuisioner, game berpotensi untuk membantu pendidikan. Sebanyak 91.8% responden menjawab Ya dan Mungkin, sementara hanya 8.2% responden yang menjawab Tidak (Lampiran 4).</p

PEMBUATAN TOP ENGINE CUTTING TRAINER SUZUKI RC 100

In the technology development, the world of education must be able to prepare the professional and expert human resource by including a final assignment to the education ladder. Engine cutting of Suzuki RC 100 will be used in the automotive workshop of UGM to add practical media as a mean of practical supporting technique of motorcycle. The methods used in this study are overhaul and brench work, the first is overhaul/release all of the components, then brench work to determine the area that would be shown. Cleaning the parts or components of engine to make easier of painting. Painting the parts, painting the parts in order to clarify the limits of each components. Assembly, assembly purpose to return the component into first position. The making of stand engine, the making of stand engine purose to prop up the engine. Stand painting, stand painting purpose to make the stand neat and not rusty. The making of engine activator, firing engine on stand after the engine has been done and to make the engine that has been cut can moved, so just give the activator by adding the engine so that it can be seen how the procedure of engine components. From the result of the study, it can be concluded that engine cutting can make easier to learn the function of each engine component because the work of each engine component can be seen clearly after cutting and painting process, also painting process has a function to separate the limits of each components, such as lubrication and full suppl

VARIASI KANDUNGAN GIZI DIOSCOREA HISPIDA YANG BERASAL DARI BALI DAN LOMBOK SERTA KERAGAMAN GENETIKNYA BERDASARKAN PCR SSCP

Dioscorea hispida atau yang lebih dikenal dengan nama Gadung adalah salah satu jenis tumbuhan dari suku Dioscoreaceae. Umbi Dioscorea memiliki peran yang unik dalam masyarakat baik sebagai bahan pangan, maupun obat tradisional. Kandungan karbohidrat dan protein yang tinggi dari Dioscorea menjadikannya salah satu bahan pangan alternatif. Umbi D. hispida dapat dikonsumsi, dijadikan keripik atau makanan olahan pengganti nasi setelah diolah terlebih dahulu. Umbi dari D. hispida diketahui beracun karena mengandung alkaloid, karena itu sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan insektisida dan rodentisida alami. Selain itu umbi Dioscorea dapat pula dimanfaatkan sebagai obat salah satunya karena memiliki kandungan steroidal sapogenin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi kandungan gizi D. hispida yang berasal dari beberapa wilayah di Pulau Bali dan Lombok, serta untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat variasi genetika pada D. hispida yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh adanya perbedaan tempat tumbuh pada kedua pulau tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan tempat tumbuh tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas kandungan gizi D. hispida. Perbedaan tempat tumbuh hanya berpengaruh terhadap kandungan kalsium oksalat, dimana kandungan kalsium oksalat D. hispida yang berasal dari Bali nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dari Lombok. Hasil uji lanjutan pada level Provinsi menunjukkan bahwa kadar kalsium oksalat dari Bali Timur lebih rendah dari Bali Barat dan Utara. DNA kloroplast trnL-trnF dan DNA inti pgiC yang diuji tidak menunjukkan adanya variasi sekuensnya. </jats:p

Unveiling plasmid diversity and functionality in pristine groundwater

Abstract Background Plasmids are key in creating a dynamic reservoir of genetic diversity, yet their impact on Earth’s continental subsurface—an important microbial reservoir—remains unresolved. We analyzed 32 metagenomic samples from six groundwater wells within a hillslope aquifer system to assess the genetic and functional diversity of plasmids and to evaluate the role of these plasmids in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Results Our results revealed 4,609 non-redundant mobile genetic elements (MGEs), with 14% (664) confidently classified as plasmids. These plasmids displayed well-specific populations, with fewer than 15% shared across wells. Plasmids were linked to diverse microbial phyla, including Pseudomonadota (42.17%), Nitrospirota (3.31%), Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria (2.56%), and Omnitrophota (2.11%). The presence of plasmids in the dominant CPR bacteria is significant, as this group remains underexplored in this context. Plasmid composition strongly correlated with well-specific microbial communities, suggesting local selection pressures. Functional analyses highlighted that conjugative plasmids carry genes crucial for metabolic processes, such as cobalamin biosynthesis and hydrocarbon degradation. Importantly, we found no evidence of high confidence emerging antibiotic resistance genes, contrasting with findings from sewage and polluted groundwater. Conclusions Overall, our study emphasizes the diversity, composition, and eco-evolutionary role of plasmids in the groundwater microbiome. The absence of known antibiotic resistance genes highlights the need to preserve groundwater in its pristine state to safeguard its unique genetic and functional landscape

MArVD2: a machine learning enhanced tool to discriminate between archaeal and bacterial viruses in viral datasets

Our knowledge of viral sequence space has exploded with advancing sequencing technologies and large-scale sampling and analytical efforts. Though archaea are important and abundant prokaryotes in many systems, our knowledge of archaeal viruses outside of extreme environments is limited. This largely stems from the lack of a robust, high-throughput, and systematic way to distinguish between bacterial and archaeal viruses in datasets of curated viruses. Here we upgrade our prior text-based tool (MArVD) via training and testing a random forest machine learning algorithm against a newly curated dataset of archaeal viruses. After optimization, MArVD2 presented a significant improvement over its predecessor in terms of scalability, usability, and flexibility, and will allow user-defined custom training datasets as archaeal virus discovery progresses. Benchmarking showed that a model trained with viral sequences from the hypersaline, marine, and hot spring environments correctly classified 85% of the archaeal viruses with a false detection rate below 2% using a random forest prediction threshold of 80% in a separate benchmarking dataset from the same habitats

Interrogating the viral dark matter of the rumen ecosystem with a global virome database

The diverse rumen virome can modulate the rumen microbiome, but it remains largely unexplored. Here, we mine 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences, create a global rumen virome database (RVD), and analyze the rumen virome for diversity, virus-host linkages, and potential roles in affecting rumen functions. Containing 397,180 species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), RVD substantially increases the detection rate of rumen viruses from metagenomes compared with IMG/VR V3. Most of the classified vOTUs belong to Caudovirales, differing from those found in the human gut. The rumen virome is predicted to infect the core rumen microbiome, including fiber degraders and methanogens, carries diverse auxiliary metabolic genes, and thus likely impacts the rumen ecosystem in both a top-down and a bottom-up manner. RVD and the findings provide useful resources and a baseline framework for future research to investigate how viruses may impact the rumen ecosystem and digestive physiology